中考英语完形填空题型特点及解题思路.doc

中考英语完形填空题型特点及解题思路兴宁中学 陈璐琳摘要完形填空是一种测试考生综合运用英语语言知识能力的题型，它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查于一体，考查考生在阅读理解基础上，在一定语言情景下灵活运用词汇的能力。它要求考生具备较强的阅读能力，具备能根据短文所给线索，捕捉相关信息，进行分析判断、逻辑推理的能力，它还要求考生能熟练运用所学词汇、语法、习惯用语及交际用语等语言知识进行填词，考查了使用语言的准确性。完形填空属于有障碍性阅读，历来是中考考生失分率较高的题型。新教材使用之后，完形填空试题的难度逐渐增大。以往完形填空试题的考点主要集中在词汇、语法、句法上，对语篇背景考虑不多，近年来考查的重点已逐渐转向对语篇的整体理解。比如多数试题所设选项如果单从语法角度来判定都是正确的，但一旦联系语篇内容，则只有一个正确答案。考生要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加频度，提高难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力，做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提保障。一、题型特点 完形填空的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。它所给的短文难度略高于教材，字数在200250个单词之内，设置15个空格，考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。 二、解题思路1、跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读并理解短文意思的基础上才开始选择，切忌仓促下笔。 2、结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配，从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。 3、瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。 4、复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。 三、例题解析 例1Life is not easy, so Id like to say When anything happens, believe in yourself. When I was 14, I was 1 nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often 2 me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, 3 happened. It changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a(n) 4 idea! It meant I had to 5 in front of all the teachers and students of my school! Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to 6 . Then, Mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I 7 the topic Believe in yourself . I tried my best to 8 all the speech and practiced it over 100 times. 9 my mothers great love, I did well in the contest. I could 10 believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the 11 from the teachers and students. Those 12 who once looked down on me, now all said Congratulations! to me. My mother hugged me and cried 13. 14 then, everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I try to tell 15 to be sure and I will find myself. This is true not only for a person but also for a country.1. A. so B. too C. very D. quite2. A. made faces at B. looked after C. caught up withD. laughed at3. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything4. A. interesting B. exciting C. terrible D. wonderful5. A. write B. speak C. tell D. say6. A. win B. lose C. beat D. pass7. A. reached B. brought C. chose D. thought8. A. remember B. see C. spell D. hear9. A. At B. To C. With D. As10. A. almost B. nearly C. ever D. hardly11. A. cheers B. noises C. thanks D. wishes12. A. teachers B. classmates C. boys D. girls13. A. angrily B. sadly C. quietly D. excitedly14. A. Since B. Except C. From D. Before15.A. oneself B. myself C. me D. mine评析：这是一篇励志型文章，讲的是一个自卑的男孩通过一次英语演讲比赛而找回自信的故事。做题时应先通读短文，把握大意。文章第一句就点明了主题：believe in yourself（要自信）。第二段一开始叙述了笔者14岁时的经历：因为自卑而被人嘲笑。根据这个线索可以得出1、2两题的答案，分别是tooto （太以至于不能）和laugh at（嘲笑）。而后，笔者写道：It changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. （它改变了我的生活。这是一次英语演讲比赛。我妈妈要我去参加。）从这些内容不难看出，笔者是由于一次英语演讲比赛而开始改变的。因此3、4、5题应该依次选择something happened（有某事发生了），a terrible idea（一个糟糕的主意）和speak in front of all the teachers and students in my school （在全校师生面前讲话）。文章第三段讲的是在妈妈的鼓励和帮助下，笔者选定了演讲主题并努力练习，最后取得了第一名。因此，第6题应该选择win（赢），因为这是妈妈鼓励他的话。第7题应选chose the topic（选定了主题），而第8题应选择remember all the speech（记住所有演讲的内容）。第9题是语法题，考查的是with ones help这个用法，应选with。文章接下去讲的是笔者取得了第一名后的感受和同学、妈妈的反应。第10题应选hardly believe my ears（不敢相信自己听到的），第11题应选cheers from the teachers and students（来自老师和同学的欢呼声），第12题应选classmates（同学们）。第13题应选cried excitedly（喜极而泣）。文章最后一段讲的是这次演讲比赛对笔者的影响。第14题考查的是since then（自从那时起）的用法，应选since。第15题应选tell myself to be sure（告诉自己要自信）。例2If you leave something important on a bus or underground train while traveling around London, you should 1 the London Transport Lost Property （财物) Office in central London. Weve got 2 here, but its difficult to imagine 3 people lose some things, says manager Maureen Beaumont, 4 a box of false teeth（假牙）. How can anyone 5 their teeth on a bus? 6 theres a name and address somewhere on the item (物品)，we try to contact (与.取得联系) the 7 and return it. Visitors to London are always 8 to get their property back. If we 9 find the owner anywhere, we 10 the item here for three months and hope that 11 will come into the office to claim (认领) it. If 12 comes to get the item in that time, we 13 it.Its 14 job. People lose some unusual things and theyre 15 pleased when they come into the office and find them. 1. A. look atB. visitC. seeD. watch2. A. everythingB. nothing C. anythingD. good things3. A. whatB. where C. how D. whether4. A. holding B. giving C. asking D. losing5. A. forget B. have C. keep D. leave6. A. If B. Where C. Because D. Whether7. A. owner B. bus driverC. managerD. train driver8. A. afraid B. impossible C. interesting D. surprised9. A. may not B. cant C. can D. may10. A. get B. returnC. keep D. find11. A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. everyone12. A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. everyone13. A. sell B. keep C. buy D. return14. A. a boring B. an interestingC. a dangerousD. an interested15. A. hardly B. ever C. always D. never评析：这篇是有关风土人情的文章。做题前先看文章第一句和最后一句：If you leave something important on a bus or underground train while traveling around London（如果你在伦敦旅行时在公交车或地铁上遗失了东西）和theyre pleased when they come into the office and find them（当失主来办公室认领失物时都很高兴），就可以了解这篇文章的主要内容。第1题由于词义比较容易辨析，可以准确地选出visit和everything。第25题要联系起来做。这四题主要讲的是：很难想象人们会把所有的东西都遗失，甚至包括假牙。因此，第2题应选everything（所有的东西），第3题应选how people lose some things（人们怎么会丢一些奇怪的东西），第4题应选holding a box of false teeth（拿着一盒假牙），第5题应选leave their teeth on a bus（把他们的牙齿遗失在公交车上）。第6至13题的内容是一个整体，讲的是失物招领处如何处理人们遗失的物品。如果物品上有名字和地址，就联系失主并送回；如果找不到失主，就保留失物3个月；如果3个月后仍无人认领，就把失物卖掉。因此，在理解意思的基础上，根据语法规则、词语固定搭配进行综合考虑，对选项逐一进行比较和筛选，选定答案。分别是If, owner, surprised, cant, keep, someone, no one和sell。文章最后一段是总结。从整篇文意的理解可以轻松选出最后两题的答案an interesting和always。例3Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer in nursing. She was born on May 12, 1820 in a 1 family. Her parents named her after the famous Italian city of Florence where she was 2 . She had a happy life when she was a 3 and learned well in school.In 1850, Nightingale decided that she would train to be a 4 . Her family didnt agree with her 5 in those days, nursing was mostly for women with no other way of making a living. But she didnt listen to her 6 She went to Germany to learn and train to be a nurse. When she went back to England, she worked in a 7 with the help of a friend. She made the hospital the 8 in the country.When war broke out, she 9 with thirty-eight nurses to the hospitals near the front（前线）. There she found things were much 10 than she had thought. Florence used her own 11 to buy everything needed for the hospitals. Her only pay was the smiles and thanks from the 12 and wounded soldiers. She didnt stop working. She often worked for twenty-four hours without 13 . At night, she would often carry a lamp when she went around to make sure 14all was well and no one was in need of help. She became _15 as “the lady with the lamp”.Florence Nightingale died on August 13, 1910. She is still remembered today because of the good things she did.1. A. poor B. rich C. busyD. free2. A. bearing B. studying C. studied D. born3. A. sister B. daughter C. child D. lady4. A. nurseB. doctor C. teacher D. scientist5. A. whenB. because C. while D. before6. A. relativesB. teachers C. friends D. parents7. A. factoryB. school C. hospitalD. shop8. A. bestB. better C. good D. well9. A. left B. wentC. arrivedD. reached10. A. badB. better C. good D. worse11. A. medicine B. clothes C. money D. food12. A. ill B. sick C. terrible D. wrong13. A. restB. foodC. water D. drink14. A. why B. how C. that D. where15. A. famousB. interested C. excited D. amazed 评析：这是一篇介绍人物的文章，写的是南丁格尔的生平。做这种类型的文章时，要先耐心看完全文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，把握短文大意，切忌仓促下笔。 第一题的答案从第三段文章中不难找到：Florence used her own money to buy everything needed for the hospitals.（她用自己的钱为医院添置必需品），应选rich（富有的）。第2、3题讲的是她的童年，因此很容易就能选出正确答案：born（出生）和child（孩子）。第二段文章讲的是南丁格尔成为护士的过程。第4题毫无疑问，应选nu