北师大版高中英语单词短语必修.doc

北师大版高中英语单词短语必修5Unit 13单词assessment 评估self-assessment 自我评估strength 长处，优势weakness 弱点，缺陷gain 获得,增加appropriately 适当地passive 被动的,消极的phrase 短语,词组concentrate 集中(思想、注意力)previous 以前的,过去的positive 积极的associate 联想,联系mental 脑力的,精神的lawyer 律师senior 高级的physicist 物理学家beard 胡须blond 淡黄色的,毛发及皮肤浅色的sunglass 墨镜uniform 制服moustache 长在上嘴唇上的小胡子heel 鞋跟sleeve 衣服袖子facial 面部的expression 表情,表达能力,用词connection 联系,连接chain 链条,一连串的事物aircraft 飞机,航空器emergency 紧急情况pray 祈祷,祷告gifted 有天赋的accurately 精确地,准确地description 描述,形容academic学术的predict 预言,预测deserve 应得,值得failure 失败mistaken 错误的association 联想,协会 thus 因此,如此possibility 可能性disability 残疾,无能力entirely 完全地hers 她的 theirs 他(她、它)们的 Easter复活节embassy 大使馆accuse 控告,谴责lightning 闪电personality 个性,性格clerk 职员 conductor 售票员,指挥butcher 屠夫,肉商athletic 爱运动的independent 独立的neat整洁的selfish 自私的sharp 敏锐的,锋利的,尖的characteristic 特点,特性desire 渴望,欲望satisfaction 满意,满足harvest 收获biology 生物学pineapple 菠萝peach 桃子kindness 和善,亲切requirement 要求airline 航空公司aboard 在(上)船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上damp 潮湿的assistant 助手,助理independence 独立poet 诗人translator 翻译员tutor 家庭教师,导师tear 眼泪cheek 脸颊hug 拥抱upset 不安的,不快的fault 错误,缺点thunder 雷声wool 羊毛pine 松树seed 种子squirrel 松鼠sparrow 麻雀bleed 流血broken 断的,破的relief 减轻,宽慰shelter 躲避scholar 学者bench 长凳housewife 家庭主妇postcode 邮政编码astronomy 天文学allergic 过敏的anxiety 忧虑,担心revision 复习oral 口头的,口述的straw 稻草,麦秆glare 怒视,瞪section 部分literary 文学的glance 瞥一眼steam 蒸汽confirm 证实librarian 图书管理员file 档案,文件sigh 叹气,叹息grateful 感激的,感谢的guilty 不安的,有罪的alike 相像的shortcoming 缺点,短处account (银行)账户button 纽扣parrot 鹦鹉cage 笼子judge 评判part-time 部分时间的claw (动物或鸟的)爪子yoghurt 酸奶,酸乳酪honey 蜂蜜chew咀嚼satellite 卫星,人造卫星wrinkle 皱纹forehead 额,前额block 大厦,街区lap 大腿部,膝上devote 专心致志,献身于salty 含盐的,咸的carrot 胡萝卜pea 豌豆companion 同伴,伴侣devotion 奉献forever 永远词组senior high 高中draw up 起草cant help doing sth 禁不住要做某事Unit 14单词carpenter 木匠chemist 化学家receptionist 接待员typist 打字员insurance 保险bonus 奖金,额外津贴fee 服务费,学费income 收入reward 奖赏wage 薪金,工资charge 收费,要价summary 摘要,总结guidance 指导paragraph 段落timetable时间表;课程表institute 机构;学院aid 援助,帮助pump 泵;抽水机data 资料,数据deer 鹿charge 负责topic 题目,话题receipt 收据,收条error 错误liquid 液体comprehension 理解consult 请教,查阅chart 表格,图表casual 随意的,非正式的quarrel 争吵,吵架nursery 托儿所,保育室collar 衣领appointment 约见,约会childhood 童年,儿童时代typewriter 打字机instant 片刻,瞬息battle 战斗,战役civil 民间的,国民的,国内的moral 道德basis 基础,根据corn 玉米cattle 牛frost 霜surrounding 附近的,周围的step 陡峭的,险峻的grain 谷物,谷粒lip 嘴唇mud 烂泥,泥浆wisdom 智慧idiom习 语,成语junior 低级的universe 宇宙mankind人类nest 鸟窝,巢feather 羽毛overcome 战胜,克服grasp 理解,领会,抓牢,抓紧inspect 仔细检查illegal 不合法的,违法的commit 投入existence 存在glory 光荣,荣誉constantly 不断地beneath 在底下bend 弯腰,倾身stage 舞台,阶段,时期hesitate 犹豫,踌躇wrist 腕,腕关节twist 旋转,转动judgement 判断,判断力decrease 减少,降低multiply 乘,大量增加division 部门,分割branch 分支,部门operate 运转,运作,操作dynamic 精力充沛的respond 回复,回答flexible 灵活的,柔韧的envy 羡慕,嫉妒bother 打扰,烦扰continent 大陆,州comfort 舒适,安逸slave 奴隶booming 迅速增长的,迅速发展的panic 恐慌,惊慌arithmetic 算术enclose 随信附上qualification 资格,资历词组shop assistant 营业员take charge of 接管,控制make up 编造make out 听出,看出go into detail(s) 讨论,细谈speak up 大声地说,自由而大胆地说出sit up 坐直junior high 初中believe in 信任,信仰turn over 反转pay off 得到好结果,取得成功keep up with 跟上,赶上in case 万一curriculum vitae 简历,个人简历due to 由于in addition 此外 Unit 15单词arrow 箭oxygen 氧,氧气tick 打勾做记号ox 牛,公牛spelling 拼写backwards 由后向前地correction 改正,改进simplify 简化jar 罐子,坛子secure 稳定的,无忧无虑的frankly 坦率地,真诚地blank 空白的swell 膨胀,肿胀suspect 怀疑lump 团,块throat 咽喉,喉咙status 现状,社会地位chief 最高级别的saying 格言,谚语postage 邮费airmail 航空邮政user 使用者instruct 指导,教导bury 埋葬 ；埋藏；使沉浸；使湮没 alphabet 字母表distinguish 区别,辨别;表现突出drill 钻头；练习,训练motto 格言,座右铭conservation 保守的,旧式的assignment 作业,任务,工作alternative 可选择的,另类的punishment 惩罚,处罚reputation 名誉,名声slight 少量的,微小的loose (指言行等)不严谨的,放荡的obey 服从,听从mild 温和的receiver 接受者pace 速度,步速outstanding 杰出的,优秀的reflect 反映,反射select 挑选misunderstand 误解angle 角，角度triangle 三角形atom 原子pour 倒,灌powder 火药flame 火焰,火舌lack 缺乏,没有spit 吐口水,吐痰drag 拖,拉acid 酸onion 洋葱ours 我们的access 接近或入口worthwhile值得努力的spy 间谍,特务glue 胶水,胶fellow 同伴acquire 获得,得到thinking 思考,考虑rank 职衔bureaucratic 官僚的worthy 值得的religion 宗教defence 保卫,保护ignore 忽视,不顾unwilling不情愿的assumption 假定,假设urge 力劝,强烈要求inspire 鼓舞,鼓励shadow 阴影,影子conventional 传统的,保守的kingdom 王国civilisation 文明vital 极其重要的beneficial 有用的,有益的image 景象,形象assume 假定,假设adapt 使适应facility 设备,设施appreciation 欣赏biochemistry 生物化学choir 合唱团,合唱队词组frankly speaking 老实说,说实话lay off 裁员,解雇aside from 除之外loose conduct 行为不检点,品行不端to a certain extend 在某种程度上set off 引发,出发fellow student 同学be accustomed 习惯于tend to 经常做,倾向于approve of 赞成,赞许高考英语完形填空考点归纳2完形填空考点归纳1.clothes,cloth,clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof 2.incident,accident incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident. 3.amount,number amount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词anumberofstudents 4.family,house,home home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone. 5.sound,voice,noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside. 6.photo,picture,drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Letsgoandseeagoodpicture. 7.vocabulary,word vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary. 8.population,people population人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation. 9.weather,climate weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou. 10.road,street,path,way road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum. 11.course,subject course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）asummercourse 12.custom,habit custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.Ivegotthehabitofdrinkingalot. 13.cause,reason cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate 14.exercise,exercises,practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practicemakesperfect. 15.class,lesson 作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class5 16.speech,talk,lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课aseriesoflectureon 17.officer,official officer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer 18.work,job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob 19.couple,pair couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers 20.country,nation,state,land country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews. 21.cook,cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook. 22.damage,damages damage不可数名词,损害，损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages 23.police,policeman police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse. 24.problem,question problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用 25.man,aman man人类，aman一个男人Manwillconquernature. 26.chick,chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious. 27.telegram,telegraph 当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph 28.trip,journey,travel,voyage travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip 29.sport,game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming. 30.price,prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low. 31.anumberof,thenumberof anumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing. 32.infrontof,inthefrontof infrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy. 33.oftheday,ofaday oftheday每一天的，当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的，不长久的afamousscientistoftheday 34.threeofus,thethreeofus threeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus-Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema. 35.bybus,onthebus bybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus. 36.foramoment,forthemoment foramoment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed. 37.nextyear,thenextyear nextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear. 38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear morethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等） 39.takeadvice,takethe(ones)advice takeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain. 40.takeair,taketheair takeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday. 41.inaword,inwords inaword总之，一句话，inwords口头上Inaword,youareright. 42.inplaceof,intheplaceof inplaceof代替，intheplaceof在地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone. 43.insecret,inthesecret insecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；inthesecret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning. 44.agirl,onegirl agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox? 45.takeachair,takethechair takeachair相当于sitdown坐下，takethechair开始开会 46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea gotosea当海员，出航，bysea乘船，由海路，bythesea在海边gobysea 47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher thedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris 48.inoffice,intheoffice inoffice在职的，intheoffice在办公室里Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice. 49.inbed,onthebed inbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed. 50.inchargeof,inthechargeof inchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher. 51.inclass,intheclass inclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass. 52.onfire,onthefire onfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire. 53.outofquestion,outofthequestion outofquestion毫无疑问的，outofthequestion不可能的 54.asecond,thesecond asecond又一，再一，thesecond第Hewonthesecondprize. 55.byday,bytheday byday白天，bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday. 56.thepeople,apeople thepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople. 57.it,one it同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone. 58.that,this that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.Thatswhy 59.none,nothing,noone none强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人 -Howmany/Howmuch?-None. 60.anyone,anyone anyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou 61.who,what who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher. 62.what,which what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples? 63.other,another other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent 64.notalittle,notabit notalittle非常，notabit一点也不Imnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。 65.many,much,alotof many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaventmanybooks. 66.muchmorethan,manymorethan muchmorethan后接形容词或不可数名词，manymorethan后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful 67.no,not no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater 68.nomorethan,notmorethan nomorethan相当于only，仅仅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超过 69.majority,most majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople 70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself byoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，自动的Thedooropenedofitself. 71.atall,afterall atall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild. 72.tall,high tall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall. 73.fast,quickly fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly 74.high,highly high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的thinkhighlyof 75.healthy,healthful healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise 76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.Imsleepy.77.gold,golden gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfishagoldring 78.most,mostly most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly 79.just,very just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman 80.wide,broad wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders 81.real,true real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory 82.respectful,respectable respectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged 83.outwards,outward 二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage 84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing pleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing. 85.understanding,understandable understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake86.close,closely close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closelyconnected,standclose 87.ill,sick ill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy 88.good,well good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain. 89.quiet,silent,still quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。 90.hard,hardly hard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit. 91.able,capable able与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing 92.almost,nearly 二者均为几乎,差不多和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody 93.late,lately late迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaventseenhimlately. 94.living,alive,live,lively living,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive 95.excited,exciting excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的Imexcited.Thenewsisexciting. 96.deep,deeply deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep 97.aloud,loud aloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读) 98.worth,worthy 二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdone Itisworthvisiting.=Itsworthytobevisited.=Itsworthyofbeingvisited. 99.bad,badly bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为很，非常gobadIneedthebookbadly. 100.beforelong,longbefore beforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong 101.quite,rather quite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible 102.happy,glad happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl 103.instead,insteadof instead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中Hedidntseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm. 104.toomuch,muchtoo toomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy 105.beaboutto,begoingto,betodo beaboutto表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，begoingto侧重打算，想法，betodo侧重意志，计划，安排Imtomeethim.(含双方事先约好的意思) 106.raise,rise raise及物动词，rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast. 107.bring,take,carry,fetch bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk 108.spend,take,pay,cost spend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spendonsth./indoingsth;take物做主语，花时间;pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱 109.join,joinin,takepartin join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型的活动,joinsb.in；takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago. 110.learn,study learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究 studytheproblem 111.want,hope,wish want打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望（通常可以实现），hopetodo/hopethatwish希望（通常不能实现）wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess. 112.discover,invent,findout discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth. 113.answer,reply answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接toreplytotheletter 114.leave,leavefor leave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai. 115.rob,steal rob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb. 116.shoot,shootat shoot射死，shootat瞄准，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied. 117.drop,fall drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice. 118.search,searchfor search后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney. 119.usedto,beusedto usedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly. 120.win,lose,beat win后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem 121.liveon,liveby liveon以为主食，liveby靠谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing 122.beat,hit,strike beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings 123.meet,meetwith meet遇到，meetwith体验到，遭遇到meetwithanaccident 124.lose,miss lose失去（具体的物体），错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance 125.betiredof,betiredwith/from betiredof厌烦，betiredwith/from因为而累了betiredwith/fromrunning800meters 126.careabout,carefor careabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意Hedoesntcareabouthisclothes.Idontcareformovies. 127.catchacold,haveacold catchacold不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而haveacold可以 Shehashadacoldforaweek. 128.changefor,changeinto changefor调换成，changeinto变成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice. 129.continue,last 二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued. 130.feed,raise feed喂养，养活，饲养(togiv