高二英语暑期作业复习第2讲运用2个歌诀3种方法解决冠词的张冠李戴问题.docx

第2讲运用2个歌诀、3种方法解决冠词的张冠李戴问题备考指导冠词是历年高考中的必考点之一，只是不同的省份考查的形式不同而已，有的是以单项填空的形式，有的是以语法填空的形式，有的是以短文改错的形式进行考查。冠词的用途是很广的，尤其是在写作中，几乎每个句子都要涉及到冠词的用法。一、冠词应用的2个歌诀1定冠词用法歌诀沙漠河流域山川，列岛海峡与海湾。阶级党派国家名，组织团体与机关。方位朝代独一词，会议条约与报刊。乐器建筑影剧院，复姓年代海洋船。特指提过人皆知，限定抽象单名前。序数全家名词化，序数最高festival前。抓打人体某部位，带language指语言。还有许多惯用法，定冠可填不可删。莫忘规律有例外，灵活使用是关键。2名词前不用冠词的歌诀独一职位在某地，用作表、补、同位语；独立主格作状语， by短语表方式，man一词义“人类”，对比含义两名词；系词turn接表语，新闻语体及标题；具体意义变抽象，含有as/though的倒装句；人名、地名、国名次，抽象、物质不特指；月份、星期、节假日，学科、语言、称呼语；颜色、病名、五感觉，棋类、球类、三餐词；复数形式表类别，固定词组、惯用语。二、一些固定短语中冠词的用法1一些短语中常用不定冠词in a flash转瞬间all of a sudden突然in a word总之 as a matter of fact事实上in a hurry匆忙 have a go尝试as a rule通常 as a result结果as a whole总体上 at a loss不知所措make a fool of愚弄 make a living谋生in a sense从某种意义上说to a degree在某种程度上put an end to结束，停止once in a while偶尔地2一些短语中常用定冠词on the contrary恰恰相反in the distance在远处in the air在传播中in the end最后on the whole大体上by the way顺便提一下on the right/left在右/左边to the point简明恰当take sb.by the arm拉着某人的胳膊the other day那天，前几天make the most of充分利用to tell the truth老实说3一些短语中常用零冠词at dawn拂晓on board在船上(或飞机上、火车上)at hand(在时间或距离上)接近by accident偶然in debt负债out of date过时的at full speed全速catch fire着火face to face面对面hand in hand手拉手year after year年复一年lose face丢脸catch sight of看见take action采取行动4一些短语中有无定冠词意义不同at table在吃饭at the table在桌旁go to school去上学go to the school到那所学校去in front of在前面in the front of在的前部out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能in charge of负责in the charge of由负责in possession of占有in the possession of为所占有by day在白天by the day按日计算by sea乘船by the sea在海边三、解决冠词问题常用的3种方法方法1语境暗示法在解答冠词试题时，要注意下面的原则：一是根据句子的意思判断是特指(定冠词表示特指)还是泛指(不定冠词表示泛指)，其次看是可数名词还是不可数名词。这样就能够根据句子的意思判断出是选定冠词还是不定冠词。典例展示1(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. _答案thea解析此处表示“在一段短暂的时间内”，并没有特指在哪一段时间，所以应该把the改为a。典例展示2(2016四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen._答案kitchen前加the解析此处应指我们家的厨房，表示特指，故在kitchen前加the。方法2准确翻译法冠词a/an表示“一个，一种，某一个”，一般泛指任意一个，而the表示“这个，那个”，是特指。所以在大多数情况下，如果我们能准确地把泛指或特指的意思翻译出来，就能够正确地解答该题。典例展示1(2015广东高考)He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案a解析此处第一次提到农场，应用不定冠词。故答案为a。典例展示2Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those though time.答案a；a解析a drink在此是物质名词具体化，指“一杯饮料”；a comfort在此是抽象名词具体化，指“一件令人欣慰的事”。方法3固定短语搭配法掌握冠词的习惯用法，冠词活用和固定词组中用不用冠词或用什么冠词对于解答冠词试题也是很重要的。典例展示1(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_ other is with mum she never suspects.答案the解析one . the other .是固定搭配，意为“一个另一个”。故答案为the。典例展示2(2016全国卷)But in that case, we will learn little about world.答案world前加the解析world是独一无二的事物，故在world前加the。跟踪训练考点突破.根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词1. It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man.2As he reached _ front door，Jack saw _ strange sight.3Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.4Its said that John will be in a job paying over 60，000 _ year.Right，he will also get paid by _ week.5Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso.6Dr.Peter Spence，_ headmaster of the school，told us，“_ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”7As is known to all，_ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world.8In communication，_ smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.9Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure.10. Everything comes with _ price；there is no such _ thing as free lunch in the world.11We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.12The biggest whale is _ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story building.13Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.14Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _ while.15What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!.单句改错1On the bus I caught a sight of my English teacher._2Wish you a good luck._3Sometimes I go to school by a taxi._4I didnt go to the bed until midnight last night._5Students are not allowed to smoke in the class._6A girl as she is, she is very fond of boxing._7Tom is my the best friend._8At last he turned a writer._9He came into the classroom, a book in hand._10He is the captain of the team._能力提升.阅读理解ASome people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my familys last vacation.It was my sixyearold sons winter break from school，and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip.The flight was overbooked，and Delta，the airline，offered us 400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back.But that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay.I took my ninemonthold and took off for home.The next day，my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes，I encouragedokay，orderedthem to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars.Our total take：1，600.Not bad，huh?Now some people may think Im a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a bigtime bargain hunter，I know the value of a dollar.And these days，a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.Ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing(揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBCs Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade：A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys worth.Im also tightfisted when it comes to shoes，clothes for my children，and expensive restaurants.But I wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer，and its the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.1Why did Delta give the authors family credits?AThey took a later flight.BThey had early bookings.CTheir flight had been delayed.DTheir flight had been cancelled.2What can we learn about the author?AShe rarely misses a good deal.BShe seldom makes a compromise.CShe is very strict with her children.DShe is interested in cheap products.3What does the author do?AShes a teacher.BShes a housewife.CShes a media person.DShes a businesswoman.4What does the author want to tell us?AHow to expose bad tricks.BHow to reserve airline seats.CHow to spend money wisely.DHow to make a business deal.BThere is no doubt that to study abroad gives you an excellent opportunity to learn things which are very helpful in your career building.Today Canada has earned a good name in providing quality education and safe healthy environment for its students.That is why more than 130，000 international students enroll(登记入学) every year in famous Canadian universities.It is an ideal education destination and gives students a unique experience education and its versatile(多样的) arts and culture.Canada spends a lot on education and is ranked the highest in G8 countries.To study in Canada is very cost effective.These universities are affordable compared to other universities in the world such as in the US，New Zealand and UK where cost of education and living is very high.According to a survey in 2006，“Canada offered the lowest tuition fees(学费) for foreign students compared to UK and Australia.”The low rate of crimes and the peaceful safe environment of the country also attracts a lot of international students to Canadian universities.Canada has 92 universities and 175 community colleges and university degrees have three levelsBachelors，Masters and Doctoral.A Bachelors degree in Canada is for three or four years fulltime study depending on the nature of the program you are doing.On the other hand，a Masters degree consists of two years of study.For a Doctoral program in Canadian universities，you require a minimum (最低/小的) of three to four or sometimes five years of research and study.You can also find many diploma and certification(认证) programs in Canadian universities where the time is generally one year.Some of the Canadian universities are wellregarded worldwide and the degree and diploma obtained from these Canadian universities are recognized globally and promise bright future.After the completion of studies，a person could also find great job offers in Canada itself.International students require a work permit to work on campus.5We can learn from the passage that _ACanada has 92 community collegesBto study in Canada is cheaper than in AustraliaCCanada spends the least on education among G8 countriesD130，000 Chinese students enroll in Canadian universities every year6How long will you spend at least in total if you want to finish your Bachelors Masters and Doctoral degrees in Canada?A11 years. B9 years.C8 years. D7 years.7What advantages does Canada have to attract foreign students according to the passage?(1)Quality education (2)Safe environment(3)Versatile culture (4)Bright job future(5)High scholarship (6)Low tuition feesA(1)(2)(4)(5)(6) B(1)(2)(3)(5)(6)C(1)(3)(4)(5)(6) D(1)(2)(3)(4)(6)8Whats the best title for the passage?ACanadian CultureBThe Life in CanadaCBenefits of Studying AbroadDStudy in Canadaa Unique Experience.语法填空Dear Editor，Im writing to tell you about 1._ discussion weve had about whether 2._ entrance fee should be charged for parks.Opinions are divided on 3._ question. 60%of 4._ students are against 5._ idea of entrance fees. They believe 6._ public park should be free of charge. People need 7._ place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people aw