英语阅读理解专项练习.ppt

英语专项练习,阅读理解与完形填空,1,Japanesestudentsworkveryhardbutmanyareunhappy.Theyfeelheavypressures（压力）fromtheirparents.Moststudentsarealwaystoldbytheirparentstostudyharderandbettersothattheycanhaveawonderfullifeinthefuture.Thoughthismaybeagoodideaforthoseverybrightstudents,itcanhaveterribleresultsformanystudentswhoarenotgifted（有天赋的）enough.Manyofthemhavetriedveryhardatschoolbuthavefailedintheexamsandhavetheirparentslosehope.Suchstudentsfeelthattheyarehatedbyeveryoneelsetheymeetandtheydontwanttogotoschoolanylonger.Theybecomedropouts.ItissurprisingthatthoughmostJapaneseparentsareworriedabouttheirchildren,theydonothelptheminanyway.Manyparentsfeelthattheyarenoabletohelptheirchildrenandthatitistheteachersworktohelptheirchildren.Tomakemattersworse,alotofparentssendtheirchildrentothoseschoolsopeningintheeveningsandonweekendstheyonlywantthestudentstopasstheexamsandneverteachthemanyrealsenseoftheworld.ManyJapaneseschoolusuallyhaverulesabouteverythingfromthestudentshairtotheirclothesandthingsintheirschoolbags.Childpsychologists（心理学家）nowthinkthatsuchstrictrulesareharmful（有伤害的）tothefeelingsofthestudents.Almost40%ofthestudentssaidthatnoonehadtaughtthemhowtogetonwithothers,howtotellrightfromwrongandhowtoshowloveandcareforothers,evenfortheirparents.,1.“Dropouts”arethosewho_.A.maketroublesinandoutofschools.B.goaboutorstayhomeinsteadofbeingatschoolC.tryhardbutalwaysfailintheexamsD.losehopeandgiveupsomeoftheirsubjects.2.Accordingtothepassage,itsnecessarytoteachstudents_.A.howtostudywellB.howtogetonwithothersC.toshowloveandcareforothers.D.Allabove.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheTroubleinJapaneseSchoolB.TheProblemsofJapaneseStudentsC.Education（教育）inJapanD.ThePressuresontheStudentsinJapan,2,Coffee(咖啡)hasbecomethemostpopulardrinkinAmerica.TodayAmericanpeopledrinkmorecoffeethanpeopleinanyothercountry.Peopledrinkcoffeeatbreakfast,atlunch,atdinnerandbetweenmeals.Theydrinkhotcoffeeorcoffeewithiceinit.Theydrinkitatworkandathome.Coffeeisdrunkbypeoplearoundtheworld.Somepeoplelikecoffeethatisblack(纯)andstrong(浓),otherpeoplelikecoffeewithcream(奶酪)orsugar,orbothcreamandsugarinit.Inallthewaysitisserved(招待).Coffeehasbecomeaninternational(国际的)drink.,1.ThemostpopulardrinkintheUnitedStatesis_.A.teaB.milkC.coffeeD.cream2.InAmericacoffeeisdrunk_.A.atbreakfastonlyB.atlunchonlyC.atsupperonlyD.atanytime3.Inthispassagethereare_differentkindsofcoffee.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six4.“Coffeehasbecomeaninternationaldrink”means“_”.A.CoffeeisgrownallovertheworldB.Peopleallovertheworldalmostdrinkcoffee.C.CoffeeisveryexpensiveD.Coffeeisverycheap5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?A.InAmerica,peopleneverdrinkcoffeeintheirofficetime.B.Creamandsugarcanbeputintocoffee.C.Noteveryonelikescoffeewithcream.D.Coffeeisntakindoffood,butakindofdrink.,CDBBA,3,Anna,Bernard,CarmenandDiana,threegirlsandaboy,wereallborninthesamehospitalonthesamedaylastmonth.Onedayalloftheirfourmothersaskedanursetogivethemeachabath,becausetheirfathersweresooncomingtothehospitaltoseetheirbabies.Butthenursewasnew.Shetookofftheirnamelabelsonebyonewhenshebathedthem,butsheforgottoputanyofthemonagain.Sheknewonlysomethingsabouteachbaby.Onlytwoofthebabieshavesomehair,buttheyarentAnnaandCarmen.OnlyoneofthebabiescriesallthetimebutAnnaisahappybaby.Onebabyalwaysquietlysucksitsthumbsbuthasnohairatall.ItsnameisAnna.Onebabyalwaystouchestherightearandcriesalot,butsheisntthesmallestbaby.Thefattestbabyhasnohair,andnevercries.Thisbabydoesntsuckthethumb,too.Oneoftheboyswiththeredhairnevercriesbutmoveshereandthere.Canthenurseworkoutthebabiesbeforethefathersarrive?Ofcourseshecan.Howaboutyou?,1Whydidthethingsbecomemixed?Because_.AthebabiesfatherswerecomingBthemothersweremixedCthenursewasnewDthebabieswantedtohaveabatheach2Dianaisthegirl.Diana_.AisthesmallestbabyBalwaystouchestheleftearCalwayscriesD1ikesplayingbyherself3_hashairandmoveshereandthere.ADianaBBernardCCarmenDAnna4Anna_.AcriesallthetimeBisntthefattestCdoesntsuckthethumbsDhasredhair5Whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?AThefatherswillhaveabatheach.BCarmenhasalotofhair.CAnnadoesnthaveanyhair.DDianaisthesmallest.,CCBBC,怎样做好阅读理解,阅读是中考高考最常见的也是分数最大的题型，阅读能力是英语教学的重点。近年来，注重对初中生阅读理解能力的考核已成为中考的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展，中学英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。阅读理解题文章主要有如下几类，记叙文（故事性文章）、说明文（科普文章）、新闻类文章、人物传记、应用文（如广告、通知、说明书）等。可是要如何做好阅读理解呢？我想我们应该做到如下几点：,一.慧眼识文体随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时尤其要注意作者的主要观点以及每个论证中的小观点，以及它们的论据；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。,二.纵观摘要点阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义，只见一斑，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。,如下面一篇文章：,Peopleindifferentcountrieshavedifferentwaysofdoingthings.Somethingthatispoliteinonecountrymaybequiteimpoliteinanother.InBritain,youmustntliftyourbowltoyourmouthwhenyouarehavingsomeliquid(液体)food.ButitsdifferentinChina.AndinJapanyouevenneedntworryaboutmakingnoiseswhenyouhaveit.Itshowsthatyouareenjoyingit.Butitisregardedasbadmanners(礼貌；方式)inBritain.IfyouareavisitorinMongolia,whatmannersdotheywishyoutohave?Theywishyoutogivealoud“burp”(打嗝)afteryoufinisheating,Burpingshowsthatyoulikethefood.InBritain,youshouldtrynottoputyourhandsonthetablewhenyourehavingameal.InMexico,however,guestsareexpectedtokeeptheirhandsonthetableduringameal.ButinArabcountriesyoumustbeverycarefulwithyourhands.Youmustnteatwithyourlefthand.Arabsconsideritverybadmannerseatingwithlefthands.So,whatshouldyoudoifyouareonavisitinanothercountry?Well,justdoinRomeastheRomansdo.Youcanaskthenative(本土的)peopletohelpyouorjustwatchcarefullyandfollowthem.,1.Accordingtothepassage,makingnoiseswhenyouhaveliquiedfoodisntbadmannersinAChinaBJapanCBritainDMongolia2._isbadmannersinBritain.AEatingfoodwithoutmakingnoisesBPuttingliquidfoodinthebowlCHavingsoupdirectilywithabowlDKeepinghandsoffthetable3.Fromthepassage,wecaninfer(推断)that.AMongolianpeopleburpwhentheyareeatingBJapanesepeopleallmakenoiseswhendrinkingCChinesepeoplenevermakenoisesattableDfewArabseatwithlefthands4.“DoinRomeastheRomansdo”meas“”.ADoasthenativepeopledoBDoasyoudoathomeCAskthenativepeopletodoitDWatchthenativepeopledoingit5.Thepassagemaninly(主要)tellsus.AsometablemannersinBritainBsomedifferenttablemannersCdifferentwaysofhavingliquidfoodDtohavegoodmanners,最后一道题，问这篇文章主要告诉我们什么，遇到这样的问题，我们需要纵览全文，找到概括比较全面的一个选项，答案选B。一般遇到这样的题，会有一个答案是太细节的了，如C；还有一些细节是断章取义，如A，还有一些是主观臆断如B，于是答案出现了。遇见这样的题，我们还可以用反想法，就是“如果我用这样的中心思想写文章，我会怎么写？”然后套用四个不同的选项，想一下，选择最正确的答案。,三.开动脑筋测词意初中英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：1)根据上下文猜测词意如一道中考模拟题，阅读B篇中passedaway，根据上文的Anillnesshadkepttheboyhomebeforehepassedaway.可以猜测出意为“去世”。,2)根据构词法猜测词意前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant.etc.后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument.后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等。,上面那篇阅读中的第四题就是类似这样的题型。4.“DoinRomeastheRomansdo”meas“”.ADoasthenativepeopledoBDoasyoudoathomeCAskthenativepeopletodoitDWatchthenativepeopledoingit,虽然不是猜测词语的意思，猜测句子的意思也是一样的。根据上下文中“So,whatshouldyoudoifyouareonavisitinanothercountry?”以及“Youcanaskthenative(本土的)peopletohelpyouorjustwatchcarefullyandfollowthem.”我们可以推测出，这个句子有入乡随俗的意思（到了罗马就要像罗马人那样做。）所以我们选择A。,四.用常识来理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Waterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen.；根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.。根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如闸北区中考模拟卷阅读C篇回答问题中，根据Havethepolicetakenyourdrivinglicenseaway，too?可以推断问题6：Whywastheothermanridingabicycleinsteadofdrivingacar?的答案为：Becausethepolicehadtakehisdrivinglicenseaway.,再如上面文章中的第三题和第四题都是推断性质的题目。3.Fromthepassage,wecaninfer(推断)that.AMongolianpeopleburpwhentheyareeatingBJapanesepeopleallmakenoiseswhendrinkingCChinesepeoplenevermakenoisesattableDfewArabseatwithlefthands前者是根据细节做推断的，后者是理解文章意思的题目。第三题答案为D,虽然前面三个选项文章中都曾经提到过，但是最准确地还是D.A选项说蒙古人吃饭的时候打嗝，文章上说蒙古人希望你吃晚饭以后打一个嗝，意思是不一样的。B选项说所有的日本人吃饭都有声音，太绝对了，文章中只是说在日本吃饭发出声音不是什么没有礼貌的事情。C选项说中国人在餐桌上从来都不出声，也是太绝对了。,五.条分缕析理解长句长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如，Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestingparticularsporthaveadifficultdecisiontomakeabouttheirchildrenscareer.，先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parentshaveadecision.，再找出修饰语whosechildrenshowaspecialinterestingparticularsport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，tomakeabouttheirchildrenscareers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。总之，最主要的还是尊重原文，根据上下文的语境做判断,完形填空1,Children1theUSAlikeKDayverymuch.Kis2Kites.March7istheday.3thatdaylotsofchildrengooutintheopen4.Theytaketheirkites5them.Somekitesareverybig.6aresmall.Theyareindifferentcolours.Everykitehasalongstring(线).Togetthekitesup,thechildrenbeginto7,Theyletoutthestringfromtheball8theirhands.Nowthekites9flyingintheair.How10theylook!,()1.A.atB.onC.inD.for()2.A.forB.ofC.toD.about()3.A.ToB.InC.OfD.On()4.A.landB.groundC.airD.sea()5.A.withB.byC.andD.to()6.A.OtherB.AnotherC.TheotherD.Others()7.A.jumpB.playC.runD.sing()8.A.atB.fromC.ofD.in()9.A.isB.areC.beD.having()10.A.strongB.niceC.tallD.hard,caDCADCDBB,2,Anoldwomanopensherwindowandlooksout.1fineday!But2amaninthefrontgarden.Theoldwoman3himandsays,“Heseatinggrass(草),why?”shegoes4intothegardenandsaystohim.“Areyou5hungry?”.Themansays.“Yes,Iamapoorman.Ihavenothing6mybreakfast,andImhungrynow.”Theoldwomansaystohim.“Cometo7backdoorofmyhouse.”Themanishappyandthengoes8her.She9thebackdoorandsaystothepoorman.“Look.Thegrassis10herebehindthehouse.”,()1.A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()2.A.hasB.thereisC.haveD.thereare()3.A.looksatB.looklikeC.looksforD.looks()4.A.upB.downC.inD.out()5.A.littleB.veryC.manyD.lot()6.A.forB.aboutC.toD.of()7.A.anB.aC.theD.I()8.A.withB.andC.onD.over()9.A.closesB.opensC.turnsonD.turnsoff()10.A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest,CBADBACABB,3,Harrydidntstophiscaratsometraffic-lightswhentheywere1,andhehit2car.Harryjumpedoutandwenttoit.Therewasanoldmaninthecar.Hewasvery3andsaidtoHarry,“What4?Younearlykilledme!”“Yes,”Harryanswered,“Imvery5.”Hetookabottleoutofhiscarandsaid,“Drinksomeofthis.Thenyoullfeel6.”Hegavethemansomewhisky,andtheman7it,butthenheshoutedagain,“Younearlykilledme!”Harrygavehimthebottleagain,andtheoldmandrank8thewhisky.ThenhesmiledandsaidtoHarry,“Thankyou.Ifeelmuchbetternow.But9arentyoudrinking?”“Ohwell,”Harryanswered,“Idontwantanywhiskynow.Imgoingtosithereand10thepolice.”,1.A.yellowB.redC.greenD.light2.A.otherB.theC.othersD.another3.A.happyB.afraidC.frightenedD.sad4.A.doyoudoB.doyoudoingC.areyoudoD.areyoudoing5.A.sorryB.excuseC.happyD.glad6.A.betterB.wellC.goodD.worse7.A.drinksB.throwsC.drankD.threw8.A.littleB.fewC.alotofD.many9.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.why10.A.findB.waitC.findoutD.waitfor,bdcdaaccdd,4,Twomenstartedafight(打架)inastreet.Thebigmanhitthelittleman1,andthelittlemanfelldownontheground.Thenthe2onesawapolicemancomingalongthestreet.Hehidhimselfinashop.Thepolicemanlookeddown3themanontheground,butthelittlemandidnotmove.Ataxiwascomingalongthestreetandthepoliceman4it.Thenheputthemanintothebackseatoftheear.“Gotoadoctorshouse,quickly,”hesaid.Themaninthebackseatdidntmove5speak.“Hes6!”thepolicemanthought.Whenthetaxistoppedoutsidethedoctorshouse,thepoliceman7themaninandthedoctorlookedathim.“Hemaybedead,”saidthedoctor8hesawtheman.“Heisntmoving.”Whenthelittlemanheard9thedoctorsaid.Hesatupatonce.“Imnotdead,”hesaid.“Imalive!”Thepolicemanwasveryangry.“Doyouknowbetterthan10?”“Yes,Ido,”saidthemail.“Iwantedtogetawayfromthebigman,andIvegotawaynow.Thankyouverymuch.”,1AhardlyBhardClateDsoftly2AfatBlittleCbigDthin3AforBupCoutDat4AaskedforBsendforCstoppedDtelephone5AorBandCbutDSo6AillBdeadClivingDallright7AcarriedBpulledCpushedDthrew8AbeforeBassoonasCsinceDif9AhowBwhereCthatDwhat10AthebigmanBthelittlemanCthetaxidriverDthedoctor,BCDCABABDD,5,OnenightIdecidedtospendsometimebuildingahappierandcloserrelationshipwithmydaughter.Forseveralweeksshehadbeen31metoplaychesswithher,soIsuggestedagameandsheeagerly32.Itwasaschoolnight,however,andatnineoclockmydaughteraskedifIcould33mymoves,becauseshe34togotobed;shehadtogetupatsixinthemorning.I35shehadstrictsleepinghabits,36Ithoughtsheoughttobeableto37someofthisstrictness.Isaidtoher,“38,youcanstayuplateforonce.Werehaving39.”Weplayedonforanotherfifteenminutes,duringwhichtimeshelooked40.Finallyshesaid,“Please,Daddy,doitquickly.”“No,”Ireplied.“Ifyouregoingtoplayit41,youregoingtoplayitslowly.”Andsowe42foranothertenminutes,until43mydaughterburstintotears,and44thatshewasbeaten.ClearlyIhadmade45.Ihadstartedtheeveningwantingtohavea46timewithmydaughterbuthad47mydesiretowintobecomemore48thanmyrelationshipwithmydaughter.WhenIwasachild,mydesiretowin49mewell.Asaparent,I50