初中代词用法归纳：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词.docx

代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词。一 人称代词：代替具体人名的词叫人称代词。它有一、二、三人称与单数、复数及性别之分，还有主格与宾格之分。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化： （1）Whos Kate? 凯特是谁？ Shes my friend. 她是我的朋友。 注：she代替上文中的Kate，而不能再用Kate来重复回答：Kate is my friend.（2）Li Lei is a boy. Hes twelve. 李雷是个男孩，他十二岁。 注：he代替前句中的李雷。（3）Look at that bird. It is Polly. 看那只鸟，它是波利。 注：it代替前句中的that bird。（4）Whos it?（门外有敲门声）谁呀？ Its me. 是我。人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。例如：He is student. 他是一个学生。 2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语.)例如： I saw her with them at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语） - Who broke the vase? -谁打碎了花瓶？- Me. -我。（me做主语补语= Its me.）难点：主格和宾格的区别用法主格做句子主语，而宾格作为动词或者介词的宾语。(动宾结构或者介宾结构)例如：Give it to me. （宾格） I love you. （主格）3). 并列人称代词的排列顺序 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称 第三人称 第一人称，即you he/she; it - I。例如：You, he and I should return on time. 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 第二人称 第三人称，即we youthey。巩固练习：用适当的人称代词填空。（前后两句人称与数保持一致） （1）My name is Amy. _ am Amy. （2）Our names are Amy and Gina. _ are Amy and Gina. （3）His name is Tim. _ is Tim. （4）Her name is Alice. _ is Alice. （5）Their names are Tim and Alice. _ are Tim and Alice. （6）Your name is Li Peng. _ are Li Peng. （7）Your names are Li Peng and Li Lei. _ are Li Peng and Li Lei. （8）Its name is Mimi . _ is Mimi. 代词it的用法指代前面提到过的事物。 如： The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jims.指代指示代词this或that. 如： -Whats that? -It is a pen.指代婴儿或不明身份的人. 如：Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is .指代时间或季节 如：-What is the time now? -Its ten oclock.指代天气 如：-Whats the weather like today? -Its sunny.指代距离 如：How far is it from your school to your home?用作形式主语，常用语下列句型中It is +adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 例句: It is easy for me to finish the homework. It is important for us to work hard. Its time to do/for /that. 例句：Its time for eating lunch. Its time to get up /for lunch/that we went home.二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词一般放在所修饰名词的前面，同时它们也有人称和数的变化。形容词性物主代词的前后是不出现冠词的，这是在书写句子时最容易犯的错误。如：my father, his desk, our room, their names, your aunt等。用法形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟一个名词。如：This is my bike. 这是我的自行车。Miss Gao is our English teacher. 高小姐是我们的英语老师。I dont know her name. 我不知道她的名字。即：形容词性物主代词名词【例】She is a student and name is Kate.A. she B. her C. hers D. his名词性物主代词名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词.如: -Is this your book？-No, it isnt, its hers(her book).This book is mine.= This is my book.Jims , Toms, Marias则是名词所有格。巩固练习：一、用代词的适当形式填空1There is a letter for_ (her 、hers) mother. 2That is _ (she) coat. The coat is red._ (its) is a new one. 3Whose pens are these? _(their) are _ (we). 4Give _ (he) a toy, please. 5_ (we) eyes are black. 6Tim and Bill are twins. _(them) parents are teachers. 7Give the book to _ (I ). 8These books are _ (we). 9That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )10The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )11Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )12_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )二、 用适当的人称代词填空：1._ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. ( she )2.Whatdayis_today?_isThursday. (its)3.Thesenewhousesaresonice._areveryexpensive.( them )4.LingLingisagirl._studiesinaprimaryschool._brotherliveswith_andhelps_with_ lessons. ( she )5.Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto_? ( she )三、用合适的代词填空1._(我) am a student. _ (我的)name is Gina.This is _ (我的)sister. This pencil is _(我的).Where is _(我的)schoolbag? (我的)_is on the desk.(我的)_favorite subject is science.2、Do _(你)have a soccer ball? Is this _(你的) pencil？ Do _(你)like bananas? When is _(你的) birthday?What is _(你的)favorite subject? Who is _(你的)P.E. teacher.Why do _(你)like P.E.? When is _ (你的) P.E. class?Where is _(你的)schoolbag? (你的)_ is on the desk.3.Is _(他)Alan? Whats _(他的) last name? Whats _(他的)phone number? _(他的) father is a teacher._(他)often plays basketball. When is _(他的) birthday? What is _(他的)favorite subject? Who is _(他的)music teacher.Why does _(他)like P.E.? When is _(他的) music class?This soccer ball is _(他的). Where is _(他的)schoolbag? (他的)_ is on the desk.4. Is _(她)Helen? Whats _(她的) last name? Whats _(她的)phone number? _(她的) father is a teacher._(她)often plays tennis after school. When is _(她的) birthday?What is _(她的)favorite subject? Who is _(她的)music teacher.Why does _(她)like P.E.? When is _(她的) music class?This ping-pong bat is _ (她的). Where is _(她的)schoolbag? (她的)_ is on the desk.5._(我们) are late. Please let_(我们)play soccer.6._(我们的) classroom is big._( 你们的) is small.7_(他们)are my parents. I love _(他们)very much.Whats _(他们的) names? 三、指示代词指示代词的基本用法: 指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语： 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数 复数限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.如：This is yours and that is mine. 这是你的，那是我的。（作主语）I want this book, not that book. 我要这本书，不是那本书。（作定语）I like these and he likes those. 我喜欢这些，他喜欢那些。（作宾语） 表替代的that 与 those有时为了避免重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词：如：The population of China is much larger that that of Japan.中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that = the population)His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. 他的观点接近社会党的观点。(those = the views)巩固练习：一、句型转换：1. This is a yellow bus.(改为复数句)_ _yelllow_.二、用所给的词选择填空1、Thesearepensand_arepencils.(that,this,those)2、Tomwassickyesterday._iswhyhemissedschool.(That,Those,These)3、Whichof_shirtsareToms(These,this,that)4、Thisdeskismine,_ishers.(those,this,that)5、ThemapofBeijingisbetterthan_ofTianjing.(this,that,these)三、填空1. I like _ pants. _ pants are red.(这些)2. I dont like _ shoes. _shoes are too small.(那些)3. I want _(这个) sweater. I dont want_(那个) sweater._ (那个)is too big.四、英汉互译。1. 这支钢笔 2. 那些英语书3. these erasers 4. that car五、选择。( )1. _ pen is red. _ pencil is green.A. this, that B. These, qThoseC. That, Those D. This, That( )2. Is _ a panda over there?A. this B. thatC. those D. these( )3. _two boys are Mr. Greens sons.A. This B. TheseC. That D. those( )4. _ two girls are Mary and Linda.A. This B. TheyC. That D. Those( )5. _is Mr. White and _ is my father.A. This, those B. That, theseC. These, these D. This, thisq四、反身代词英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法展现】1可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf.玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。We must look after ourselves very well.我们必须好好照顾自己。2可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：She isnt quite herself today.她今天有点不舒服。3可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。I met the writer himself last week.我上周见到了那位作家本人。4用在某些固定短语当中。如：look after oneself / take care of oneself照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语lose oneself in沉浸于，陶醉于之中leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买东西introduce oneself介绍自己【温馨提醒】1、反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework.(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2、反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons.(正)Im drawing with my own crayons.巩固练习;一选择。1.Thosegirlsenjoyed_inthepartylastnight.A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.herself2.Help_tosomefish,children.A.yourselfB.yourC.yoursD.yourselves3.Thefilm_isveryfun.A.itsB.itselfC.itD.its4.Whoteaches_math?Iteach_.A.your,myselfB.you,myselfC.you,meD.you,herself5.Thefatherwillmake_abike_.A.her,himselfB.she,himselfC.her,herselfD.she,herself6.Thescarfis_,shemadeit_.A.herself,herB.herself,hersC.hers,herselfD.her,herself7.LiuHulansdeathwasgreat.Shethoughtmoreofothersthan_.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself8.Luckily,hedidnthurt_terriblyyesterday.A.himB.themselvesC.himselfD.they9.Icantmendmyshoe_.Canyoumenditfor?A.myself,meB.myself,IC.me,ID.I,me10.Ilikewatchinginthemirror.A.meB.IC.myD.Myself11.Hi,Judy.Hi,Jason.Comein.Make_athome.A.yourselfB.usC.yourselvesD.you12.Mumoftenwarnstheboy_swim_intheseabecauseitsdangerous.A.dont,aloneB.not,byhimselfC.notto,byhimselfD.notto,lonely13.LiLeiandLinTaoareworkingharderthanbeforetoimprove_.A.themselvesB.himselfC.theirD.theirs14. YesterdayIsaw_enjoy_inthepark.A.her,hersB.they,themC.She,herselfD.them,themselves15.Itwasnotgoodforthemothertoleaveherlittlesonallby_.A.yourselfB.himselfC.herselfD.itself16.Marymakesall_dresses.A.herselfB.herselfsC.hersD.herown17.Dontbeworried.Shewillcome_verysoon.A.byherselfB.toherselfC.backherselfD.alltoherself二、根据上下文用适当的代词填空：1.Maryfinished_workallby_.2.Mumisout,sowehavetolookafter_.3.Help_tothefruit!Isaidtothetwins.4.Ihavebrought_lunchhere.Have_brought_,John?5.Didtheyintroduce_toyou?Yes,andsodid_.6.Lucyfelloff_bikethismorning,but_didnthurt_verybadly.7.Doyoulive_,Sam? No,Ilivewith_parents.8.Doyouwash_everyday?Yes,Ido.9.Whocooksfoodfor_asbreakfast? Nobody.Icookit_.10.DidyoulearnitEnglish_? Yes,Itaught_.五、疑问代词疑问代词即指who， whom， whose， which， what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：What did she say ? 她怎么说?(what作say的宾语)Which are our seats ? 哪些是我们的座位?(which作表语)What are you worrying about ? 你为什么事烦恼?(what作about的宾语)疑问代词的用法：意思用法例句who谁问人的身份，姓名等He is LiLie Who is he ?He is my brother. Who is he ?whom谁问人的身份，姓名等(问宾语）I can ask him the question.Whom can you ask the question?what什么问人的职业或事物是什么He is a worker. What is he?He has a book. What does he have ?which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人或物The big box is mine. Which box is yours?The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann?whose谁的问所属关系This is her book. Whose book is this ?This book is hers. Whose is this book?what color什么颜色问颜色（表语）My skirt is red. What color is your skirt?What time几点问点时间We play games at five in the afternoon ?What time do you play games?when什么时候问时间We play games in the afternoon ?When do you play games?where什么地方问地点（状语）We play games at home on Sunday ?Where do you play games on Sunday?why为什么问原因He isnt at school today because he is ill.Why isnt he at school today ?how怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等He is fine/strong. How is he ?I go home by bike. How do you go home?how old多大几岁问年龄He is ten. How old is he ?how many多少跟复数名词，问数量There are thirty boys in my class.How many boys are there in your class?how much多少跟不可数名词问数量或价钱 There is some milk in the bottle.How much milk is there in the bottle?how far多远问路程Its five kilometers away from here? How far is it from here?how soon多久问in+一段时间He can finish it in half an hour.How soon can he finish it ?how long多久问一段时间，问物体的长短He has lived here for a year. How long has he lived here?The desk is one meters long. How long is the desk ?how often多久（一次）问频率I go to see my parents once a month.How often do you go to see your parents?对画线部分提问，除了要注意选择正确的疑问词外，还要注意语序的运用。1、 对句子的主语提问，其语序是：疑问词+谓语+其他成分？（整个句子是陈述句语序）She is their teacher. Who is their teacher?主语 谓语 主语 谓语2、对句子主语的定语部分提问，其语序是： 疑问词+主语（即定语所修饰的名词）+ 谓语+其他成分？（整个句子是陈述句语序）My book is over there. Whose book is over there ?主语的定语 主语 谓语 疑问词 主语 谓语以上两点方法都是：用正确的疑问词代替画线部分，再把句号改为问号，其余部分一般不做改变3对表语或宾语的定语部分提问，其语序是：疑问词+表语或宾语（画线部分所修饰的名词）+一般疑问句（省略画线部分和它所修饰的名词）Im looking for my watch. Whose watch are you looking for ? 宾语的定语 宾语 疑问词 宾语 一般疑问句(省略掉my watch)4、对表语、宾语或状语提问，其语序是：疑问词+ 一般疑问句（省略掉画线部分）？ He lives in Beijing . Where does he live ? 状语 疑问词 一般疑问句（省略掉画线部分in Beijing ）5、对谓语和宾语提问，其语序是：疑问词(What)+ 一般疑问句（其中谓语动词要用do 的相对应形式代替, 省略掉宾语)He watches TV in the evening What does he do in the evening?He watched TV yesterday evening. What did he do in the evening?He is watching TV now. What is he doing now?He was watching TV at that time?. What was he doing at that time?He is going to watch TV this evening. What is he going to do?He has seen the film. What has he done ?巩固练习：一、对划线部分提问1.Jackoftengoestoworkbycar._Jack_towork?2.Sheworksonafarm._she_?3.SheplaysbasketballonSunday._she_basketball?4.Mysisterissleepinginherroom._is_sister_?5.Thedininghallisatthebackoftheschool._thedininghall?6.Sheish