初中动词不定式和动名词精讲及练习.doc

_初中动词不定式和动名词精讲考点1：动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式及特点动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“not to （do）”He asked me to play chess with him。他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带1o)1 saw a boy go across the road just now。我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to)The teacher told me not to be late again. 老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式动词不定式的用法2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。下面重点介绍几种用(1)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+ to do sth。结构)的动词有：begn(开始)，care(愿意)，ask(要求)，hope(希望)， learn(学会)， expect(期望)，want(想要)，wish(希望)， forget(忘记)，like(喜欢)， decide(决定)，try(尝试)， continue(继续)，er(比较喜欢)， pretend(假装)等。如I hope to see the famous scientist。( to see作hope的宾语)我希望看见那位著名的科学家。不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有： ready(准备好)， anxious(急于)，able能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sory(难过)， afraid(害怕)， pleased(高兴)， willing(愿意)等。如m glad to meet you。( to meel作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如： when to do(什么时候做)； how to do(怎样做)； what to do(做什么)； why to do(为什么做)； where to do(在哪丿L做)； which to do(做哪一个)等。如Idon t know what to buy for my mother。( what to buy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。（2.）不定式用作宾语补足语）不定式用作宾语补足语，也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb。+ to do sth。结构)动词有：ask(请)， force(强迫)，alow(允许)， expect(期望，盼望)， Invite(邀请)，want(要)，ell(告诉)， advise(建议)，help(帮助)， persuade(说服)， permit(准许)等。如Joan asked Mary to speak first。(Mary在句中作宾语， to speak补充说明Mary要做的事)琼请玛丽先说(3)不定式作目的状语不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面。如We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA。( to welcome作目的状语)我们跑过去欢迎来自美国的新朋友。(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语，将真正主语置后)To learn maths is very important。= It is very important to learn maths。学数学很重要。3。省略to的不定式使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to，被动语态时要补上to.常考的有Make sb. do sth.使某人做某事let sb. do sth。让某人做某事ake sb. do叫某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sh。do( doing)sth。注意某人(正在)做某多 see sb.do( doing)sth。看见某人(正在)做某事hear sb.do( doing)sth。听见某人(正在)做某事如:1 often see him run on the road。(省略to)我经常看见他在路上跑步。4。不带to的常用句型Why don t you do sth。?为什么不做某事?Why not do sth。?为什么不做某事?Would/ Could you please do sth。?请你做某事，好吗?Would/ Could you please not do sth。?请你不要做某事，好吗? would rather do sth。 than do sth。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事had better(not) do sth。最好(不)要做某事prefer to do sth。 rather than do sth。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事考点2动名词1。动名词的基本形式和性质(1)动名词是由“动词原形加-ing”构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。如：No smoking here。这里禁止吸烟。(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。如She is fond of collecting stamps。(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。Traveling abroad can be very exciting。(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。2。常见的可接动名词的动词短语有insist on(坚持) think of(想到) dream of(梦想) object to(反对) hear of(听说)look forward to(期望) feel like(想要) devote。to(致力于)get/ be used to(习惯于)be fond of(喜欢) be afraid of(害怕) be tired of(厌烦) succeed(成功)stop。from(阻止做) keep。from(阻止) prevent。from(阻止做depend on(依靠) spend。in(在花费) be interested in(对感兴趣)be proud of(以为骄傲/自豪)一从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest( )2. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying( )3. Youd better _ your bike _ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know. A. to have, mend B. have, mended C. have, to mend D. to have, mended( )4. - Look! The lights in the classroomare still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning them off B. turn them off C. to turn them off D. having turned them off( )5. “Cant you read?” the officer said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. point angrily( )6. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened( )7. The policeman warned the young man _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive( )8. - Whats the language _ inNew Zealand? - English. A. speaking B. spokenC. be spoken D. to speak( )9. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold. A. to go B. goes C. goneD. going( )10. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in( )12. A clock is made for _ us the time. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tells( )13. Youd better _ at home all the time. Its bad for your health. A. dont stay B. no to stay C. not stay D. not staying( )14. The students are busy _ ready for the exam now. A. getting B. get C. got D. to get( )15. The mother asked the boy _ down the ladder, but he went on _ instead. A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing二语法选择填空。Sometimes you just need a quick trip to the beach. I decided 1 Puerto Rico. The island,2 is a USA territory(地域), offers Americans all the comforts of domestic (国内的)travel. But Puerto Rico also has Caribbean beaches and Latin culture along 3 waterfalls and good food and drinks. We spent five days 4 on the beach, exploring old San Juan, hiking through the islands rainforest and, of course， enjoying tropical(热带的) drinks as we thought of _5 futures.Puerto Rico 6 two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. Prices tend 7 lower in the rainy months, April to November, but thats because you run the risk of 8 stuck inside your hotel room waiting for the rain to subside(减弱)。Traveling there last fall, I knew this going in, but was willing 9 my chances.We also spent a day 10 El Yunque, Puerto ricos famous tropical rainforest. Many visitors rent a car and made the trek(跋涉) 11 their own from San juan-its about 30 minutes away- 12 we booked a guided tour through our hotel that included 13 hike and swimming beneath a waterfall. There 14 several different places where you can swim, but be prepared for a bit of adventure, 15 slippery rocks and a river with a rope swing。() 1. A. to try B. try C. trying D