高中英语句子成分分析.ppt

句子的构成,句子成分,主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,主语,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,名词,主格代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,the+形容词,句子,谓语,谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成,一般在主语之后。Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasfinishedthehomework.,1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Whoknowstheanswer?6.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.7.Heenjoysreading.8.HesaidGoodmorning.,Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.,Hewantedtoleavehere.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.Heaskedwherehewas.,（三）宾语,宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,Pleasepassmethebook.Heboughtmesomeflowers.,(四)宾语补足语,宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。Ifoundthebookinteresting.DoyouhearTomsinging?Hemadehimselfunderstood.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语,副词,名词,(五)定语,Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),(副词),Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.,（六）状语,用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.,Hewent.Hewentthere.Hewentthereyesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotherbybikeyesterday.,（七）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:Be动词(am,is,are)感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come状态系动词seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.,Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.Theappletastesgood.,八、同位语,同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批“学生”)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的“我们”),句子分类,简单句,复合句,并列复合句,主从复合句,有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and,but,or,so等,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:,TomandMikeareAmericanboys.,Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.,由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。,五大基本句型,一:(主谓)二:(主系表)三:(主谓宾)四:(主谓间宾直宾)五:(主谓宾宾补),基本句型一:(主谓),谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。,如:Wecome.,(不及物动词),1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly,基本句型二：(是系动词)(表语),1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.,基本句型三:(主谓宾),此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。,(及物动词)(宾语),1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Hesaid“Goodmorning.”5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.,基本句型四:(主谓间宾直宾),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Givemeacupofteaplease.-Giveacupofteatomeplease.,givesbsth=givesthtosb,(及物)(多指人)(多指物),Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Hebroughtyouadictionary.3.Ishowedhimmypictures.4.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.5.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.,基本句型五:(主谓宾宾补),此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。,Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.,名词,形容词,介词短语,动词不定式,动名词,(及物)(宾语)(宾补),1.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.3.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.4.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.5.Isawthemgettingonthebus.,a.b.c.d.e.,1.Pleastellusastory._2.Shesmiled._3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._5.Pleaselookatthepicture._,d,a,b,e,c,Exercises:分析句子结构,Youareastudent.Hefelthappytoday.Whatyousaidmademehappy.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.Helikespopmusic.,划分句子成分,Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouvegottoschool.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyouvegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,IhappenedtobeUpstairsatdusk(whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,一)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,(二)挑出下列句中的表语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.,(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.,(五)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.