高考英语语法复习课件-不定式专题复习.ppt

动词不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词和副词的作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。一，不定式在句中的作用：1、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。eg:Tomakeanewdresstakesheralotoftime.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It+谓语+todoeg:Ittakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2：Its+n.+todoeg:Itsourdutytohelpthepoor.句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.注：for/ofsbtodosth为不定式复合结构。1)of引起的复合结构只能做主语。eg:Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.,2)for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。eg:Anothermethodisforthemtoleaveatonce.(表语)Wedbetterfindsomeworkforthechildrentodo.(定语)Heputthepaperondeskforyoutoread.(状语)Whathetoldhermadeitimpossibleforhimtogoonherwork.(宾语)Itscommonforleavestofallfromthetreesinautumn.(主语),2、做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)eg:Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).不定式toblame做表语,主动表被动.eg:Heistoblame.3).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;be是助动词，无词义,其主语为具体名词(人/事物);tobe可用begoingto或will/shall代替,此时不定式是谓语的一部分,而不是表语.eg:Sheistoreturnnextweek.Hewasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.,3.做定语:不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系.1).动宾关系:Ihavealotofworktodo.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.2).主谓关系:Sheisthebestpersontofinishthework.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboat.3).修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词.need,time,way,right,chance,courage,reason,wish,movement.eg:Thereisnoneedforhimtocome.Hehasnotimetoreadthebook.,4.做状语:1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/soasto表强调.eg:Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime.2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/tooto/onlyto结构中。eg:Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.,3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todoa).表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.eg:Imveryhappytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome.b).说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时,即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主动表被动.interesting,difficult,easy,important,possible,expensive,dangerous,useful.eg:Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Heisdifficulttoteach.,5.做宾语:不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的行为,这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的.1).下列动词只能加不定式做宾语.plan,choose,manage,learn,pretend,agree,decide,mise,prepare,offer,fail,hope,wish,expect,ask;demand,want,hesitate,2).不定式做动词tell,teach,know,show,findout,discover,see(understand)的宾语时,不定式前常加连接代词who,which,what和连接副词how,when,where构成不定式短语做宾语.eg:Idontknowhowtogetthere.注:why不能与不定式连用.3).begin,start,continue后接不定式,动名词意思一样.4).like,love,hate,prefer动名词表经常性的动作，不定式表一次性动作.,5).remember,forget,regret后动名词表已经做过的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作.6).stop,try,goon,mean,beafraid,propose后两者都可,但意义不同.proposetodo计划,打算做proposedoing建议做7).a).preferdoingtodoingprefertodoratherthandob).itsnousedoingitsuselesstodoc).beworthdoingbeworthyofbeingdonebeworthytobedone,6.做宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1).有些动词(短语)必须接to的不定式做宾补talk,ask,warn,want,allow,permit,order,advise,force,beg,cause,encourage,invite,persuade,get,require,prefer,call,leave,expect,use(allow/permit/advisedoingsth),四,不定式的时态和语态时态:三态todo/tobedoing/tohavedone一般式表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后发生eg:Wesawhimgototheshop.进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行.eg:Hepretendedtobeworkinghard.完成式表示不定式动作在谓语动作/状态前发生.Imgladtohaveseenyourmother.eg:Ihappenedtohavereadthebook.,动词不定式To的几种常见的省略形式,非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很复杂，现就TO在一些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。1感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看”：feel,listento、hear,let、make、have,see、watch、notice、observe、lookat.HenoticedTomtakeabranchofflowersinhishand.他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。Theteacherhasuswriteacompositioneveryweek.老师要我们每周写一篇文章。注：除let外其他在变成被动语态时要加上to。Thepersonwasseentoentertheshopbyus.我们看见那个人进了那家商店。,2当主句中存在do动词的任何形式，介词but后就省去to,而只接do(只是do动词，不能是其他行为动词)其结构为cannotdobut（do)，cannothelpbut(do)不得不等句型，eg.Shecandonothingbut/exceptsing.她除了唱歌什么也没做。Thereisnothinghecoulddobutplayalldaylong。他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。IcouldntdoanythingbutsleepIdidnothingbutwaitHehadnothingtodobutcry.Ihadnochoicebuttosleep,3不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带to也可不带。CanIhelp（to）carryitforyou?我可以帮你搬吗？Ihelpedhim（to）mendthebike.我帮助他修理自行车。4在hadbetter，wouldrather，ratherthan之后省略to。Youdbetternottellhimthenews.你最好不把这个消息告诉他。Ratherthanwaitanyone,Idecidedtogohomebytaxi.我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。,学习动词不定式时要特别注意以下几点：一、后接不定式的动词1.后接不定式做宾语的动词hope,agree,dare,decide,determinebegin,start,refuse,prepare,offermanage,try,aim,forget,remember，chooseseem,pretend,learn,love,hate等。(可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。)2.后接不定式作宾补的动词permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encouragewarn,adivse,persuadeforce,order,remind,teach等。(可记首字母：practicewapfort实践攻克堡垒。)3.后接不定式既作宾语又可作宾补的动词ask,beg,like,preter,help,promise,wish,want,expect等。（可记：请求、愿、助、诺、希望。）,二、不定式省略to的现象：1.在hadbetter,wouldrather,whynot,donothingbut,wouldratherthan以及情态动词后。如：Tomwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.Icoulddonothingbutwaitforyou.2.在see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe,let,make,have等感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但当这些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带to.如：Hesawtwomenentertheroom.Iwasmadetodoit三、不定式的否定式否定不定式时，否定副词not或never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。如:Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.,Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.(NMET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,高考题汇集：,3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET1998),toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedC.havinginvented,4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003),muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch,5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET95),A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,6.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.(MET97),tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking,7.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考),tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,8._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考),A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep,9.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考),settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考),A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying,11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考),tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade,12.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考),A.dontmakeB.notmake,C.notmakingD.nottomake,7.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking,8.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying,9.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends_averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.getB.gettingC.togetD.got,EXERCISES1.Youhadbetter_yourhaircut.A.hadB.haveCtogetDtohave2We_putthemeetingoffforaweek.AcanaswellB.willaswellC.shallaswellD.mayaswell3He_liveinthecountrythaninthecity.AprefersBlikestoChadbetterD.wouldrather4Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather_anastronaut.A.becomeB.tobecomeCbecomingDbecame,5Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning6-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing7Hewantstodonothingbutout.togogogoinggoes8Hewantstobelieveanythingbut_themedicine.AtotakeBtakeCtakeDtakes,9Comparedwithwomen.menalwaysprefer_athomeratherthan_somuchtimeshopping.Atofinish,tospendBtofinish,spendCfinish,spendDfinish,tospend,巩固性练习1.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.tobecleaningD.beingcleaned2Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.A.topersuadeB.tobepersuadedC.persuadingD.beingpersuading3Weagreed_here,butsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet,4-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisetheobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.todoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5LittleTomshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking,6Ivegotaterribleheadache.Itried_somemedicine,butitdidnthelp.A.totakeB.havingtakenC.takingD.tohavetaken7-Wouldyoujoinustonight?-I_,butIhavetopreparefortomorrowstest.A.wouldlovesoB.wouldlovetoC.wouldloveitD.wouldlove8Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnight,butIhadtofinishextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,9heletmerepeathisinstructions_surethatIunderstoodwhatwas_afterhewentaway.A.tomake,tobedoneB.making,doingC.tomake,todoD.making,todo10-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant_,butwhenIwasleaving,Icouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso11InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting,12Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.steelingC.tosettleD.beingsettled13.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold,14.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule_.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking15.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,but_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake,练习：1.Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwouldnthavetimeto_beforetheparty.(NMET2004全国卷I)A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange2.Myadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(NMET2004北京)A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake3.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen_,butImgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(NMET2004辽宁)A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard4.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.Itstimeforusto_ourstudies.(NMET2004辽宁)A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover,5.Thefluisbelieved_byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(NMET2004上海)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused6.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.(NMET2004福建)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Itseemsthathehasnopen_.(NMET2003北京春)A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith8.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(NMET2003上海春)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying,9.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.(NMET2003北京)A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.(NMET1996)A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Weagree_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.(NMET1995)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet12.Hurryup,heissure_forus.(NMET1995)A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.waitingD.beingwaited,13.Attheshopping-centre,hedidntknowwhat_and_withanemptybag.A.tobuy;leaveB.tobebought;leftC.tobuy;leftD.wastobuy;leave14.Shemadeacandle_uslight.A.giveB.gaveC.togiveD.given15.WhereshouldIsendmyform?ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace_.A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosendD.tosendit16.Itsnecessary_someEnglishgrammar.A.forusstudentstolearnB.forwestudentstolearnC.ofusstudentstolearnD.forourstudentslearning,17._kindtotheenemyis_crueltothepeople.A.Be;beB.Tobe;tobeC.Tobe;beingD.Being;tobe18.Nomatterhowbusyheis,he_atleast15minutesaday.A.makesarulereadB.makesarulereadingC.makesitarulereadD.makesitaruletoread19.IfMaryd