北京四中英语教研组长李俊和《阅读理解经典精讲》.doc

阅读理解经典精讲主讲教师：李俊和 北京四中英语教研组长开篇语试题简介阅读理解是高考英语的重点。得阅读者得天下，谁阅读好谁就考的好。 那么，具备什么条件才可以做好阅读理解试题呢？请注意以下六条要求：1、能迅速看准每一句的结构，找出主句的主语、谓语和宾语。2、有一定的词汇量和分辨词义词性的能力。3、能灵活运用所学过的语法和词汇知识，对影响意思理解的复合句、非谓语动词短语、关联词语、后置定语、省略、替代和跳跃等语言现象做出正确判断。4、有良好的思维能力。会边看边加工所得到的信息，从而做出正确的推理判断，综合概括，准确理解表面意思和深层含义。5、会精读，也会跳读和略读。6、具有相当的阅读实践经验和良好的语感及应有的异国文化知识。设问特点和常考问题高考阅读理解部分所问问题可分为四类，即主旨大意题，具体细节题，推断词义句义题和判断推理题。以下分别谈谈它们的设问特点和常考问题。 主旨大意题设问特点：1、考查全文主旨或段落大意。2、正确选项概括范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。3、错误选项的特点常常是太大，太窄或偏离主题，主观臆断。4、此类题数量较大，在20个题中约占57个。常考问题：1. The best title of this passage should be _.2. The key point of this passage is that _.3. The story mainly tells us _.4. The main idea of Paragraph 1 is _.5. What is the subject discussed in the text?具体细节题设问特点：1、考查事件，地点，人物，物品和观点的具体细节。2、问题一般比较直白。3、答案常常是原文的一句话或一个词，但可能变换了说法。4、错误答案明显与原文不符。5、也可能是常识错误导致选错答案。常考问题：1、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?2、When did the man come back?3、The right order which gives us examples is _.推断词义句义题设问特点：1、从原文中找单词，短语或句子设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同，无法望文生义。3、只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确。4、所考单词有的是生词，有的是旧词新意。5、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。6、错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意胡说。常考问题：1. What do you think of the underlined expression stands for?2. The word in paragraph refers to _.3. Which of the following words can take the place of ?判断推理题设问特点：1、考查暗含的信息，没有明说。2、在原文中一定可以找到暗示。3、设问含义深刻，不像细节题那么直白。4、正确选项既符合逻辑又与全文主旨一致。5、需从作者的角度推理，不要夹入考生自己想法。常考问题：1. We can infer from the passage _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. From the passage, we can tell _.4. The writer suggests in the beginning that _.5. We can conclude from the passage _.解题技巧主旨大意题1、首先要纵览全文，不可只看一段就判断。2、看清问题：是标题，全文大意，人物特点，结论，还是作者态度。3、原文如有标题，则标题常常反映了主旨大意。4、如问段落大意，应注意首句和尾句。5、如问全文中心意思，应注意首段和尾段。6、错误选项的特点是或太宽泛，或太狭窄，或太偏离原文。7、主旨信息常在for example之前，all in all之后。8、先做细节题和猜测词义题，后做主旨大意题。具体细节题1、看清问题的具体要求，即问的是什么。2、找准信息源，即含有信息的那一段或那一句。3、即使具体细节题也可能需要简单推理或计算。4、可在原文处标注重点词语，如数字，地名等。5、细节判断的依据有七个：时间，地点，类别，程序，因果，对比，主次。6、错误答案可能部分是正确的，或可能符合常识但不符合原文。推断词义句义题1、牢记没有上下文就没有意思。2、推断句义要看全段甚至全文。3、推断词义要回到原句中分析。4、正确理解作者在全文中的情感态度对准确判断至关重要。5、不要受平时该词最常见意思的影响。6、猜测词义句义的方法：英英释义，根据同位语，参照同义词反义词， 根据描写，关联 词，替代词和上下文。判断推理题1、认真审题，根据infer, imply等断定是否为推理题。2、搞明白：是对已知的联想，还是对未知的推测。3、主要方法：抓住关键词，结合全文，归纳演绎。归纳是具体到抽象，个别到一般，演绎是一般到个别，抽象到具体。4、注意话中有话。 5、做判断要有依据，仔细在原文中找出可做依据的蛛丝马迹。6、准确选项不会明说，简单抄自原文的选项一般是错的。7、推理要合乎逻辑规则，如因果，转折，让步，比较等。8、依据原文判断，牢记是在考原文作者的想法。原文是唯一判断依据。金题精讲Its not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年)-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that youll still be there for him when he needs you. Expect a lot from your child，just not everything. Except for health and safety problems，such as drug use or careless driving，consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something，dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist，the more likely that hell calm up. Instead，let him attempt to solve(解决)things by himself. At the same time，remind him that youre always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenagers privacy(隐私).Never read his mail or listen to personal conversations. Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the familys telephone for too long，tell him he can talk for l5 minutes，but then he must stay off the phone for at least all equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls，but teaches your teenager moderation(节制).Or if you are open to the idea，allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job. 68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents_.A. how to get along with a teenager B. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up69. What does the phrase “calm up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excited B. show respectC. refuse to talk D. seek help70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager_.A. to use the phone in a sensible way B. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone with friends D. to answer the phone quickly71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?A. Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs.B. Give him advice only when necessary.C. Let him have his own telephone.D. Not talk about personal things with him. 备考注意提高阅读理解能力应注意以下六点：1、保证一定的阅读量。2、有精读有泛读。 3、精读应以读近几年各地高考试题为主。 4、精读时应适当练习句子成分分析。5、精读时还要注意词义词性的辨别，后置定语，连接词语以及由动词形式变化反映的句意的变化。6、除掌握高考词汇表上的单词外，还应掌握考纲要求的构词法知识。 试题简介（1）一般考五篇文章，包括故事，新闻，科普知识，问题议论及应用文。有的地区最后一篇采取七选五的方式考核。（2）文章本身和所附问题共约2000-2200词。（3）要求在40分钟左右完成。（4）会有少量生词出现，有的注了中文，有的则需猜测。（5）有的旧词是以新的意义出现的。（6）不但考查语言而且考查对英美文化的了解。（7）阅读时会碰到的十大语言难点（长句的结构、词义的辨别、连词、替代、后置定语、非谓语动词短语、省略、跳跃、各种否定和虚拟语气。）（8）所附问题可分四类（概括中心、推理判断、词义辨别、细节的理解）。（9）主观题量逐年增加。应试要点（1）先将文章大概扫读一遍，再行阅读（2）如有标题，应仔细看，它与全文中心有关（3）遇有生词又猜不出意思，跳过去继续看（4）每段的首句尾句常与本段中心有关（5）概括全文中心意思要包括各段内容（6）猜词要依据原文上下文来确定（7）infer是指原文没有明说但可猜出之意（8）推理判断要以作者态度为准（9）有的题可根据常识理解（10）找具体信息时用跳读的技术（11）概括中心时用略读的技术（12