2017中考英语命题研究第二部分语法专题突破篇专题二代词精讲习题.docx

专题二代词贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.人称代词2.物主代词3.反身代词4.指示代词5.不定代词(some，any，no)6.疑问代词考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值人称、物主与反身代词201638人称代词this/that/it1分57物主代词her/his/its1分201532反身代词myself/himself/herself1分201441反身代词his/him/himself1分88名词性物主代词Imine1分201392反身代词ititself1分不定代词与相互代词201694相互代词each other1分201443复合不定代词something_new/nothing new/anything new1分201340复合不定代词something/anything/everything1分201286相互代词another/the otheranother1分指示代词201642疑问代词who/when/which1分201445指示代词thatthat/who/where1分201237指示代词that、疑问代词what，whothat/what/who1分分析贵阳近5年中考真题可以看出代词是贵阳中考近5年的必考点。在单项选择中每年均会设置两道试题，其中必有一道人称代词或物主代词的考查，另外一道轮流考查不定代词和指示代词。不定代词的考查点偏向指物的不定代词something/nothing/anything/everything的考查，也会涉及普通不定代词both/none/neither/either和相互代词another/other的考查。另外，完形填空中也会涉及不定代词的辨析。对人称代词与物主代词的考查可以分为以下几种情况：(1)物主代词：考查的四个选项设置均为同一人称的不同形式，且偏向第一人称和第三人称，注重形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词与人称代词的混合辨析。做此类题时，学生应首先判断句中所缺成分和人称，若其后紧跟名词，则为形容词性物主代词；若其后无名词，而是紧跟介词of或与名词词组并列，则为名词性物主代词。(2)人称代词：主要考查宾格形式，位于介词后或固定结构中。如：introduce sb.to sb.(把某人介绍给某人)。(3)反身代词和指示代词：重点在于基本的词义辨析。另外，完形填空中也会涉及代词的辨析，学生应联系上下文判断所指人称或所指事物的类别。词语运用偶尔也会涉及人称代词与物主代词的运用。预测2017年贵阳中考的单项选择题会考查一道人称代词与物主代词的辨析和一道不定代词的辨析。贵阳中考重难点突破代词人称代词主格(I，you，she等)宾格(me，you，her等)物主代词形容词性物主代词(my，your等)名词性物主代词(mine，yours等)反身代词(myself，yourself，themselves等)指示代词(this，that，these，those等)相互代词(each other和one another)疑问代词(构成特殊疑问句：who，what等)不定代词普通不定代词(some，any，few等)复合不定代词(anyone，nothing等)连接代词(引导宾语从句：who，what等)关系代词(引导定语从句：who，whose等)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词【满分点拨】一、人称代词人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语和表语；宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语。人称代词的人称、数和格的变化如下：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimsheheritittheythem二、物主代词物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词一般用于名词前修饰名词；而名词性物主代词本身就具有名词的性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”。如：This is my red schoolbag.This red schoolbag is mine.这个红色的书包是我的。物主代词具体分类如下：人称数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数形式mymine复数形式ourours第二人称单数形式youryours复数形式youryours人称数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第三人称单数形式hishisherhersitsits复数形式theirtheirs三、反身代词1反身代词的单复数形式表格如下：数人称单数复数第一人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves你们自己第三人称himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves他们自己她们自己它们自己2.反身代词的用法I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语)The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语)That poor boy was myself.(作表语)3反身代词的常用词组teach oneself自学learn by oneself自学enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴help oneself to随便吃(用)come to oneself苏醒hurt oneself受伤by oneself独自【考点抢测】一、词语运用。I，they，she，it，we1My parents showed _me_ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.2There are lots of restaurants in our town.And most of _them_ are clean and cheap.3Many people think Peng Liyuan is the most beautiful First Lady.And _her_ songs are also wellknown.4Kitty is the name of my pet._Its_ nose is very funny.5Its very important for us to learn how to learn by _ourselves_二、单项选择。(A)6.My daughter is a great fan of Justin._ has most of Justins CDs.AShe BHer CHe(C)7.We have noticed the problems，and we will discussed _ at the meeting.Ayou Bit Cthem(C)8.It is a good habit of _ to read a few lines before going to bed.AI Bmy Cmine(B)9.Mandy loves to see films.Transformers(变形金刚) is _ favorite movie.Ashe Bher Chers(B)10.Mom，Im old enough to wash _ own clothes and _You can have a rest after work.Amy；your Bmy；yoursCyour；my(C)11.Boys，dont lose _ in playing Angry Birds.It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time.Ahimself ByourselfCyourselves(C)12.We had a big meal and enjoyed _ at the party last night.Athemselves BmyselfCourselves不定代词【满分点拨】不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，兼有名词和形容词的功能，在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。一、普通不定代词1初中阶段常见的普通不定代词如下表：some，anyfew，littleother，anothermany，mucheither，neithereach，everyboth，allnone，one2.常考的几组易混不定代词辨析some与any，both，either与neither序号不定代词用法例句1some用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中Tom has some story books.Would you like some milk？any一般用于疑问句或否定句中Are there any apples on the tree？There arent any buses.2both表示“两者都”Toms parents are both doctors.either表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数Either of the books is interesting.neither表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数Neither of his friends has come yet.all，any与none相同点均用于三个或三个以上的人或物不同点all指“三个或三个以上的人或物”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，其反义词为noneany指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”，只能作定语none指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”，相当于not any注意：(1)no one用来指人，不能接of短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)none不仅指人也可以指物，其后常跟of短语。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。如：None of the information is correct.信息都不正确。None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.战士们都不怕困难。few，a few和little，a little如：The problem is too difficult.Few students can work it out.这道题太难了。没几个学生能做出来。She says little but does much.她说得少，做得多。each与every单词用法及意义例句each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个；意为“每个，各自的”，强调个体There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一边都有树和花。every强调整体，表示“每个都”；指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个Every student has read a poem.每个学生都读了一首诗。二、复合不定代词复合不定代词一直是贵阳中考的常考点，学生对此要熟练掌握。常见的复合不定代词如下：somebody(某人)anybody(任何人)nobody(没有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)no one(没有人)everyone(每人)something(某事)anything(任何事)nothing(没有东西)everything(每一件事)1由some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，也可用于建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。2由any构成的复合不定代词通常用于否定句和疑问句中。3复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。4当形容词或else(另外)修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。【考点抢测】(A)1.The girl in purple is new here，so _ people know her.AfewBa fewClittle(C)2._ of the computers are working because of the power failure.AAll BBoth CNone(C)3.There were only two paintings for sale and he bought _Aall Bany Cboth(B)4.How did you get the MP4，from a shop or by TV?_I always like shopping online.ANone BNeither CBoth(A)5.Do you think _ of the students can take part in the Marathon Skating?Certainly they can.In fact，they make good use of _ skating lesson.Aeach；every Bevery；eachCeach；all(A)6.They are able to talk openly to one another whenever _ of them feels hurt.Aeither Bboth Cneither(C)7.Tom，supper is ready.I dont want to eat _，mom.Im not feeling well.Anothing BsomethingCanything(A)8._ is waiting for you at the gate.He wants to say thanks to you.ASomebody BAnybodyCEverybody(A)9.You dont have a drink.Can I get you _？Asomething BanythingCnothing(C)10.What else do you want?_ else.I think Ive got everything ready.AEverything BSomethingCNothing指示代词和疑问代词【满分点拨】一、指示代词1指示代词的分类代词用法例句it特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物The book is mine.Its very interesting.one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一Who has a novel named Tiny Times？I have one.that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.this常用来指代离自己较近的人或物This is my friend.2.it的常见用法it可替代动词不定式作句中的形式主语或宾语，也可用于某些固定句型中。(1)用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：Itsadj.(for sb.)to do sth.Its important for us to work hard.对我们来说努力工作是重要的。Its time to do/for /thatIts time to get up.到起床的时间了。Its time for lunch/that we go home.到吃午饭的时候了。/到回家的时间了。It seems thatIt seems that he is quite happy.他看起来似乎很高兴。Its ones turn to do sth.Its your turn to sing.现在轮到你唱了。Itsadj.that从句It is necessary that we students do some reading every day.我们学生每天读书是必要的。(2)作形式宾语Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line？你认为学会排队是必要的吗？I found it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。二、疑问代词疑问代词主要用法例句who作主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后)Who wants to go with me？whomwho的宾格形式，作宾语To whom are you talking？whosewho的所有格形式，作表语、定语Whose book is this？what/whowhat询问某人的职业Wh