微电子专业英语课件.ppt

书名：微电子专业英语ISBN：978-7-111-31130-0作者：张红出版社：机械工业出版社本书配有电子课件,ZhangHongChangzhouCollegeofInformationTechnology,Micro-electronicProfessionalEnglish,ChapterIHistoryUnit1,ThefirstsevenbenchdiffusionfurnacesusedinthecornerofFairchildsPaloAltofacilitywereverysimilartofurnacesusedbyShockleySemiconductor.,TheFirstTransistorinFairchild,diffusionn.扩散，传播diffusionfurnaces扩散炉facilityn.设施,容易,熟练,设备,SupplementaryWords：diffusioncapacitance扩散电容,译文：处于困境中的仙童PaloAlto工厂使用的的第一批七台扩散炉和肖克莱半导体公司使用的扩散炉非常相似。,CecilA.Lasch,Jr.,atechnicianwhoworkedatFairchild,didmostoftheworkonthediffusionfurnacehardware.,译文：CecilA.Lasch,Jr，仙童公司的技术员，在扩散炉硬件上作出了大量工作。,ThequartztubeofFairchildsdiffusionfurnacehadaninnerdiameterof2andaquartzlinerbetweentheprocessingtubeandheatingelement.Averysimple“variac”adjustablevariabletransformerwasusedtocontrolthetemperatureofthesinglezone.,quartzn.石英tuben.管子,管,真空管diametern.直径transformern.变压器,SupplementaryWords：quartzcrystal石英晶体tubediode真空二极管,译文：仙童扩散炉的石英管内径，加工管和加热元件中间有一个石英衬垫。用一个非常简单的自耦变压器来控制单区的温度。,Thetubewasequippedwithanetworkofquartzpipes,quartzvalves,andflowmeters.Allsystemsresembledresearchlaboratoryequipmentratherthanindustrialmanufacturingequipment.,pipen.管子,笛子,烟斗,管乐器valven.阀门,阀,瓣膜,瓣,闸阀flowmetern.流量计resemblev.像,很像,比拟,译文：石英管配备有石英管、石英阀门和流量计组成的网络。所有系统都类似于研究实验设备，而不是工业制造设备。,Thewaferswerepushedintoandpulledoutofthetubesmanually.Coolingofwafersusuallytookplaceinacoolzonewithinthediffusiontube,whichallowedthewaferstocooltoatemperaturesuitableforhandling.,wafersn.晶圆,译文：手动把晶圆送入和退出石英管。晶圆冷却通常在扩散管的阴凉区内进行，使晶圆冷却到适合处理的温度。,Theprogrammedheatingandcoolingwasnotusedbecauseofthedifficultyinmaintaininggoodtemperatureprofiles.,profilen.规范概要,SupplementaryWords：ProgramOverviewandFile程序概要和文件,译文：不使用程序加热和冷却是因为它难以保持良好的温度分布。,Theusedgaseswerejustemittedintotheatmospherebyventsplacedjustabovediffusiontubeexhausts.,SupplementaryWords：exhaustvalve排气阀exhaustalgorithm穷举算法,ventn.通风口,开衩,通风孔,出口,排放exhaustn.排气，排气装置,译文：通过扩散管排气孔上方的通风孔把使用的气体通入到特定空间中。,Therewasno“cleanroometiquette”,andthechainsmokerRobertNoycefrequentlysmokedintheFairchildmanufacturingfacility.,etiquetten.礼节,礼仪,道德规范chainsmokern.老烟枪,SupplementaryWords：chainbreak链中断,译文：没有“洁净室规矩“，烟鬼RobertNoyce经常在仙童制造工厂内抽烟。,JayLast,whohadabackgroundinopticsfromthetimeofhisstudiesatMIT,pairedwithRobertNoyceanddesignedcontactmaskingequipmentthatalignedmaskstothewaferflat.,opticsn.光学MIT（MassachusettesInstituteofTechnology）(美国)麻省理工学院alignvt.排列，对准,SupplementaryWords：opticsdesign光学设计,译文：最后，在麻省理工学院学习过光学的Jay和RobertNoyce搭档，设计出了和晶圆表面匹配的接触式掩模设备。,ThestructureanddimensionoftheFairchildmesatransistorwasidenticaltotheBellLaboratoriestransistor2N560.ShockleyLaboratorywasprovidedwithalldetailsofnewBellLabsdevicesand“TheCaliforniaGroup”hadfullaccesstothisinformation.,mesatransistorn.台面型晶体管,SupplementaryWords：mesadiffusion台面扩散,译文：仙童台式晶体管的结构和尺寸和贝尔实验室的晶体管2N560相同。肖克莱实验室提供了新的贝尔实验室的所有细节，“加州集团“已充分获得此信息。,Thegeometryofthe2N560andtheFairchildtransistorwashuge.Thediameterofthemesaringwasapproximately750m.Alignmenterrorwasnotbetterthan100150m.,geometryn.几何,几何学,几何学书,图形,SupplementaryWords：GeometryTheoremProver几何学定理证明,译文：2N560和仙童晶体管的几何形状都很大。台式环的直径大约750m。对准误差不超过100150m。,Threemaskswerenecessarytocompletethetransistors:1)Emitterregion2)Baseandemittercontacts3)Metal,emittern.发出者,发射体basen.基区,SupplementaryWords：emitterfollower射极跟随器BaseBand基带,译文：完成晶体管需要三个掩模：1）发射区2）基区和辐射源的接触3）金属,Thewaferswereplacedwiththeirfrontside(resist)ontheemulsionsideofthemaskingplate,andexposedfor60secbymercurylamp.Theexposedwafersweredevelopedandbacked.,emulsionn.感光剂，乳状液maskingplaten.掩膜板exposev.使.曝光,使.处于,暴露,曝光mercurylampn.汞灯,SupplementaryWords：mercurytank水银槽,译文：晶圆的前端（抗蚀剂）放置在掩膜板有感光剂的一侧，用汞灯曝光60秒。曝光后的晶圆显影、烘烤。,TherewasacompetitionforsixweeksbetweenGordonMooreandJeanHoerni.Bothtransistorprojectsweresuccessful,buttheNPNtransistorwaseasiertomanufacture,mainlybecauseofthecontacttothebase.,译文：GordonMoore和JeanHoerni有六个星期的竞争。两个晶体管方案都成功了，但是因为基极接触，NPN型晶体管更容易制造。,ToformanAluminumohmiccontacttothemoderatelydopedAntimonybaseofaPNPtransistorismuchmoredifficultthaninthecaseofBorondopedbaseofanNPNtransistor.,aluminumn.ohmicadj.欧姆的ohmiccontactn.欧姆接触moderatelyadv.相当,不过分地dopev.掺杂antimonyn.锑boronn.硼,SupplementaryWords：ohmicresistance欧姆电阻dopedoxidediffusion掺杂氧扩散,译文：PNP晶体管中形成铝欧姆接触的中度掺杂锑基极比相同情况下NPN晶体管的硼掺杂基极要困难的多。,TheyieldoftheNPNtransistorswashigherandG.Moore,asheadofgroup,hadthepowertochoosetheNPNtransistorasthefirstFairchildtransistor.JeanA.HoerniwasclearlyunhappythathisPNPtransistordidnotprevail.SignificantdifferencesbetweenMooresandHoernispersonalitiesonlyincreasedtensionbetweenHoerniandhisboss.,yieldn.成品率prevailv.流行,优先,成功,获胜,SupplementaryWords：yieldcriteria合格率标准,译文：NPN晶体管的产量较高，GordonMoore作为集团的领导，有能力选择NPN晶体管作为第一个仙童晶体管。JeanHoerni显然很不高兴，因为他的PNP晶体管并不占上风。Moore和Hoerni的性格的重大分歧使Hoerni和他的老板之间的关系更加紧张。,Thefirst100FairchildtransistorsweremailedtoIBMinJuly1958.AtentativeSpecificationforthe2N696wasissuedinAugust1958andanadvertisingcampaignstartedinSeptember1958.TheFairchildsiliconmesatransistorssignificantlyimprovedseveraltransistorparametersandtherewasnocompetitorwhocouldoffersimilarproducts.,tentativeadj.试验的,暂时,犹豫的advertisingcampaignn.广告宣传siliconn.硅,SupplementaryWords：tentativetableofequipment试行设备表siliconMESFETprocess硅金属半导体场效应晶体管工艺,译文：1958年7月，第一批个仙童晶体管邮寄给，1958年月发行的规格暂定为2N696，1958年月开始广告宣传。仙童硅晶体管大大提高了几个晶体管参数，也没有竞争对手提供类似的产品。,In1959,therewere26companiesmanufacturingtransistorsandsalesoftransistorsreachedapproximately$0.8Billion.,译文：1959年，有个公司制造半导体，销售额约达亿美元。,InNovember1959therewasnoproductonthemarketthatcouldcompetewithportfolioofeightFairchildtransistors.Despitethattheyieldofmesatransistorswasverylow,Fairchildsalesreached$65,000.00inJulyandAugust1958becauseofthetransistorshighsellingprice.,portfolion.业务量despiteprep.尽管,译文：1959年月，市场上没有任何产品可以和八仙童晶体管相竞争。尽管台式晶体管的产量很低，但是由于晶体管的售价很高，1958年月和月仙童的销售额高达.万美元。,Exercise,Allsystemsresembledresearchlaboratoryequipmentratherthanindustrialmanufacturingequipment.,Thewaferswerepushedintoandpulledoutofthetubesautomatically.,ThestructureanddimensionoftheFairchildmesatransistorwasthesameastheBellLaboratoriestransistor2N560.,Alignmenterrorofthemesaringwaslessthan100150m.,ThePNPtransistorwaseasiertomanufacturethantheNPNtransistor.,Unit2,FairchildsepitaxialMicrologicproductlinewasintroducedinAugust1963attheWesternElectronicShowandConvention(WESCON);Fairchildaddednewelements(4-inputgate,halfshiftregisterwithoutinverter)totheirlinewhichreplacedcompletelytheoriginalMicrologicline.,TheHistoryofLogicCircuit,epitaxialadj.（晶体）取向附生的，外延的micrologicadj.显微科学的WESCON：WesternElectronicsShowandConvention西部电子展览和会议美shiftregistern.移位寄存器invertern.反相器,SupplementaryWords：shiftregisterlatch移位寄存器锁存电路,译文：仙童公司1963年8月在西部电子展览和会议（WESCON）上引入外延微逻辑生产线，仙童在他们的生产线上增加了新元件（4个输入门，不带反相器的半移位寄存器），完全取代了原来的微逻辑生产线。,TheproductmanagerforMicrologic,MelH.PhelpsannouncedatWESCON“anorderofmagnitudeincreaseindeliveriesofthenewMicrologic.”Thereducedtimeofisolationdiffusion,from22hoursto6hours,resultedinhigheryieldduetoreducedwaferwarpageandbreakage.,orderofmagnituden.数量级isolationn.绝缘，隔离，分离isolationdiffusionn.隔离扩散resultinv.结果是,造成warpagen.热变形，扭曲,SupplementaryWords：isolationbarrier隔离势垒isolationregion隔离区isolationmasking隔离掩蔽isolationleakage隔离漏流,译文：微逻辑的产品经理，MelH.Phelps在WESCON上宣布：“新的微逻辑传输增加了数量级。”绝缘扩散的时间从22小时减少到6小时，由于减少了晶圆的热变形和破损，使得产量提高了。,BobNoyceannouncedthatbyJanuary1964theMountainViewfacilitywouldbeconvertedtoproductionofintegratedcircuitsmainly,movingtransistorworktothePortland,ME.,plant.TheproblemwasthattheFairchildpartsbecameobsolete.,integratedcircuits（IC）集成电路obsoleteadj.废弃的,过时,废退的,过时的,SupplementaryWords：discreteIC分立集成电路,译文：BobNoyce说，到1964年1月，山景城设备将转换为集成电路的生产，把晶体管的生产移到波特兰、缅因州。问题是仙童的零件已经过时。,In1972BobNoycesaid“wepushedRTLmuchlongerthanweshouldhave.”TheintroductionofDTLbySigneticshadanenormousimpactontheindustry,becausedesignerswerequicklyaccustomedtoworkingwiththeconceptbehindDTL.,RTL：ResistorTransistorLogic电阻晶体管逻辑（电路）DTL：DiodeTransistorLogic二极管晶体管逻辑（电路）,译文：1972年，BobNoyce说：“我们推动的RTL远远长于我们预想的。”西格尼蒂克公司引进的DTL对工业产生了很大冲击，因为设计师很快习惯概念落后于DTL的方式工作。,TheoriginalfourfoundersofSigneticshadnocircuitexpertise.TheyhiredOrvilleBakerasthemanagerofcircuitdevelopment,andheunilaterallydecidedtogointoDTL.,unilaterallyadv.一方地,译文：西格尼蒂克最初的四个创始人没有电路专业技术。他们聘请OrvilleBaker作为电路开发的经理，OrvilleBaker单方面决定从事DTL。,Signeticscametothe1962IREshowinNewYorkwithexactlyonecircuit,aNANDgatewhichsoldfor$125.00.SigneticsneverstartedinthediscretecomponentbusinessbutquicklybeganaseriouschallengetoFairchildindigitalproducts.,IRE：InstituteofRadioEngineers无线电工程师学会（美,已改名为IEEE）NANDgaten.与非门discreteadj.分立的，不连续的discretecomponentn.分立元件,译文：西格尼蒂克1962年在纽约无线电工程师学会（IRE）使用一个电路，一个与非门售价125美元。西格尼蒂克从来没有着手分离元件业务，但是很快在电子产品方面对仙童发起了有力挑战。,Whenthereisnocompetition,almostanyonecanrunacompany.FromthestarttheFairchildmanagementhadanadvantagetobeaheadofthecrowdinamarketatleastbyayearandahalf.,thecrowdn.大众,译文：没有竞争时，几乎任何一个人都可以经营一个公司。最初，仙童公司经营在市场上占有很大的优势，比其他对手超前至少一年半。,WhenSigneticsbeganwinningthedigitalcustomers,andFairchilddigitalrevenuestartedtodecline,BobWidlarsanalogproductsmaintainedFairchildrevenue.Fairchildreportedtotalsales$109.7in1965;justover$40millionwasgeneratedbyhigherpricedlinearparts.TheproblemofmismanagementofFairchildwasforanotheryearortwohiddenbyWidlarssuccess.,revenuen.收入,收入来源,岁入hidev躲藏,隐瞒,遮掩,痛打,隐匿,SupplementaryWords：revenuebond收益债券revenuetax财政关税,岁入税hiddenfield隐式字段,译文：当西格尼蒂克开始赢得数字消费者时，仙童数字产品收入开始下降。BobWidlar的模拟产品维持着仙童的收入。仙童公司1965年报导的总销售是109.7美元，刚刚高于高价线性零件产生的4000万美元。在Widlar成功的掩盖下，仙童的管理不善的问题又持续了一两年。,Therequiredreliabilitytestinginvolvedputtingeachunitthrough1000hoursofelectriclifetestathightemperature,vibrationtest,etc.AnexplosivedemandforintegratedcircuitswhichwastriggeredbyalargequantityofMinutemancontractscaughttheindustrywithdemandinexcessofcapacity.,reliabilityn.可靠性vibrationn.振动，颤动vibrationtestn.振动测试explosiveadj.爆炸的,爆炸性,暴躁的triggervt.触发,发射,引起capacityn.容量，生产量，能力，地位,SupplementaryWords：reliabilitystatistics可靠性统计vibrationnoise振动干扰,译文：必须的可靠性测试包括在高温、震动等条件下测试每一个元件1000个小时的电气寿命。大量“民兵”合同触发了集成电路的爆炸性需求，引起了业界的超量需求。,Exactnumberswereclassified,butveryreasonableestimatescalledfortensofthousandofpartseverymonth.Everybodytriedtoclimbonthebandwagonatonce.Thecostofmanufacturing,cycletime,andoverallmanufacturingefficiencysuddenlybecameabigissue.,estimaten.估计,看法climbonthebandwagon赶时髦；追随潮流cycletimen.周期overalladj.从头到尾的,总,总的,SupplementaryWords：reliabilitystatistics可靠性统计vibrationnoise振动干扰,译文：确切的数字是机密的，但是非常合理的估计每个月有成千上万个零件。每个人都试图一次攀登上这个行列。制造费用、循环周期和全部制造效率突然变成了一个大的问题。,Thecircuitswereusedintheinertialguidance,computer,flightcontrolandgroundsupportforMinutemanII.Inadditiontothecurrentfoursuppliers(TexasInstruments18circuits,Westinghouse18circuits,RCAonecircuit,GeneralElectriconecircuit)fourothercompanieswereconsideringtoapplyforAutoneticsqualification.,inertialguidancen.惯性制导flightcontroln.飞行控制groundn.地,土,场地,场院,底子,地方TexasInstruments德克萨斯（德州）仪器Westinghouse美国西屋公司RCA：美国无线电公司GeneralElectric通用电气公司Autoneticsn.自动控制学qualificationn.资格,限制,执照,SupplementaryWords：inertialmass惯性质量gro