(精编版)语法专项《名词》.ppt

考点2名词,1.主要考查的知识点：(1)名词的词义辨析(2)可数名词单、复数变化形式(3)不可数名词的数(4)名词所有格(5)名词作定语2.复习重点：(1)掌握名词的准确意义和近义词的区别。(2)掌握可数名词变复数的规则变化和不规则变化。(3)掌握不可数名词可用作可数名词且词义发生变化的用法。(4)掌握名词“s”所有格和“of”属格的用法。(5)掌握名词作定语的用法。,(1)Hesaysthatphysics_veryinterestingandhelikesitverymuch.,以s结尾，仍为单数的名词多为学科名词，如：physics,linguistics,mathematics,politics,statistics,news,theUnitedStates,is,(1)Hetoldmethatthefurnitureinthathouse_new.,is,规则2:,表示一类事物总称的名词，常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”。如：machinery,furniture,equipment,technology,luggage,baggage,homework,evidence,规则1:,1.名词的数,(1)Theyare_.A.MathematicsstudentB.mathematicstudentsC.mathematicsstudentsD.studentsinmathematics(2)Foodand_aredailynecessities(需要)forthepeople.A.clothB.clotheC.clothesD.clothing,C,D,【翻译下列句子】,有些名词的单、复数形式表达不同的意思。如：chicken鸡肉/chickens小鸡；fish鱼(尾数)，鱼肉/fishes各种鱼；paper纸/papers试卷；water水/waters水域；room空间/rooms房间；time时间/times时代；arm手臂/arms武器等,(1)Shesaiditwasinterestingtoplaywiththechickensonhisunclesfarmlastweekend.(2)Lilysaidthatthechickenhermothercookedwasverydelicious.,规则3:,Hedoesntlike_forsupper.A.chickB.chickenC.chickensD.chicks,B,(1)Imtoldthattheyhave_ontheirfarms.我被告知他们农场有许多牛。,有些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义。如：people,police,cattle,_staff,_public,_theadj.,the分词(表示一类人),manycattle,规则4:,Myfamilyraisealotof_,includingtwo_.cattle,cowsB.cows,cattleC.cattles,cowsD.cow,cattles,A,(1)Myfamily_goingwithme.(2)Theaveragefamily_agreatdealsmallerthanitusedtobe.,对于集体名词，当它表示一个整体时，视作单数；当它侧重各个成员，视作复数,are,is,规则5：,(1)HowmanydeerarethereinDafengnow?(2)WeareallChinese,butheisJapanese.,规则6:,有些名词单复数同形。如：fish,deer,sheep,youth,Chinese,Japanese,means,species,crossroads,series,works,【读例句归纳】,由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”，一是合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。如：lookerson参观者，sonsinlaw女婿，editorsinchief主编，shoemakers鞋匠。二是如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词上加复数(词尾)。如：gobetweens中间人，grownups成人，followups续集，goodfornothings饭桶。三是man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，定语和被修饰词都变成复数。如：menworkers，womenteachers，gentlemenofficials,(1)Strangely,thereweremanylookersonthere,butnonewasbraveenoughtostopthefight.(2)Nowyouaregrownups,soyoushouldhelpyourparentssupportyourfamily.,规则7:,(1)Inthepast,_(大多数妇女)havemanychildreneach.,不规则名词的“数”：常用改变元音字母或词尾加en等方法构成，womanwomen,childchildren,oxoxen,toothteeth,goosegeese,footfeet,mousemice,phenomenonphenomena,analysisanalyses,mostwomen,规则8：,(1)Itssaidthat_(Brown一家)aregoingtocometoseeusthisweekend.,专有名词的“数”：在姓氏名词上加“s”变成复数，如：史密斯一家人(theSmiths)，两个玛丽two_Marys,theBrowns,规则9：,(1)ItsnecessaryforastudenttohaveaknowledgeofEnglish.,有些物质名词表示不同种类或表示“一种，一杯/罐/瓶”等数量意义时，可用作可数名词。抽象名词表示具体或特定事物时，可具体化，其前面须有不定冠词。如：apleasure/pity/surprise/success/failure/shame,anhonor/abrightfuture/astrongcharacter/agreathelp/awasteoftime,规则10：,2.名词所有格,英语中表示有生命名词的所有格时，在词尾加“s”，如：theboysbag，mensroom。此外，表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“s”来表示所有关系，意为：“的”，如：ateachersbook，atwentyminuteswalk,tenmilesjourney，twopoundsweight,tendollarsworth,(1)Itstenminutesdrivefromheretomyschool.(2)Childrensbookshouldbesimplewithinterestingpictures.,规则1：,(1)Haveyoueverread_?A.todaynewspaperB.newspapertodayC.newspaperoftodayD.todaysnewspaper(2)Theyare_ofdifferentpresses().Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe_office.A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chiefsB.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chiefsC.editors-in-chiefs,editors-in-chiefsD.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chiefs,D,D,(1)Studentsuniformsshouldbeclearandlovely.,of属格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers,规则2：,若名词已有复数词尾s，只加“”，如：theworkersstruggle,(1)BeijingisthecapitalofChina.,北京是中国的首都。,规则3：,The_werecoveredwith_.A.roofsoftheroom,leavesB.roomsroofs,leavesC.roofoftheroom,leaveD.roomsroof,leave,A,【英译汉】,(1)MarysandJoanscoatsaredifferent.(2)MaryandJackshouseisverylargeandbeautiful.,两件,两人一个房子,规则4：,如果两个名词并列，若分别有加“s”，则表示“分别有”；若只有后一个名词加“s”，则表示两个“共有”。如：JohnsandMarysrooms(两间)；JohnandMarysroom(一间),Themotheroverthereis_mother.JuliaandMaryB.JuliaandMarysC.JuliasandMarysD.JuliasandMary,B,(1)Alicetoldmethatshewouldgotothechemists,forherfatherdidntfeelhimself.,省略格：在表示店铺或教堂，诊所的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词，如：在诊所atthedoctors；在我姐家atmysisters,规则5：,他说他是从他的哥哥的一个朋友那学会的。,双重格：of名词“s”结构，如afriendofmyfathers,worksofLuXuns,Hesaidthathelearntitfromafriendofhisbrothers.,规则6：,3.名词作定语,(1)Theresa_(stone)bridgeovertheriver.(2)Herdaughterworksina_(shoe)shop.(3)Therearethree_(woman)_(doctor)inthatclinic.(4)Weholda_(sport)meetingeachterm.,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空,stone,shoe,women,doctors,sports,名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。,名词作定语时通常用名词的单数形式。如：ashoeshop(鞋店),streetlamps(路灯),abookcase(书柜)等等，如：(1)、(2)。,规则1：,SisterCarrieworksina_factory.A.shoesB.shoessC.shoeD.shoes,C,规则2：,man和woman作定语时，常用“单单(awomandoctor)”、“复复(twowomendoctors)”式，如：(3)。,规则3：,名词clothes,sports,parents,sales,arms等用复数形式作定语。如：armscontrol(武器控制),sportsmeeting(运动会),clothesshop(服装店),customsofficer(海关人员),salesmanager(销售经理)等，如：(4)。,Therearethree_inourfactory.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorD.womendoctor,B,【高考链接】,1(2009江西卷)The_shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto_car.Agirls;TomsBgirls;TomsCgirls;TomsDgirlss;Toms,C,解析：句意：“那些女孩子的鞋子沾满了泥巴，因此在上汤姆的车之前我让她们把鞋子脱掉。”由后文的them可知，此处的girl应为复数形式，因此其所有格形式应该是girls形式，而名词Tom的所有格直接在其后加s即可。,2(2009安徽卷)Chinahasgotagood_forfightingagainstthefluwithitscarefulandsmoothorganization.AreputationBinfluenceCimpressionDknowledge,解析：句意：“在抗击流感方面，中国以细致和流畅的组织获得良好的声誉。”reputation声誉；influence影响；impression印象；knowledge知识。,A,3(2009福建卷)TheWorldHealthOrganizationgaveawarningtothepublicwithoutany_whenthevirusofH1N1hitMexicoinApril,2009.AdelayBeffortCscheduleDconsideration,解析：句意：“当H1N1病毒在2009年4月在墨西哥爆发时，世界卫生组织立即向公众发出了警告。”withoutdelay(immediately)立即，毫不延迟地。,A,4(2009浙江卷)Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy_tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.AaccessBpassageCwayDapproach,解析：句意：“设计这个系统的目的是让学生迅速、方便地使用图书馆的数字资源。”accessto固定短语，意为“有权使用，有机会接近”。,A,名校模拟演练,1(2010山东潍坊质量监测)IamreallyabitworriedbecauseIhavenoideawhatmyparents_willbetomypoorexaminationresult.AexpresssionBreactionCappearanceDexpecta