最全的名词的所有格讲解.doc

_名词的属格一、s属格1.一般在单数名词词尾加s Mikes pen the boys mother her fathers study2.以s结尾的单数名词或专有名词加 或s The hostesss photo Thomass book Keats poem3.以s 或s 结尾的复数名词只加 The workers suggestion two hours walk4.不规则复数名词在词尾加 The childrens mother mens room5.复合名词所有格在最后一个名词后加s His son-in-laws carHis sons-in-laws car 几个女婿共有的一辆车 His sons-in-laws cars 几个女婿各自的车 Many passers-bys help 许多过路人的帮助二、应用1.用于表示有生命的 Johns car a girls school 一所女子学校 the heroes return 英雄们的归来 a doctors degree 博士学位 a childrens hospital一所儿童医院 my brother-in-laws car 我姐夫的汽车 somebody elses unbrella别人的伞 a week or twos delay一两个星期的耽误 the President of Americas plane 美国总统的飞机2.表示时间、距离、国家、城市、重量、价值 Todays paper a years time five minutes walk= a five-minute walk A pounds weight four dollars worth3.名词之后有同位语时，把s 加在同位语的词尾而形成所有格 Have you seen my brother, Johns bicycle? I bought this book at Smith, the booksellers 我是在书商史密斯那里买的书若同位语时由and连接的两个名词组成，或者同位语后有介词短语，则s应加在同位语前的名词后 I bought the book at Smith, the bookseller in Main Street. These works were Lu Xuns, the great revolutionary and writer.4.表示两者或以上共同所有把s加在最后的名词上 My father and mothers friends Tom and Henrys room faces north.5.表示各自拥有时 Toms and Henrys rooms face north. Japans and Americas problems6.用于集体名词 The governments policy政府的政策 The Partys leadership7.表示文化艺术及工业、科技等名词 Industrys development 工业的发展 Sciences wonders 科学的奇迹8.表示某人的家或店铺，所有格后的名词常常省略 go to Toms = go to Toms house at the tailors = at the tailors shop 裁缝铺 the barbers = the barbers shop the Zhangs张家 at the doctors 在诊所9.习惯用语 a childs play 容易干的事 a stones throw 一箭之遥 a cats paw 受人利用的人 in ones minds eye 在某人心目中 at deaths door 濒临死亡 at ones wits end 黔驴技穷 at ones fingers end易如反掌10.用于表天体的名词后：themoonsrays月光theearthssurface地球表面三、所有格的语法功能 The teachers is at the end of the street.老师的家在街道尽头（主语） I first saw her at my aunts 在我姑姑家（状语） This ruler is mine, but that one is Jims （表语）四、s与of 属格的比较 1.表示所属关系时很多情况下可以互换 the boys arrival = the arrival of the boy Mr. Smiths passport = the passport of Mr. Smith a cats tail = the tail of a cat the governments plan = the plan of the government2.不可互换的情况 1）必须用s的场合 当被修饰的名词后面有同位语时 He is my brothers friend, a doctor. Li Huas brother, a PLA man, is very good at English 表示分类时 He received a doctors degree last year Have you a copy of the teachers book? 2) 只用of 的场合 of + 名词结构中，名词后有修饰语或同位语时 He was very excited at the words of the people present at the party. Have you seen the new car of the boy who talked with us just now? of 表示同为关系时 The city of Beijing 北京市 The two of us 我们俩 用于无生命的事物时：thesubjectofthesentence句子主语当中心词是名词化的名词时：thelifeofthepoor穷人的生活五、双重属格 1.使用双重属格应注意：of 前面的名词一定要有一个a an , two, any, some, several, no, few, another,或 this, that, those修饰语（不可以是one 或the） I like to read a novel of Lu Xuns Do you know any friend of my husbands Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us.That car of Peters is always breaking down.Its another book of my fathers注意: I like books of your brothers错 I like the book of your brothers 错2.of 前面的名词不能是专有名词 This is Joan of his aunties.错3.of后面的名词必须是特定的 These books of my friends are interesting 不说：These books of a certain friends are interesting.4. of后面的名词必须是指人的词 不说：It is leaf of the books.5.a (this, some) + 名词 + of +s所有格表示部分概念，也表示某种感情色彩 He is my fathers a friend.错 He is a my fathers friend 错 He is a friend of my fathers.对I like that watch of your brothers.That is no fault of Johns.This picture of your sisters is really beautiful.（表赞赏）Look at that ugly face of Kers.（表示厌恶）6.“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物我们可以说：aplayof Shakespeares（莎士比亚的一个戏剧）afriendofmywifes（我妻子的一个朋友），但却不能说afunneloftheships或alegofatables7.注意区别下列四种表达方式含义的差别：oneofmybrothersfriends（明确表示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友）afriendofmybrothers（暗示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友）afriendofmybrother（对我兄弟有好感的人）mybrothersfriend（我兄弟唯一的一个朋友或刚谈及的那一个朋友提示： 1.两种属格互换有时意义不大 A friend of her mothers她母亲的一位朋友（强调其中一位） A friend of her mother. 她母亲的朋友（强调对她母亲友好