2011高考英语一轮复习--语法专项课件课件(十三)句式结构.ppt

(十三)句式结构一、祈使句1.祈使句的否定式是在句首原形动词前加dont或never。Pleasedontforgettotakeyourmedicine.2.祈使句的反义疑问句是在句末加“willyou？”。Haveanotherpieceofcake，willyou?Dontmakeanynoise，willyou?3.祈使句前加助动词do用来加强语气。Doturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.4.祈使句可以带主语。,(1)为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时，需加上主语“you”，有时还可同时加上称呼语。Tom，youwatertheflowers!(2)命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”。You，girls，cleanthedesks，you，boys，sweepthefloor.(3)表达“不高兴、厌烦”等情绪时，可带主语“you”。Youmindyourownbusiness！你少管闲事！(4)祈使句的主语还可用“everybody，everyone，somebody，somone，nobody”或第三人称。Someoneanswerthephone！谁去接一下电话！,5.以Lets或Letus开头的祈使句。Lettgetdowntowork，shall_we?Letuscalmdown，will_you?6.构成句式：祈使句and/or简单句。MakeamoveandIllshoot.(Ifyoumakeamove，Illshoot.)Goaway，orIwillcallthepolice.(Ifyoudontgoaway，Iwillcallthepolice.)二、感叹句1.基本句式(1)Whata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓语Whatacleverboyheis!,(2)What形容词不可数名词主语谓语Whatfineweatherwearehavingtoday!(3)What形容词复数名词主语谓语Whatbeautifulflowerstheseare!(4)How形容词或副词主语谓语Howhighthemountainis!2.特殊句式(1)How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语Howdifficultaproblemitis!(2)How主语谓语Howweloveourmotherland!,三、therebe句型1.Therebe句型是一种特殊句式，表示“在什么地方存在什么人或事物”。在此句式中，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。Thereisatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Therearemanydesksandchairsintheroom.2.therebe句式中的be有时可用seemtobe，happentobe，usedtobe，havetobe等替代。Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithme.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.3.therebe句式中的be可用remain，live，stand，lie，exist等不及物动词替代。Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.,Nooneknowsexactlyifthereexistotherlivingthingsintheuniverse.4.therebe句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：therebeing和theretobe。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness，Ideclaredthemeetingclosed.由于没有其他事情，我宣布散会。Idontwanttheretobeanotherconflict.我不希望再有冲突发生。5.用于组成特殊句式。(1)thereisnouse/point/sense(in)doing.“做某事没用或没意义”。Thereisnopoint(in)worryingaboutit.(2)thereisnodoubtabout./thereisnodoubtthat.“毫无疑问”。Thereisnodoubtthatshehastoldthetruth.,(3)thereisnoneedfor./thereisnoneedtodo.“没有必要”。Thereisnoneedtohurry，isthere?(4)thereisnodoing.“不可能；无法；没有办法”。Thereisnoknowinghowlonghemightbeaway.无法知道他要离开多长时间。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事不可开玩笑。四、强调句型1.强调句型用于强调陈述句。形式：itis/was被强调部分that/who.ItisIwhoamtoblame.应受责备的是我。,2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。形式：is/wasit被强调部分that/who.?Wasitin1896thatthemodernOlympicGamesstarted?此时，还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。IwonderifitisProfessorWangthatteachesyouEnglish.3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。形式：疑问词is/wasitthat.?Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?打破窗子的是谁？此时，强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。Idontunderstandwhyitisthatsmokingisnotallowedhere.,4.强调句型用于强调not.until.句型。形式：itis/wasnotuntil被强调部分that.Itwasnotuntiltenoclockthathewenttobed.5.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别。判断是否为强调句型，可先把itis/was.that/when/where/since.去掉，如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子，那么就是强调句型，否则就不是。ItwasonJanuray1stthatIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas.that.后：OnJanuary1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.很明显句子是完整的，所以这是一个强调句型。句意是“我是在元月一日拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”),ItwasJanuary1stwhenIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas.when.后：January1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.显然句子不完整，所以这不是一个强调句型，而是一个带有时间状语从句的复合句。句意是“那天是元月一日，我去拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”)五、倒装句1.全部倒装下列情况下，句子要使用全部倒装(1)表示方位的副词(如up，down，out，in，away，round，here，there)放在句首，句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动物(如go，come，run，rush，fly)，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。,HerecomesthetraintoBeijing.但主语如果是人称代词，则句子不用倒装，主语仍置于动词之前。Thedooropenedandinshecame.【注】在全部倒装句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不能用进行时、将来时或完成时态。(2)表示时间的副词now，then放在句首，句子的谓语动词是come，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。Nowcomesyourturn.(3)介词短语放在句首作状语，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词(如lie，stand，sit，exist，stretch，come)或系动词be，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。Afterthebanquetcameafireworkdisplayinthegarden.,(4)代词such放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be。Sucharethefacts；noonecandenythem.(5)分词短语放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be，主语是名词。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout17.2.部分倒装下列情况下，句子要使用部分倒装：(1)“only副词、介词短语或从句”放在句首时。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(2)含有否定意义的副词(如never，seldom，little，nowhere，hardly等)放在句首时。Neverinhistoryhastechnologymadesuchrapidprogress.,(3)“notan.”“notasinglen.”“notonce”或“notuntil.”等短语放在句首时。Notaworddidhesayatthelastmeeting.(4)表示否定意义的介词短语(如atnotime，onnoaccount，undernocircumstances，bynomeans，innoway等)放在句首时。UndernocircumstancescouldIagreetosuchaprinciple.(5)在hardly.when.，nosooner.than.，notonly.butalso.引导两个分句时，如把hardly，nosooner或notonly放在句首，前一个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装，后一个分句中则不用倒装。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.(6)在“so助动词主语”和“neither/nor助动词主语”中。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends；sodothosewithdisabilities.,Idontknow，nordoIcare.(7)在“soadj./adv.that.”句式中，如将“soadj./adv.”放在句首时。Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.Soloudlydidhespeakthateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.(8)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had，were或should时，如将if省略，则要将had，were或should等移到主语前。Haditnotbeenforyoursupport，Iwouldnothavesucceeded.Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.,过关落实1.ItsalongtimesinceIsawmysister._herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydontvisit解析：“whynotdo.”means“whydontyoudo.”用来提出建议“为何不”。答案：A2.Myroomgetsverycoldatnight._.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes解析：“so助动词主语”表示前面出现的情况同样适用于后者。答案：C,3.Idontmindhercriticizingme，but_ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which解析：强调句型中只能用it。答案：A4.Youhavefailedtwotests.Youdbetterstartworkingharder，_youwontpassthecourse.A.andB.soC.butD.or解析：并列连词or译为“否则”。答案：D,5.Whenyouvefinishedwiththatbook，dontforgettoputitbackontheshelf，_？A.doyouB.dontyouC.willyouD.wontyou解析：否定祈使句的反意疑问句应用“willyou？”。答案：C6.Helpotherswheneveryoucan_youwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.A.andB.orC.unlessD.but解析：祈使句and简单句。答案：A,7.Jackboughtanewmobilephonetheotherday._？Thatshisthirdoneinjustonemonth.A.HadheB.DidheC.DoesheD.Hashe解析：由上下文可知，应用一般过去时。答案：B8.Youshouldapologizetoher，Barry._，butitsnotgoingtobeeasy.A.IsupposesoB.IfeelsoC.IprefertoD.Iliketo解析：“我也这么认为。”是简略答语。答案：A,9.Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe，northewaytheyappeartobe，_thewaytheyactuallyare.A.asB.orC.butD.and解析：“not.nor.but.”表示“不是，也不是，而是”。答案：C10.Thelittleboycameridingwithfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle._itwas!A.WhatadangeroussceneB.WhatdangerousasceneC.HowadangeroussceneD.Howdangerousthescene解析：感叹句whata/anadj.单数可数名词主语谓语。答案：A,11.Davidsaidthatitwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature_hechosethecourse.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how解析：此句包括了itwas被强调的原因状语that句型结构。答案：A12.Sodifficult_ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadv