高三英语阅读理解.ppt

高三英语专题复习,英语阅读理解技巧,阅读理解的要求,要求学生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：1理解语篇主旨大意2理解文中具体信息3根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义4根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理5理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系6理解作者的观点，意图和态度,阅读理解对学生提出如下能力要求,一题材分析能力二题干分析能力三猜词能力四综合应用语言能力,一：题材分析能力,高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一般有这样几种文体，即记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和论述文。不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次。,二：题干分析能力,从阅读题的题干入手，题目可分为以下三种类型细节理解题主旨判断题推理判断题,细节理解题,细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。,细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?2)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept_.3)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat_.4)Thereasonfor.is.5)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).6)Fromthepassageweknowthat_.,ManyAmericanpresidentsinthe19thcenturywereborninpoorfamilies.Theyspenttheirchildhoodinlittlewoodenrooms.Theygotlittleeducation.WashingtonandLincoln,forexample,neverwenttoschoolandtheytaughtthemselves.Lincolnoncedidjobsofaworker,shop-keeperandpostofficerinhisearlyyears.AlargenumberofU.Spresidentshadexperiencesinthearmy.ThetwobestknownwereUlyssesGrantandDwightD.Eisenhower.GrantwasageneralintheAmericanCivilWarandEisenhowerwasaherointhesecondWorldWar.IthappenedthattheygraduatedfromthesameschoolWestPointMilitaryAcademy(西点军校),1,Q:PresidentEisenhowerbecamewell-known.A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWarC.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarII.,EisenhowerwasaherointhesecondWorldWar.,InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.,2,However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing，singing，making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“Itsreallyahardjobforme.Iwontenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，IdlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.,Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,MissAsiaof1991,BorninShanghai,designedAsiaTVStation,主旨判断题：,主旨判断题就是考查文章的大意，考查学生归纳总结能力，一般我们可根据如下几个因素来判断：短文标题、主题（Title）；大意段落大意（Mainidea）,主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1）Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout_2）Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage？3）Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily_4）Thepassageismostlyabout_5）Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout_6）Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？7）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？8）Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_9）Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto10）Thepassageismeantto.11）Thepurposeofthisarticleisto,技巧：1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。例如：Onthewhole,inshort,thereforeIagreewiththeopinionthatForallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer,掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。,Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Theythingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.,3,Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChildsActions.,TopicSentence:Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.,Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.,5,Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.HowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams,TopicSentence:Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth,推理判断题：,技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。,有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_.2)Fromthetextweknowthat_.3)Thestoryimpliesthat_.4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_.5)Thewritersattitudetoward.is_.6)Theauthorimplied（suggested）that7)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat8)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？9)Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？,Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“ImmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”,8,Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment，itwas_.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects,Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK，theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.MrNeffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.MrNeffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesntaskquestions；heanswersquestions.Heneversays，“Idontknow.”,9,Q：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewritersattitude（态度）towardsMrNeff?A.HefindsMr.NeffhardtounderstandB.HethinksMr.NeffwonderfulC.HefeelspityforMr.NeffD.HedoesnotlikeMr.Neff,三：猜词能力,主要要求学生根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有：1）Theunderlinedword/phraseinthepassagemeans_2）Thewordit/theminthefirstparagraphrefersto_3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？,（一）根据常识、经验猜生词例如：TheoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoreadThedoorwassolowthatIhittheheadonthelintel,（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有：1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词。例如：Theharborisprotectedbyajettyawallbuiltoutintothewater2利用事例或解释猜生词。例如：Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye3利用重复解释的信息猜生词。例如：Mr.Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually，neitherearlynorlate,4根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接。a），andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples，whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon（orOldEnglish），aGermaniclanguageb）TheChunnel，atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance，isnowcomplete,（三）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义OneoftheobstaclestofalsereadingisvocalizingsayingthewordstothemselvesinalowvoiceTheearlyscientificstudyofchemistry，knownasalchemy，grewupinEgyptinthefirstfewcenturiesAD,（四）根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。Hehasbeengettingbetter，butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated,（五）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如（NMET2002，B篇）MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpref