天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习第三部分阅读理解专题能力训练十一阅读理解二.docx

专题能力训练十一阅读理解(二)A(2017天津红桥区二模,B)Long ago,poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics,they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.Now,poetry competitions have been revived.This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest,performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.The first competitions were held in classrooms.The winners went on to schoolwide contests,and then they competed in city and state competitions,and then the 50 state champions,along with the District of Columbia champion,came to Washington,D.C.,last week for the last showdown(对决).After the 51 champions competed against one another,12 went on to the finals.Then the field was narrowed to five.The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem.The overall champ,Jackson Hille,a high school senior from Ohio,won a $20,000 scholarship.The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on the page.Its not just a matter of saying the words in the right order.Its the tone of voice,the pauses,the gestures,and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life.“Each time we hear somebody recite a poem,we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it,”says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon,master of ceremonies for the finals.Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience,memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way.Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了很久以前诗歌是大声背诵出来的,而不是写下来的,而现在诗歌比赛已经复活,重新受到青睐。1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknow.A.theGreekswerethefirsttowritepoemsB.theOlympicsusedtostartwithpoemrecitingC.poemswerespreadorallyinthepastD.athleteswereaskedtorecitepoemsbeforecompeting答案:C解析:推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,在很久以前诗歌是大声背诵出来的,而不是写下来的。故选C项。2.HowmanyroundsofcompetitionsdidthechampionstakebeforetheywenttoWashington,D.C.?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.答案:B解析:数字细节题。由第三段内容可知,在前往华盛顿参加决赛前,选手要进行competitionsheldinclassrooms,schoolwidecontests,citycompetitions,statecompetitions这四轮比赛,才最终可以参加在华盛顿举行的决赛。故选B项。3.Accordingtothepassage,hearingapoemrecitedinanewvoicecan.A.bringanewlifetolistenersB.helplistenersfindtheirinterestC.makelistenerslearnthewordsD.offersomethingnewtolisteners答案:D解析:细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段,尤其是最后一句“Hearingitinanewvoiceofferssomethingnewtothelistener.”可知,听到一首诗歌用一种新的声音背诵出来会给听众带来新的感受。4.OnebenefittheparticipantsgetfromacompetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheycan.A.becomeconfidentwhilespeakinginpublicB.writegoodpoemsthemselvesC.changetheirattitudestowardslifeD.makefriendswithmanygreatpoets答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“AnotherbenefitofacompetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheparticipantslearnpublic-speakingskillsthatcanhelpthemforlife.”可知,A项正确。5.Whatsthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RecitingpoemsimprovesyourmemoryB.RememberingalotofpoemsisfunC.PoetshaveagreattimeD.Poetryrocksthemicrophone答案:D解析:主旨大意题。该文重点说明了背诵出来的诗歌及其益处,D项突出了主题,故选D项。BThereisaveryspecialwolfthatlivesinAfrica.Theyareactuallycalled,theAfricanwilddogs,orpainteddogs.Theseanimalsliveinopenwoodlands,orintheplainsofAfrica.Today,however,mostoftheanimalscanbefoundineasternorsouthernAfrica.Theseanimalsarebeautiful.Theyhaveroundedearsinsteadofpointedlikemostdogs,andtheyhavefourtoesoneachoftheirfourfeet,alsoauniquecharacteristicbecauseotherdogshavefive.Theirfurisalwaysdifferentfromeachother.Thefurisusuallyacombinationofblack,brown,redandwhite,andsometimesevenyellow.Nowondertheyrecalledthepainteddogs.TheAfricanwilddogisaverysocialanimal.Theyliveingroupsandhavenumbersfromfivetoabouttwenty.Themembersofagrouparealwaysveryclosetooneanother.Theycommunicateintheirownlanguageorbodylanguage.Whensomeoneisveryoldorsick,theotherswillhelp,andtheyarewillingtosharethefoodwiththeeldersandwiththosewhoareweak,whichiswhatweshouldlearnfrom.Thefamilydoeseverythingtogether,fromraisingyoung,tosleepingtogether,tohunting.Whentheyhunt,theywillworktogetherusingteamworktokillanimalsthatarelargerthanthem.Theysometimeshuntfarmanimals.Thisisunfortunate,becausebothpoachers,andpeoplewhoownfarmsshootthepainteddogswhoarejusttryingtosurvive.Before,thereusedtobemanylargegroupsthroughouttheland,butnowtheAfricanwilddogisveryrare.Theyarealsolosingtheirpopulationbecauseoftheirownlossofhabitatthankstohumansfarmingandforestcutting.【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章介绍了非洲野狗的相关信息及其生存现状。6.FromthepassagewelearnthattheAfricanwilddog.A.livesinthenorthofAfricaB.hassixteentoesaltogetherC.haspointedearslikemostdogsD.livesinforestsingroups答案:B解析:推理判断题。根据第二段第一句内容可知,非洲野狗出没在开阔的林地或平原,故D项错误;根据第二段第二句可以推断出A项错误;根据第二段的“Theyhaveroundedearsinsteadofpointedlikemostdogs.”可知,C项错误;由第二段第四句可知,B项正确。7.WhydoAfricanwilddogsgetthename“painteddogs”?A.Theyallhavecolorfulfur.B.Thedogsinthesamegroupareofdifferentcolors.C.Artistslovetopaintthemindifferentcolors.D.Noneofthemhasthesamecolor.答案:A解析:细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知,非洲野狗之所以被称为“彩色狗”是因为它们的皮毛是彩色的,故A项正确。8.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwelearnfromAfricanwilddogs?A.Theyalwaysdoeverythingtogether.B.Theyhelpthesick,theelderlyandtheweak.C.Theyarealwaysveryclosetooneanother.D.Theycommunicateintheirownlanguage.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,当有非洲野狗年老或生病的时候,其他的非洲野狗就会帮助它们,并且愿意与其分享食物,这一点是我们人类应该学习的。故选B项。9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhyAfricanwilddogsarebecomingveryrare?A.Poacherskillsomeofthem.B.Theyareshortoffoodsometimes.C.Theyarelosingtheirhabitat.D.Farmersshootsomeofthem.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知A、D两项是原因。根据最后一段“.becauseoftheirownlossofhabitat.”可知C项也是原因,只有B项文章没有提及,故选B项。10.Wherecouldthispassageprobablybefound?A.TheTravelers.B.FashionWeekly.C.AnimalWorld.D.StarMagazine.答案:C解析:文章出处题。本文介绍了非洲野狗这种动物,最有可能是在动物世界里出现,故选C项。C(2016浙江卷,C)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well,just playing.right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it falls to the ground-and,in the process,it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air,but require support to remain stable.It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe;nor are they ever clearly taught it.Instead,babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact.Though their ranges and tools differ,the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world),overall approach(gathering direct evidence from the world),and logic(are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way-that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means.For example,it may only be through repeated experiments,evidence gathering,and finally overturning a theory,that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has,for example,unlike the child,Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike?Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort-the desire to explore,explain,and understand our world-is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it,“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”【语篇导读】本文为议论文。科学家在实验室做实验和婴幼儿摆弄自己的饭碗有共同之处吗?也许你想象不到,但是发展心理学家指出这两种行为同样都是科学调研。文章通过实例论述了孩子通过玩耍认识到物体的相互作用,认识到人类心理以及语言使用规则。最后,心理学家揭示了科学调研内在的根本原因和驱动力就是人类从婴儿阶段就具有的“好奇心”。11.According to some developmental psychologists,.A.a babys play is nothing more than a gameB.scientific research into babies games is possibleC.the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigatedD.a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment答案:D解析:细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句中“.somedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthisplayismorelikeascientificinvestigation.”可知科学实验和孩子的玩耍这两种行为均包含一种共性。D项中issomehowsimilarto和句中ismorelike为同义替换。12.WelearnfromParagraph2that.A.scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyB.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportD.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo答案:D解析:细节理解题。在第二段中,作者通过实例论证了婴儿的玩耍和科学家们的实验两者间存在的共性,即目的、方法和逻辑相同。注意该段落最后一句话括号中的信息:gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld,D项中的collect和gathering属于同义替换。故选择D项。A项错在differently;B项属于理解错误,正确的表述应该是科学家们以及婴儿和物质世界的互动;C项错在bornwith一词。13.Childrenmaylearntherulesoflanguageby.A.exploringthephysicalworldB.investigatinghumanpsychologyC.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observingtheirparentsbehaviors答案:C解析:推理判断题。推理判断的起点是第三段第一句中“usingsimilarmeans”这一说明。既然调查人类心理和语言规则的方法同上,则应该从上文的第二段中找到对应的方法,即第二段倒数第二句中“throughrepeatedexperiments”,因此选择C项。14.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildrensplay.B.Studyingbabiesplaymayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.Onesdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.答案:B解析:主旨大意题。段落的首句为该段的主旨句。该句句意:把儿童的发展看作是一个科学研究的过程,这阐明了孩子学习的方法;同时也对怎样看待科学和科学家具有启示性意义。因此研究婴儿的玩耍的科学性可以更好地理解科学本身的发展,故B项正确。15.Whatistheauthorstonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientistsresearchandbabiesplay?A.Convincing.B.Confused.C.Confident.D.Cautious.答案:D解析:推理判断题。该题要求判断作者的语气(tone),须从作者的用词来作出判断,特别是副词、形容词、情态动词等的使用。第一段中“Perhaps”,第二段中“Itislikelythat.,may,appear”,第三段中的“may”,以及第四段中“Perhaps,may”等这些词都说明了作者在下结论或作出判断时所持有的谨慎(cautious)态度。DJanuary 29,1968,was the deadline for the boys of Brien McMahon High School in Norwalk,Connecticut,to get a haircut.Principal Luther A.Howard had said that boys who came to school with long hair would be punished.Turns out he wasnt kidding:he suspended(勒令停学) more than 50 students that day.You might be surprised that kids could get suspended for something as minor as long hair,but in the late 1960s,long hair was a powerful symbol of rebellion(反叛).During this era,young people were leading a wave of change.Across the country,they were making their opinions known through protests(抗议),calling for an end to the war in Vietnam,expanded rights for women,and equality for African-Americans.It was also a time of colorful personal expression,as young people broke away from the traditional styles of their parents.Musical stars like the Beatles had inspired new looks.The big trend was “hippie(嬉皮士)” fashion:bell-bottomed jeans,tie-dye,headbands,and,yes,long hair.Some adults saw long hair as a rejection of their values.To them,short hair was a sign of respect.It reflected good manners.Long hair,on the other hand,seemed messy and rude.“Hair must be away from the eyes,and away from the collar line,”Principal Howard explained to the parents of the boys he suspended.“Hair must be neat around the ears.”At Brien McMahon High,the suspensions caused a fierce debate.A number of parents supported the boys by showing up to school with signs saying “Its not the hair on top but the mind beneath.”In the end,most boys gave in and got haircuts.Others refused,and a few took the issue to court,though they eventually lost.Norwalk wasnt the only town to fight a hair battle.M