德州专版2019中考英语总复习第三部分题型研析高分保障题型三短文还原课件.ppt

第三部分题型研析高分保障,题型3短文还原,解题技法指导,例题精析2017成都中考Astimegoesby，areyoustillthesamepersonyouwere？Manyofyouwouldthinkyouare.1._Youcouldbeacompletelydifferentpersonwhenyougetold.Psychologists(心理学家)attheUKsUniversityofEdinburghdidthestudyonagroupofScottishpeople.2._In1950，agroupofteachersgaveover1，20014yearoldstudentspersonalitytests.3._Theywereselfconfidence，senseofresponsibility，perseverance(耐性)，strongwishestowin，creativityandmoods(情绪),In2012，researcherssuccessfullyfound174ofthose1，200studentsandgavethematestsimilartotheonetheyhadreceivedbefore.4._Theyweresurprisedtofindgreatchangestoallsixpersonalitytraitsofthesepeople.5._Itwas“asifthesecondtesthadbeengiventodifferentpeople.”thestudyreported.Inthepast，personalitywaswidelybelievedtobeunchangeable.Thisnewstudymaybringsomefreshideastotheworld.,【主旨大意】这是一篇科普类说明文，文章主要介绍了，人们以前普遍认为人格是不可改变的，但随着时间的推移，人的性格会发生变化。短文用实验来验证了这一结论。1D根据上句“Astimegoesby，areyoustillthesamepersonyouwere？Manyofyouwouldthinkyouare.随着时间的流逝，你还是原来的你吗？你们很多人都会认为自己是。”可知，下句应该是“但是根据一项新的研究，你的个性可能会发生很大的变化。”故选D。2F根据上句“Psychologists(心理学家)attheUKsUniversityofEdinburghdidthestudyonagroupofScottishpeople.英国爱丁堡大学的心理学家对一群苏格兰人做了这项研究。”可知，下句应该是“研究发现，几乎每个人的性格随着年龄的增长而改变。”故选F。,3A根据上句“In1950，agroupofteachersgaveover1，20014yearoldstudentspersonalitytests.在1950年，一组教师对1200多名14岁学生进行了性格测试。”及下句“Theywereselfconfidence，senseofresponsibility，perseverance，strongwishestowin，creativityandmoods.他们是自信、责任感、毅力、强烈的获胜愿望、创造力和情绪。”可知，中间应该是“他们测试了六个基本的性格特征。”故选A。,4B根据上句“In2012，researcherssuccessfullyfound174ofthose1，200studentsandgavethematestsimilartotheonetheyhadreceivedbefore.2012年，研究人员成功地找到了1200个学生中的174个，并给他们做了一个类似于他们以前接受过的测试。”可知，下句应该是“然后他们比较了当时和现在的测试结果。”故选B。5E根据上句“Theyweresurprisedtofindgreatchangestoallsixpersonalitytraitsofthesepeople.他们惊奇地发现这些人的六个性格特征都发生了巨大的变化。”可知，下句应该是“年轻的自己和老的自己每个人看起来都完全不同。”故选E。,技法点拨在阅读短文还原题给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点：该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外，多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如，在干扰项中，主旨句概括要么过于宽泛，要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些，我们总结了一些解题技巧供大家参考：1注意细节之间的联系，平时我们运用最多的四种逻辑关系(因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、顺序关系)，在文章中寻找逻辑词和连接词，如表因果关系：because，so；表转折关系：but，however；表并列关系：and，or；表顺序关系：时间顺序，动作顺序。,2注意主题与细节之间的关系，这类较为简单，一般在句首或句中挖空。3注意大小主题之间的关系，此类题目较难，一般要通读全文，在全文中寻找答案。4注意首段的末句以及末段的首句，多数情况下需要填的内容出现在这两个地方。做题步骤口诀读选项，排排序；读短文，找逻辑；先易后难，找顺序；定夺答案，再读文章。得分技巧口诀抓住过渡词；盯住上下句；看准横线的前后词语。,即时运用Passage12016德州中考,WhatsinaName?Yournameisveryimportant.Whenyouthinkofyourself，youprobablythinkofyournamefirst.1._Rightnow，thetwomostpopularnamesforbabiesintheUnitedStatesare“Jacob”forboysand“Emily”forgirls.2._Andwhyaresomenamesunpopular?,E,D,Namescanbecomepopularbecauseoffamousactors，TVorbookheroes，ortopplayers.Popularnamesmeanverypositive(积极的)things.Unpopularnamesmeannegative(消极的)things.3._Herearesomecommonopinionsaboutnamesfromarecentsurvey.,C,4_Thebiggestreasonistradition.Theyhavenochoice.Manypeoplearenamedafterafamilymember.5_Anamethatisunpopularnowmightbecomepopularinthefuture.ThatsgoodnewsforalltheGeorgesandBettysoutthere.AChinesenamesaredifferentfromEnglishnames.BOfcourse，opinionscanchangeovertime.CSurprisingly，peopleusuallyhavesimilaropinionsaboutnames.DWhyarethesenamespopular?EBecauseitisanimportantpartofyouridentity(身份)FSowhydoparentsgivetheirchildrenunpopularnames?,F,B,Passage22017北京中考改编,FromtheOtherSideLaraandTaraaretwins.1._，buttheyareverydifferentineverythingelse.Forexample，hotfoodisLarasfavorite，andTarahasasweetchoice.However，thisisnttheproblemwiththetwingirls.Theyalwaysarguedthattheoppositeonewaswrong.2._，whileTarainsistedthatmorningswerefreshanditwasdifficulttostayuptillmidnight.,A,E,3_Toputanendtotheirfights，theirparentsdecidedtocreateasmalldrama.Theywantedthegirlstounderstandthattheywerebothcorrectfromtheirownpointofview.Theirparentscoveredthegirlseyeswithblackribbons，andbroughtthemtothediningroom.4._.LarawasaskedtostandononesideoftheboardandTaraontheother.Theycouldntseetheothersideofit.Whentheribbonsweretakenaway，theyweresurprisedtoseeahugeboardbetweenthem.,B,D,Now，theirfatheraskedLara，“Whatsthecoloroftheboard？”Shereplied，“Itsblack！”5._Shereplied，“Itswhite！”Thetwogirlsbegantoargueagain.WhileLarawasconfidentitwasblack，Tarawassureitwaswhite.Then，theywereaskedtoexchange(交换)theirplaces.Theycouldntbelievetheireyes.Tara，whoinsisteditwasawhiteboard，sawablackone.Similarly，Lara，whoarguedtheboardwasblack，wasshockedtoseeawhiteone.Theyunderstoodthateachofthemwasrightinherownview.MostofusarelikeLaraandTara.Wearerightmosttimes，butinsistthatothersarewrong!,C,ATheylooklikeeachotherBForyears，theirargumentscontinuedCTheirmotheraskedTarathesamequestionDIntheroom，abigboardwasplacedinthemiddleELarathoughtitwasterribletogetupearlyinthemorningFTheywenttoschooltogether,Passage32017云南中考Thereisaseed(种子)Heissosmallthatnobodywantstolookathim.1._Oneday，awindbringshimtoafieldinthesun.Helooksaroundandaspatterofraincomestohim.Thenhegrowsup.Fouryearslater，amansitsunderhim.Themansays，“Thankyouforthis.2._”“Whatareyoutalkingabout？”theseedasks.3._Noonespeakstohimlikethat.“Whoisthis？”themanasks.“Itsme.Imaseed.”“Aseed？”Themanlooksatthebigtree.“4._Youareatree，abigtree！”,C,D,F,B,“Really？”“Yes!Peoplecameheretohavearestunderyourshade(树荫)”Hearingthis，theseed，nowatree，isveryhappy.“Oh!ThatmeansImnotasmallseedanymore.5._Wow!EverybodycomestomeformyshadebecauseIamabigtreenow！”AIcanhelppeople.BYouarenotaseed.CSotheseeddoesntthinkheisimportant.DIreallyneedsomerest.ETheseedisplantedinafield.FHethinksthemanislaughingathim.,A,Passage42016临沂中考,OnthefourthSundayofeveryNovember，mostAmericansgettogetheraroundthedinnertabletocelebrateThanksgiving.SpecialtraditionsintheUShavebeenaroundformanyyears.1._ThesearefourpopularThanksgivingtraditionsandhowtheystarted.2_ThefirstThanksgivingmealwasintheautumnof1621whenthefirsttravelersfromEnglandcelebratedtheirfirstharvest(收获)Butitwasntmadeintoanofficial(官方的)holidayuntil1863.Thefirstlargemealhadturkey，fruitsandvegetables，whicharestillcommontoday.,C,E,3_HistorianssaythefirsttravelersinvitedNativeAmericans(美洲印第安人)tothemealtothankthemforteachingthemhowtogrowfood.Todayatthelargemeal，friendsandfamilywillalsosaywhattheyaremostthankfulfor.4_Theparade(游行)includesverylargeballoonsthatlooklikecartooncharactersandbeautifulfloats(花车)thatcarr