天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习第一部分单项填空专题能力训练三单项填空三词义辨析类.docx

专题能力训练三单项填空(三)(词义辨析类)一、A组1.(2017天津红桥区上学期期中,5)I his voice immediately when I picked up the phone,and thought we had been out of touch for years.A.realizedB.recognizedC.rememberedD.imitated答案:B解析:句意:当我接起电话后立马辨别出了他的声音,然后想到我们已经有好几年没有联系了。realize“意识到”;recognize“辨别出,认出”;remember“记得;回想起”;imitate“模仿”。B项符合语境,故选B项。2.(2017天津高考压轴卷,19)The dog attacked passers-by and therefore was kept on a chain by the owner.A.eventuallyB.fortunatelyC.frequentlyD.similarly答案:C解析:句意:这只狗频繁地攻击路人,因而被其主人用链子拴住了。eventually“最终”;fortunately“幸运地”;frequently“频繁地”;similarly“相似地”;frequently符合句意,故选C项。3.(2017天津河东区一模,4)Hes not very .You cant always depend on him to do what he promises to.A.dependentB.independentC.reliableD.flexible答案:C解析:句意:他并不是很可靠。你不能总指望他能做到像他承诺的那样。dependent“依靠的,取决于”;independent“独立的”;reliable“可靠的”;flexible“灵活的”。由句意可知应选C项。4.Everyschoolintothecompetitionwillhaveachancetowin$2,000ofcomputingequipment.A.priceB.worthC.valueD.cost答案:B解析:句意:每一所参赛的学校都会有机会赢得价值2000美元的计算设备。price“价格”;worth做名词用时,意为“价值是的东西”,常构成“数额+worth+of+名词”;value“价值”,指事或物所拥有的价值;cost“费用”。5.He says that my new car is a of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A.lackB.loadC.questionD.waste答案:D解析:句意:他说我的新车是浪费钱。你不认为那些话只是“吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸吗”?根据第二句的意思可知第一句的意思指“他说我的新车是浪费钱”。故D项是正确答案。alackof“缺乏”;aloadof“大量,许多”;aquestionof“的一个问题”;awasteof“浪费”。6.The boy has great in sports.Trainedproperly,hell make a first-class athlete in time.A.motivationB.influenceC.potentialD.possibility答案:C解析:句意:这个男孩在运动方面很有潜能。加以正确训练,他迟早会成为一名一流的运动员。motivation“动机”;influence“影响”;potential“潜能”;possibility“可能性”。根据句意可知应选C项。7.We are discussing the of employing more staff to face increasingly huge challenges.A.necessityB.flexibilityC.similarityD.acceptance答案:A解析:句意:我们正在讨论雇用更多员工以应对越来越大的挑战的必要性。necessity“必要性”,符合语境。flexibility“灵活性”;similarity“相似性”;acceptance“接纳”。8.ThepursefoundontheplaygroundmatchesthebyMary,soitmustbehers.A.directionB.expressionC.descriptionD.instruction答案:C解析:句意:在操场上发现的那个钱包与玛丽的描述吻合,所以一定是她的。direction表示“说明”时,常用复数形式。expression“表达”;description“描述”;instruction“指示”。9.It is pure that Richard and Julia have come up with the same approaches to the problem.A.coincidenceB.incidentC.dilemmaD.occasion答案:A解析:句意:理查德和朱莉娅提出了同样的办法来解决这个问题,这纯属巧合。根据句意,这里用coincidence“巧合,巧事”。10.MyattentionwasarrestedbyaredcoatwhenIwentshoppingyesterday.SoIboughtitwithout.A.difficultyB.surpriseC.hesitationD.expression答案:C解析:句意:昨天我购物的时候,一件红色的外套吸引了我的注意,所以我就毫不犹豫地买下了它。withouthesitation“毫不犹豫地”,符合语境。withoutdifficulty“轻易地,不费事地”;withoutsurprise“毫不惊讶地”;withoutexpression“毫无表情地”。11.ImsorryIhurtyourfeelings.Itdoesntmatter.Iknowitwasntyour.A.ideaB.thoughtC.intentionD.mind答案:C解析:句意:对不起,我伤了你的感情。没关系,我知道你不是故意的。idea“主意”;thought“思想”;intention“意图”;mind“心理”。12.A doctor who has a good knowledge of the local language is able to communicate with local patients more effectively than who doesnt.A.oneB.thoseC.the oneD.that答案:A解析:句意:一个精通当地语言的医生比不懂当地语言的医生更能有效地和当地的病人进行交流。本句中one指代adoctor,表示泛指。13.Susanmadecleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her答案:C解析:句意:苏珊向我明确表示她希望开始自己的新生活。it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句做真正的宾语。14.Thesixthsenseisnotthatonecantakeoffandputonatwill.A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing答案:B解析:句意:第六感不是能任人呼来唤去的东西。根据句意可知,此处表示“某物,某种东西”,故用something。15.Thewomandoctordevotedherselftoherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.A.stronglyB.extremelyC.entirelyD.freely答案:C解析:句意:这个女医生完全投身于她的研究,为她在自己的(研究)领域赢得了好名声。strongly“强烈地”;extremely“非常,极其”;entirely“完全”;freely“自由地”。根据句意可知,答案为C项。二、B组1.(2017天津河东区一模,12)A new law which bans teenagers from smoking will 90 days after governor signs it.A.come into effectB.come to powerC.make an effortD.make a difference答案:A解析:句意:一项禁止青少年吸烟的新法律将于州长签字90天以后生效。comeintoeffect“开始生效,开始实施”,与句意相符;cometopower“(开始)掌权,执政”;makeaneffort“作出努力”;makeadifference“有影响,有作用”。2.(2017天津高考压轴卷,27)He asked who was able to a good solution to this problem.A.get along withB.catch up withC.come up withD.go on with答案:C解析:句意:他问谁能够提出关于这个问题的好的解决方案。comeupwith“提出”,符合句意。getalongwith“与相处;取得进展”;catchupwith“赶上”;goonwith“继续;暂时应付一下”。3.(2017天津红桥区二模,8)Bob and Helen quarreled with each other last night but they soon .A.turned upB.put upC.made upD.showed up答案:C解析:句意:鲍伯和海伦昨晚吵架了,但他们很快就和好了。turnup“出现;放大”;putup“建造;张贴;提出”;makeup“和解;组成;化妆”;showup“显露;突出”。故选C项。4.Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thecoachfirstofallhastoknowtheirandweaknesses.A.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values答案:A解析:句意:要想让每一个队员做得更好,教练首先要知道他们的长处和短处。strength“长处”;benefit“利益,好处”;technique“技术,技巧”;value“价值”。5.Thecomputersmadethisyearareofbetterqualitythanmadelastyear.A.thatB.thoseC.onesD.theone答案:B解析:句意:今年生产的计算机的质量比去年生产的那些好。这里是计算机的质量之间进行比较,因此空格处应该填thecomputers,由于前面已经出现了thecomputers,因此应该用替代词those,代替特指的复数名词。6.Ourbodiesarestrengthenedbytakingexercise.,ourmindsaredevelopedbylearning.A.ProbablyB.SimilarlyC.LikelyD.Generally答案:B解析:句意:我们通过体育锻炼增强体质。同理,我们通过学习开发智力。probably“或许,可能”;similarly“类似地,同理”;likely“可能”;generally“一般地,总体上”。根据句意可知选B项。7.Peopleinthesouthliveonrice.,theyeatagreatdealoffruit.A.InadditionB.InagreementC.InconclusionD.Incondition答案:A解析:句意:南方人以大米为主食。而且,他们吃很多水果。inaddition“而且”;inagreement“同意”;inconclusion“总之”;in(good/bad)condition“处于(良好的/糟糕的)状态”。根据句意选A项。8.Theteacheraskedadifficultquestion,butTedfinallymanagedtoagoodanswer.A.putupwithB.keepupwithC.comeupwithD.catchupwith答案:C解析:句意:老师问了一个难题,但是特德最终还是想出了一个好答案。putupwith“忍受,忍让”;keepupwith“跟上”;comeupwith“提出,想出”;catchupwith“赶上,追上”。根据句意可知应选C项。9.I thought everybody had already gone,but there are a few people anyhow.A.alsoB.onlyC.evenD.still答案:D解析:句意:我原以为人都走光了,但不管怎样还是有几个人没走。also“还,也”;only“仅仅”;even“甚至”;still“仍然,依然”。根据语境可知答案为D项。10.Thebookisverygood,butitistoodifficultforachildtoread.A.rarelyB.fairlyC.prettyD.rather答案:D解析:句意:这本书很好,但是对一个孩子来说太难读了。四个选项中只有rather可以修饰too,故选D项。11.Thebossisanpersonrespectedevenbythosewhodisagreewithhim.A.abnormalB.honorableC.ordinaryD.energetic答案:B解析:句意:这个老板是一个可敬的人,甚至那些与他意见不合的人们都尊敬他。abnormal“不正常的”;honorable“可敬的”;ordinary“普通的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。12.Mr.Brownwasaveryinvestor,whocarefullystudiedthemarketbeforebuying500sharesinashippingcompany.A.cautiousB.potentialC.funnyD.private答案:A解析:句意:布朗先生是一个很谨慎的投资者,他在购买一家船运公司的500股股份前仔细研究了市场。cautious“谨慎的”;potential“潜在的”;funny“滑稽的”;private“私人的”。13.TheInternetisbeatingouttelevisionforviewerschoice.NowmorepeoplesaytheywouldratherhaveInternetaccessthantelevision.A.abruptlyB.apparentlyC.occasionallyD.narrowly答案:B解析:句意:就观众的选择来看,互联网明显打败了电视。现在更多的人说他们更愿意有网络连接而不是有电视。apparently“显然”,符合句意。abruptly“突然地,唐突地”;occasionally“偶尔,偶然”;narrowly“勉强地”。14.Ispendmysparetimevolunteeringforananimal-rescuegroupschoolwork.A.farfromB.apartfromC.insteadofD.regardlessof答案:B解析:句意:除了学校功课之外,空闲时我去动物营救队做志愿服务。apartfrom“除之外(还)”,符合语境。farfrom“远离,远非”;insteadof“(用)代替,(是)而不是”;regardlessof“不管,不顾”。15.StudentswithhighIQsdonotnecessarilyhaveadvantagesthosewithlowIQsinacademicachievements.A.fromB.overC.toD.for答案:B解析:句意:那些拥有高智商的学生不一定就比那些拥有低智商的学生在学术成就上更有优势。haveadvantagesoversb.为固定短语,意为“比某人更有优势”。三、C组1.(2017天津和平区二模,2)This product contains no colors;only natural substances are used.A.commercialB.beneficialC.officialD.artificial答案:D解析:句意:这种产品不包含人工色素,只用了天然的材料。commercial“商业的”;beneficial“有益的”;official“官方的”;artificial“人造的”。D项符合句意。2.(2017天津和平区二模,3)If you any mistakes in the article,just mark them with a pencil.A.makeB.repeatC.spotD.ignore答案:C解析:句意:如果你在这篇文章中发现了任何错误,就用铅笔标注一下。make“制造”;repeat“重复”;spot“发现,找到”;ignore“忽略”。C项符合句意。3.(2017天津和平区二模,8)Planning so far ahead makes no so many things will have changed by next year.A.senseB.roomC.choiceD.effort答案:A解析:句意:提前这么长时间计划毫无意义到明年很多事情将会发生改变。makenosense表示“毫无意义”,符合句意。room“空间”;choice“选择”;effort“努力”。4.Thosewhoarenotwiththeprogresstheyhavemadewillworkharder.A.proudB.afraidC.popularD.content答案:D解析:句意:那些对自己的进步不满意的人会更加刻苦。proud“自豪的”,通常用于短语beproudof“为自豪”;afraid“害怕的”,beafraidof“对害怕”;popular“流行的,受欢迎的”,bepopularwith“受欢迎,在中流行”;content“满意的”,becontentwith“对满意”。5.yourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedsuchhardworkintime.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.ThankstoD.Asfor答案:B解析:句意:要不是你的帮助,我们不可能及时完成这么艰难的任务。inspiteof“虽然,尽管”;butfor“要不是”;thanksto“幸亏,由于”;asfor“至于”。根据句意可知应选B项。6.In much of the animal world,night is the time for sleeppure and simple.A.set asideB.set downC.set offD.set up答案:A解析:句意:在大部分的动物世界里,夜晚纯粹是用来睡觉的时间。setaside“留出来;把放置一旁,不理会”;setdown“放下,写下,记下”;setoff“出发;引爆”;setup“建立”。pureandsimple“纯粹的,十足的”。根据句意可知应选A项。7.Some funds will be used to the market and to increase investment in start-up technology companies.A.stretchB.spreadC.expandD.improve答案:C解析:句意:一些资金将被用于开拓市场和增加对新兴技术公司的投资。expand意为“扩大,扩展”,与market搭配,表示“开拓市场”,符合语境。stretch“伸展,拉长”;spread“扩散,传播”;improve“改进,提高”。8.Weallthoughtourhardtrainingwouldpayoffandwewouldgetfirstprizeinthedancingcompetition,butitdidntquiteasexpected.A.makeoutB.workoutC.putoutD.giveout答案:B解析:句意:我们都以为我们的努力训练能有所回报,在舞蹈比赛中拿一等奖,但是事情并没有如我们料想的那样进展顺利。workout意为“进展顺利”,符合语境。makeout“应付;看透,弄懂”;putout“熄灭,扑灭”;giveout“分发”。9.Thesegeneralrulesoffirstaidcanwhicheverkindofemergency.A.turntoB.refertoC.contributetoD.applyto答案:D解析:句意:这些基本的急救规则能适用于任何一种紧急情况。applyto意为“适用于”,符合语境。turnto“转向”;referto“涉及”;contributeto“有助于”。10.Dozensoffamilymembersofthevictimatthegateoftheembassyrequestingareportwithconcreteevidenceoftheaccident.A.collectedB.removedC.separatedD.gathered答案:D解析:句意:受害者的几十个家庭成员聚集在大使馆门前,要求给出带有这次事故的具体证据的报告。此处表示“聚集”,要用gather。collect“收集”;remove“移除”;separate“(使)分开”。11.Somepeop