attributiveclause定语从句.ppt

（定语从句）,AttributiveClause,1.Heisafamousscientist.2.Whosthatgirlinred？3.Ivereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.4.Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.,定语从句的用处相当于修饰名词或代词的形容词，因此定语从句也被称为形容词从句。,定语从句,定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系词充当从句的成分。,Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.,先行词,(),关系代词,conclusion,3.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,2.关系词：引出定语从句的词叫关系词。,定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的句子。用来做定语的句子叫定语从句。,一、定语从句的三个概念,二、关系词在从句中代替先行词1.关系词本身没有词义，代替先行词的词义2.必须充当定语从句中的一个成分3.根据关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分将其分为关系代词和关系副词,引导词,关系代词：,关系副词:,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why,关系代词和关系副词的作用,指代作用,连接句子的作用,定语从句构成的步骤：,1、找到两个从句中相同的名词或代词。,2、按照句子的意义确定主句与从句。,3、把从句中与主句相同的名词或代词用适当的关系词取代，并去掉已经被取代的词。,4、把定语从句放到被修饰的名词或代词之后。,Itisthehouse.Thehousewasbuiltbymyfather.,主句,从句,which/that,Itisthehousewhich/thatwasbuiltbymyfather.,(),Itisthehouse.Myfatherwasborninthehouse.,Itisthehouse_myfatherwasborn.,where,Iwillneverforgettheday.Igraduatedontheday.,Iwillneverforgettheday_Igraduated.,Iwillneverforgettheday.Ispentthedaywithyou.,when,Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.,that,Thisisthereason.Hetoldmethereason.,Thisisthereason_hetoldme.,that,Thisisthereason.Hewaslateforthisreason.,Thisisthereason_hewaslate.,why,Completethesentenceswithsuitablerelatives.,1.Iknowthereasonhecamelate.2.Thisisthereasonhetoldme.3.Doyouknowthewoman，sonwenttocollegelastyear？4.ThehousecolorisredisJohns.5.ThisisthebestfilmIveeverseen.,why,which,whose,whose,that,6.Thatisthetownheworkedin1987.7.IstillrememberthetownIvisitedlastyear.8.IllneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheLeague.9.IllneverforgetthedayIspentinthetown.10.Thewomanmybrotherspoketojustnowismyteacher.,whom,which,when,(that/which),where,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。起限定作用。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,用时不可用逗号分开。,TheaccidenthappenedonthedaywhenIlostmyjob.,IspentawholeholidaywithJohn,whowasveryfriendlyandhelpful.,2)非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。,关系代词的用法：1.that和which(1)that,which都可以指物._还可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作_时可以省略。,that,宾语,Thebook_Iboughtyesterdayisinteresting.,(which/that),只用that的情况:,2.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时,3.先行词被theonly,thevery,theright修饰时,4.先行词既包括人又包括物时,1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。,5.当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时,用which的情况：,1.用于非限制性定语从句中2.用于介词后,Ihaverentahouse,whichisverybig.Iwanttorentahousewhich/thatisverybig.,Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofplastics.Thechair(which/that)heissittingonismadeofplastics.,TrueorfalseAllwhichyouneedtodoistopressthebutton.Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.3.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.4.ThisistheverybookwhichIwanttolookfor.,that,that,5.Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks.6.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolswhichtheyhadvisited.,that,7.Tomwaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.,2.who和whom,who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。,(2)whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中只能作宾语，可省略。,(3)who不可以用在介词后,而whom可以。,Thewomanto_mymumistalkingisourEnglishteacher.,whom,Theman_isshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,who,Doyouknowtheman_Italkedtojustnow?,who/whom/that/-,Doyouknowthemanto_Italkedjustnow?,whom,Thenumberofpeople_losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.,who/that,3.whose的用法,(1)whose即可以指人,也可以指物，后接名词，在定语从句中作定语。,Themanwhosedaughterwasadmittedtothekeyuniversitywassohappy.,Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasbeenrepaired.,Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.,Thebookthecoverofwhichisblueismine.,Thebookofwhichthecoverisblueismine.,(2)whose+n.通常可与then.+ofwhich/whom或ofwhich/whom+the+n.互换。,Theclassroomwillsoonberepaired.Itsdoorisbroken.,Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillberepairedsoon.,Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willberepairedsoon.,(),(),(),4.as的用法,as在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。一般用在thesameas，asmany(much)as或suchas结构中。,Suchteachersasheknowareallkindtohim.Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.Dontbuysuchbooksaswilldoyouharm.,(1)意思不同。as表示“正如那样”,which表示“这一点”“这件事”。,(2)as所引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后；而which所引导的从句只可放在主句后。,(3)as所引导的从句中，动词常用know,see,expect,pointout,say,tell,report等。,5.as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们的区别是:,_weknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry._isknown,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Hisdogdied,_madehimunhappy.,As,As,which,as与which的使用：,Hewaslateagain.Itmadetheteacherveryunhappy.,Itisknowntoallofus.Hewillcometotheparty.,Hewaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherveryunhappy.,Asisknowntoallofus,hewillcometotheparty.,as一般用于句首、句中或句尾皆可，并常用于asissaid/known/believed/mentioned等被动结构中。而which一般只用于主句之后。,代替整个句子的用法,1._isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.It2.Isthisbook_youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./3.Suchabook_youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like,C,C,C,4.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebookswerepopularthen.A./B.thatC.whichD.who5.Thisisthestorewevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which,B,A,II.关系副词when,where,why的用法,(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。,(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。,(3)why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。,关系副词通常可以用介词+关系代词代替,1.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIreachedhere.,2.ThisistheschoolwhereIusedtoteach.,atwhich,onwhich,(2)像listento,lookat,dependon，payattentionto,takecareof,lookafter,lookfor等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.,(1)“介词关系代词”是一种常用的定语从句引导法。关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that/who。,在介词关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的选用与前面的先行词或它后面的从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关,Thisistheteacher_wehavelearntalot.,fromwhom,YesterdayIboughtabook_therearemanypictures.,inwhich,Thegirl_Isaidhelloisourmonitor.,towhom,Theschoolisveryfamous.Heoncestudiedinit.,Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine.Heaskedforthemagazinelastweek.,TomorrowIllbringherethemagazinewhichyouaskedfor.,Heistherightboy.Iwanttoplaytenniswithhimtomorrow.,HeistherightboywithwhomIwanttoplaytennistomorrow.,=where,Theschool_heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.,(that/which),III使用定语从句时应注意的问题,1.在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词必须充当句子成分。,2.关系代词的人称，性，数要和先行词保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其后的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。,I,whoamastudent,studyveryhard.,Heisoneofthestudentswhobelieveit.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhobelievesit.,4.theway（方式，方法）作先行词时，关系代词用that/inwhich/不填。,3.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。,Thisisthewaythatsheteachesus.,Thisisthewayinwhichsheteachesus.,Thisisthewaysheteachesus.,Exercises:Theman_youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.2.Didyouseetheletter_wasputonyourtable?3.Herecomestheman_Englishisexcellent.4.Thatistheday_Iwasborn.,(whom/who/that),which/that,whose,when/onwhich,5.Idontknowthereason_hewaslate.6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingatthedoor?7.Thatisthebook_thecoverisblue.8.Hewasproud,_Idislikeverymuch.,why/forwhich,that,ofwhich,which,II.ChoosethebestanswersSheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.(NMET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.(92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom,B,D,3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpected.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it4.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when,B,A,5.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)A.itB.thatC.whenD.which6.Thisistheway_Iamthinkingoftodoit.A.howB.withwhichC.bywhichD.,D,D,7.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome;_areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixo