八年级英语下册Unit2TravellingStudyskills课件牛津版.ppt

Unit2TravellingStudyskills,&Details,Points,Themainidea,alsocalledthemainpoint,isthemostimportantthoughtaboutatopic.Ittellsthereaderwhatthetextisabout.Itisusuallystatedinonesentence.,Detailsorsupportingdetailsarespecificfacts,reasons,examplesorotherkindsofinformationusedtosupportthemainpoints.,Atopicinaparagraph,anarticleorotherpassageisageneralsubject.Itcanoftenbeexpressedinasinglewordorphrase.,Details,Majordetailswhichdirectlysupportthemainidea,Minordetailswhichdirectlysupportmajordetails,Topics,MainideasandDetails,Topics,mainideasorpoints,anddetailsworktogether.,Themainideatellsthewriterspointaboutthetopic,anditissupportedbydetailsthroughouttheparagraphmuchliketheframeofahousesupportstheroof.,HowtoDeterminetheTopic,Smokingcigarettesisnotonlyadisgustingandsmellyhabit,butalsoverybadforyourhealth.Ithasbeenproventocausecancer,lungdisease,andheartdisease,andtoweakenyourimmunesystem.Smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe,whichmeansitsmoredifficulttoplaysportsandgettheexerciseyouneedtostayhealthy.Itsalsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker,becausetheybreathethesmokyair.Eventhoughmostpeopleknowhowbadsmokingisforthem,morethan1,000peopledieeachdayfromitseffect!,Askyourself“Whoorwhatisthepassageabout?”Lookcarefullyatthetitle.Oftenthegeneraltopicisoneofthewordsinthetitle.Lookforcluewordsorphrasesthatareusedrepeatedly.Oftenthatwordorphraseisthegeneraltopicofthearticle.,_,Topic,Mainpoint/idea,?,HowtoDeterminetheMainIdea,2.Whenstatedintheparagraph,themainideaisexpressedinthetopicsentence.,1.AskYourself,Whatisthispassagemostlyabout?Whydidthewriterwritethispassage?,3.Ifthemainideaisnotstated,firstfindthetopicandthenlookatallthedetailsthatgiveyouenoughinformationtodeterminethemainidea.,Smokingcigarettesisnotonlyadisgustingandsmellyhabit,butalsoverybadforyourhealth.Ithasbeenproventocausecancer,lungdisease,andheartdisease,andtoweakenyourimmunesystem.Smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe,whichmeansitsmoredifficulttoplaysportsandgettheexerciseyouneedtostayhealthy.Itsalsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker,becausetheybreathethesmokyair.Eventhoughmostpeopleknowhowbadsmokingisforthem,morethan1,000peopledieeachdayfromitseffect!,_,Topic,Mainpoint/idea,?,Smokingisbadforyourhealth.,Costswerelowthatyearandtheoutputhigh.Therewasagoodpersonforeachjobandthemarketremainedfirm.Therewerenolessonfromfire.Allinallitwasthebestyearsinthehistoryofthecompany.,Thefirstthreesentencesgivedetailstoexplainwhyitwasthebestyearinthecompanyshistory.Themainideaisstatedinthelastsentence.,Therearegreatnumbersofdeeraroundhere.Thiswholeareaisagreatcountryforhuntersandfishermen.Therearebears,mountainlions,andwolves.Totheeasttherearestreamsfulloffishes,andthereareducksandgeese.,Thewriterbeginsandendswithexamples.Themainideaisstatedinthesecondsentence.,Findingthemainideas,Themainideaisstatedinthefirstsentence.Theremainingsentencesgiveexamplestoexplainthereasons.,Swimmingisonethingthatcanbedoneatthebeach.Snorkelingisanotherthingthatcanbeenjoyed.Playingbeachvolleyballcanbealotoffun.Itisalsofuntolookforshells.Somepeoplesimplyliketosunbathe.,Peoplecandolotsofbeachactivitiestorelaxthemselves.,Whatistheimpliedmainidea?Stateitinyourownwords.,Canyoufindthemainideadirectly?,Practicingimpliedmainideas,HowtoFind(Supporting)Details,1.Decidewhichdetailshelptofurtherthestoryline.2.Decidewhichdetailshelpyoutounderstandthemainidea.3.Turnthemainideaintoaquestionbyaskingwho,what,when,where,why,orhow?Theanswerwillgiveasetofdetails.,Supportingdetailsanswerallthosequestionsthatyouhaveaboutthetopicsentences.,Whyare(supporting)detailsimportant?,Detailshelpyoutobetterunderstandthemainideaandseethebigpicture.Detailsmakethemainideastrongerandmoreinteresting.Detailshelpthewritingflow.,Smokingcigarettesisnotonlyadisgustingandsmellyhabit,butalsoverybadforyourhealth.Ithasbeenproventocausecancer,lungdisease,andheartdisease,andtoweakenyourimmunesystem.Smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe,whichmeansitsmoredifficulttoplaysportsandgettheexerciseyouneedtostayhealthy.Itsalsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker,becausetheybreathethesmokyair.Eventhoughmostpeopleknowhowbadsmokingisforthem,morethan1,000peopledieeachdayfromitseffect!,MainIdea,Detail,Detail,Detail,Smokingisbadforyourhealth.,Findthesupportingdetails.,Allthesentencesinthepassagesupportthemainidea.,Youshouldprovideenoughsupportingdetailinyourparagraphssothereadercaneasilyunderstandwhatyouaretryingtocommunicate.,Smokingisbadforyourhealth.,Smoking,Itcancausecancer,lungdisease,andheartdisease,andweakenyourimmunesystem.,Smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe.,Itsalsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker.,Allthesupportingdetailsinthetextorwithinaparagraphshouldtellusmoreaboutthemainidea.,Everystoryorparagraphhasamainidea.MainIdeaisliketheheartofthetextoraparagraph.,Mariaofferedtohelphermothercleanthehouse.Shevacuumedthelivingroomanddustedthefurniture.Shepickedupthetoysintheplayroom.Sheateahamsandwichforlunch.Then,shemoppedthekitchenfloor.,Whichsentence/detaildoesnotsupportthemainidea?,Practice:UnderstandingDetails,Whichsentence/detaildoesnotsupportthemainidea?,Winterprovidestheopportunityformanyoutdooractivities.Manypeopleenjoyiceskatingonapond.Swimminginthepondinsummercanalsobefun.Skiingcanbeanexcitingexperiencetoo.Afteranewsnowfall,youcanevenbuildasnowman!,BenjaminFranklinlovedtowrite.Whenhewastwenty-two,hesetuphisownprintingshopandstartedanewspaper.HealsoprintedabookcalledPoorRichardsAlmanac.Ithadfunnystories,informationabouttheweather,andwisesayings.Whatisthemainidea?A.Franklinlovedtowritestoriesandbooks.B.Franklinworkedveryhardwhenhewasyoung.C.Franklinknewalotabouttheweather.D.Franklinwasverypoor.,A,Practice:IdentifyingMainIdea,BenjaminFranklinlovedthecityofPhiladelphia.Hestartedthecitysfirsthospitalandfiredepartment.BenalsostartedPhiladelphiasfirstpubliclibrary.BenjaminFranklinworkedveryhardtomakePhiladelphiaabetterplacetolive.Whatisthemainidea?Franklinworkedhardtomakehiscityagreatplacetolive.B.Franklinworkedforthefiredepartment.C.Franklinknewalotaboutbooks.D.FranklinwenttoschoolinPhiladelphia.,A,BenjaminFranklinwasveryinterestedinelectricity.Onedayhetriedaverydangerousexperimenttoprovethatlightningwaselectricity.Heattachedakeytoakitestringandflewthekiteduringathunderstorm.Whenthelightninghitthekite,sparksflewfromthekey.BenjaminFranklinprovedthatlightningwaselectricity.Whatisthemainidea?A.Franklinlikedtoplayintherain.B.Franklinperformedanexperimentthatprovedlightningwaselectricity.C.Franklinknewalotaboutthunderstorms.D.Franklininventedanewkindofkite.,B,BenjaminFranklininventedmanythingsthatmadelifeeasierinthelate1700s.Heinventedthelightningrodthatsavedmanyhomesfromfires.HealsoinventedtheFranklinstove.Thestovecouldheataroombetterthanafireplaceandsavedpeoplealotoffuel.Healsoinventedaspecialkindofglassescalledbifocals.Thisnewkindofglasseshelpedpeopletoreadbetter.Whatisthemainidea?A.Franklinthoughtreadingwasimportant.B.Franklinwasnotafraidoffire.C.Franklinwasagreatinventor.D.AFranklinstovecanheatawholeroom.,C,Practice:IdentifyingMainideas&Details,TherearethreereasonswhyCanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld.First,Canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem.AllCanadianshaveaccesstomedicalservicesatareasonableprice.Second,Canadahasahighstandardofeducation.Studentsaretaughtbywell-trainedteachersandareencouragedtocontinuestudyingatuniversity.Finally,Canadascitiesarecleanandefficientlymanaged.Canadiancitieshavemanyparksandlotsofspaceforpeopletolive.Asaresult,Canadaisadesirableplacetolive.,Canada,MainIdea,TherearethreereasonswhyCanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld.,Canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem.,Detail1,Canadahasahighstandardofeducation.,Detail2,Detail3,Canadascitiesarecleanandwellmanaged.,Topic,TherearethreereasonswhyCanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld.First,Canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem.AllCanadianshaveaccesstomedicalservicesatareasonableprice.Second,Canadahasahighstandardofeducation.Studentsaretaughtbywell-trainedteachersandareencouragedtocontinuestudyingatuniversity.Finally,Canadascitiesarecleanandefficientlymanaged.Canadiancitieshavemanyparksandlotsofspaceforpeopletolive.Asaresult,Canadaisadesirableplacetolive.,TheunderlinedsentenceistheMainPointoftheparagraph.TheboldedsentencesareMajorSupportingDetails.TheitalicizedsentencesinblueareMinorSupportingDetails.,Whenwewriteaboutanexperienceorevent,wecanorganizeourideasusingthefollowingfivemainpoints.,Thenweshouldgivedetailstosupportthemainpointsbygivingreasons,examples,steps,oranyotherinformation.,MainPointsandDetails,WritingTipsonMainPointsandDetails,1.Afterdecidingonyourtopic,choosetwotofourorfivesupportingpointsaboutthetopic.,2.Stayonthepoint.,Eachmainpointshouldbeworthwritingabout.,Allthemainpointsshouldrelatetothesubjectandhelpdevelopthereadersknowledgeaboutthesubject.,3.Provideenoughspecificdetails(Reasons,Examples,Names,Numbers,Senses)tosupportthemainpoints.,Reason:SaywhyyourideaisgoodorbadExamples:GiveproofofyourideasNames:Usespecificnames,titles,etc.Numbers:GiveprovablenumbersSenses:Givedetailsthatrefertooursenses(sight,touch,smell,sound,taste),Eachofthemainpointsmustbedifferentfromalltheothers.,WherewasTimmywhentheearthquakestarted?WhathappenedtoTimmyintheearthquake?WhatdidTimmydo/see/hear/feelintheearthquake?HowdidTimmyfeelwhenhewastrapped?HowdidTimmysurvivetheearthquake?,Trulyspecificdetailsexcitethereadersinterest.Theyshowwhatthewritermeans.Theyprovidestrongsupportforthemainpoints.,Strongsupportingevidenceisattheheartofeffectivewriting.,Writeyourownparagraph.,Choosefromoneoftheseideas.2.Writedownsomemainpointsanddetailsandorganizeyourideasbeforeyouwrite.3.Thinkofatopicsentenceandaddsupportingdetails.Makeyourparagraphatleastfoursentenceslong.4.Remember:Sentencesbelongintheparagraphonlyiftheytellaboutthemainidea.,Thelastdayofscho