2013高考总复习英语语定语从句.ppt

语法专项训练(十四)定语从句,考点一用什么词引导定语从句？我们要判断到底使用关系代词还是关系副词,应先把先行词放回定语从句中,如果先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语,则用关系代词“that(充当主语、宾语或表语),who(充当主语、宾语或表语),whom(充当宾语),which(充当主语、宾语或表语),as(充当主语、宾语或表语),whose(充当定语)”；如果充当状语,则用关系副词“where,when,why”等.Heistheman_nevergivesintodifficulty.,我们将先行词“theman”放回定语从句中,则得出“themannevergivesintodifficulty.”在这一句子中,“theman”在句中充当主语,因此不可能用关系副词,排除了填“where,when,why”的可能性；,由于“theman”指代人,在句中又充当主语,因此也不可能用“which,whom,whose”；只有当先行词前面有“such,thesame”时才能用“as”,因此,以上句子只能填“that/who”.,考点二在什么情况下一般只能用that引导定语从句？,考点三在什么情况下一般只能用which引导定语从句？,考点四如何区分thesame.as和thesame.that?“thesame.as”表示同一类人或物,如:MissBrownalsoboughtthesamebooksasIdid.“thesame.that”指同一个人或物,例如:Heisthesamepersonthatyoureferredto.(同一个人),考点五在什么情况下一般用who不用that?先行词是人称代词时,一般用who不用that.He,whojustheardthenewsofhisfathersdeath,burstintotears.,考点六way后面的定语从句way后面的定语从句的引导词有inwhich,that或不填.IrecognizedhesfromAustraliafromthewayinwhich(that/不填)hespeaks.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句是对其前面的词所表示的具体内容做进一步的解释或说明,定语从句则对其前面的词起到限定或修饰的作用；that用来引导同位语从句时不充当句子成分,用于引导定语从句则充当句子成分；,用when,where,why引导同位语从句时,其前面的词不是相应的时间、地点、原因,而定语从句则必须是相应的时间、地点、原因.Thesuggestionthathecomerightnowisreasonable.(that引导同位语从句),Thesuggestionthatyouputforwardisreasonable.(that引导定语从句)Thenewsthatyoutoldmeistrue.(that引导定语从句)Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameistrue.(that引导同位语从句),限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对前面的先行词起到限制的作用,说话者强调的是定语从句的内容,如果去掉从句,原句意思就不完整；非限制性定语从句对前面的先行词只起到补充说明的作用,说话者强调的是主句的内容,去掉从句不影响说话者原来的意思；非限制性定语从句一般用逗号和主句隔开,限制性定语从句没有逗号和主句隔开；限制性定语从句的先行词不能是一个句子,非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子；,as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首,也可放在主句之后,which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后(1)Heistheonlychildinthefamily,whoisalwaysactiveinpolitics.(2)Heistheonlychildthatdoesntlosehearteasily.,(3)Hewillendupinprison,aseverybodyexpects.Aseverybodyexpects,hewillendupinprison.(4)Healwayscomeslate,whichmakeshisteacherangry.,.单句填空用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空.1(2011高考江苏卷改编)Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.,when,解析:考查非限制性定语从句.句意:在两音乐会之间的休息时间,观众可以去买冰淇林,且该句是非限制性定语从句，作时间状语，故用when引导,2(2011高考上海卷改编)Youllfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.解析:考查定语从句的关系词,先行词为taxis,在从句中作hire的宾语,所以用which或that.,which/that,3(2011高考课标全国卷改编)Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagination.解析:thewriter是story的定语,所以用whose.,whose,4(2011高考湖南卷改编)JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_shespokefluently.解析:句意:Julie擅长德语,法语和俄语,这三种语言她都说得很流利.此处应用which引导的非限制性定语从句,which代替前边三种语言.,which,5(2011高考北京卷改编)MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.解析:这里是非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代整个主句.所以用which引导,which,6(2011高考大纲全国卷改编)TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句,从句缺主语,指物,因此用which来引导.,which,7(2011高考浙江卷改编)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_usesitsomewhatdifferently.解析:考查非限制性定语从句,指代severaldiversecultures,故用which.,which,8(2011高考安徽卷改编)Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.解析:句意:不论剩下的食物是什么都放冰箱里面,在冰箱里食物可以保鲜两到三星期.故用where引导定语从句,相当于inwhich.,where,9(2011高考广东卷改编)Behindhimwereotherpeopleto_hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminuteshewalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.,whom,解析:句意:在他后面是那些他想跟他们谈话的人,但没几分钟他就走开了,靠近我坐了下来,他看起来很气恼.本句中people是先行词,在从句中作to的宾语,to又提前了,所以本空填whom.,10Janepausedinfrontofacounter_someattractivetieswereondisplay.解析:句意:Jane到了一个出售一些吸引人的柜台前停了下来.acounter是先行词,在从句中作地点状语.,where,11(2010高考广东卷)Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder_hadbeenhisteacher.解析:先行词anelder在从句中作主语,指人,所以用who或that.,who/that,12Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersaway_therewasagarage.解析:句意:村长正在把我的马绑到他的马上,用马把车拉到离那里20公里的一个有修车厂的小镇上去.asmalltown是先行词,在从句中作地点状语,where,.语篇填空Jim,1._fatherisabiologist,iscrazyaboutanimals.Theonlysubject2._seemsinterestingtohimisbiology.Hespendseverypenny3._hecansavetobuybooksonbiology,4._isoftenlaughedatbyhisclassmates.,whose,that,that,which,Oneday,5._hesteppedinthebookstore6._sellsallkindsofbooksaboutanimals,hewasasexcitedasachildwhofoundsomething7._hehadbeenlongingfor.Hewaslostinthebooks8._acornerofthestoreand,when,which/that,that,in,forgotaboutthetimeandhewaslock