同位语从句专项练习.ppt

LanguageStudy,LetsThink:Whatsthefunction（作用）ofthepartinblueinthestory?,Tomoversleptandwaslateforclassthismorning.Histeacher,Mr.Green,askedhimwhy.Tomwasnervousandanswered,“IIhavenoideawhentheclassstarts.”“Myboy,youknow,thefactthatyouarelateisnotaproblem.Theproblemisyouarenotbeinghonest!”saidMr.Green.Tomblushed（脸红）andhanghishead.ThenMr.Greenmadehimasuggestion,thatis,tousetwoorthreealarmclockstowakehimselfup.,同位语(Appositive),定义：一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这个部分就叫做同位语。,一、单词作同位语,WeChinesearebraveandhardworking.Youthreetaketheseseats.WebothcomefromHunan.HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.,二、短语作同位语,1.名词短语作同位语Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.2.不定式作同位语Itwasformedforthisreason,tomakepeoplemoreliterate.3.分词短语作同位语Hisgreatestinterestinlife,playingfootball,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.4.形容词短语作同位语People,oldandyoung,rantothestreetstowatchtheparade.,三、句子作同位语,某些名词后面，可以跟用来对它作进一步解释的主谓结构，这个部分就称为同位语从句。引导从句的连接词通常有that,when,where,why,whether,how等.例如：Hisfailurewasduetothefactthathehadnotpracticedforalongtime.ThisisthereasonwhyshewillnotattendthemeetingIhavenoimpressionhowhewenthome.,四、区别同位语从句和定语从句,1从句意义试比较：Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon我听到我们球队获胜的消息。Thenewsthathetoldmeisnottrue.他告诉我的那个消息不是真的。同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,作用相当于名词,用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词,表示其实际内容;而定语从句相当于形容词,用来说明该名词的性质或特征,对其起修饰或限定的作用。,2.引导词,同位语从句和定语从句共同的引导词主要有that，when，where，why。试比较：Hemadeapromisethathewouldnevercomelate.Theskirt（that）Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.,when,where,why引导同位语从句时，与先行词无逻辑关系，叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语；而引导定语从句时，具有指代先行词的作用，叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式。例如：WehavenoideawhenshewasbornIwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmyHeputforwardtothequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheldThisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtwoyearsagoTheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsentThisisthereasonwhy/forwhichshewillnotattendthemeeting,ontheday,Inthehouse,forthereason,3先行词同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，hope，promise，news，doubt，truth，suggestion，belief等少数抽象名词。例如：ThefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybodyShetoldusherhopethatshewouldbecomeapianist.而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,还可以是代词。例如：Theplanthatheraisedwasreasonable.Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed,*同位语从句不一定紧跟在它说明的名词之后。例如：Theordersooncamethatallthesoldiersshouldgotothefront.*同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。例如：Heisinterestedinsports,especiallyballgames.*有时，在同位语前会出现引出同位关系的标识语，通常有namely、orrather、thatis(tosay)、inotherwords、forexample等。例如：Theyvisitedmanycities,forexample,ParisandWas