一般现在时现在进行时和一般过去时过去进行时.ppt

Grammar1,2018.03.19,目录,2,Presentcontinuous,PresentSimple一般现在时,Weusethepresentsimpletotalkaboutregularhabitsorrepeatedactions:Igetupreallyearlyandpractiseforanhourorsomostdays.IusetheInternetjustabouteveryday.Wordsthatdescribehowoftenorwhenareoftenused（e.g.always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely,never,everyday,everyevening,generally,normally）.,2)totalkaboutpermanentsituationsMyparentsownarestaurant.Weusedthepresentperfect,notthepresentsimple,tosayhowlongsomethinghascontinued:IhaveworkedtheresinceIwas15.(notIworktheresinceIwas15.),3)totalkaboutfactsorgenerallyacceptedtruthsStudentsdontgenerallyhavemuchmoney.Ifyouheatwaterto100,itboils.,4)togiveinstructionsanddirections:Yougodowntothetrafficlights,thenyouturnleft.Tostarttheprogramme,firstyouclickontheicononthedesktop.,5)totellstoriesandtalkaboutfilms,booksandplays:Inthefilm,thetealadyfallsinlovewiththePrimeMinister.,PresentContinuous现在进行时,Weusethepresentcontinuoustotalkabouttemporarysituations:Imstudyingreallyhardformyexams.MycousinislivinginThailandatthemoment.(=hedoesntnormallylivethere)Wordslikeatthemoment,currently,now,thisweek/month/yearareoftenused.,2)totalkaboutactionshappeningatthemomentofspeaking:Imwaitingformyfriends.,3)totalkabouttrendsorchangingsituations:TheInternetismakingiteasierforpeopletostayintouchwitheachother.Thepriceofpetrolisrisingdramatically.,4)totalkaboutthingsthathappenmoreoftenthanexpected,oftentoshowenvyortocriticisewithwordslikealways,constantly,continually,forever.MymumsalwayssayingIdonthelpenough!(complaint)Hesalwaysvisitingexcitingplaces!(envy),ActivityverbStateverbs动作动词和状态动词,英语中的动词就其词汇意义来说可分为动作动词（Activityverb）和状态动词（Stateverb）。动作动词强调主语在做的动作，而状态动词强调主语所处的状态，状态动词通常不用于进行时。例如：Thegirlisputtingonaredcoat.那个女孩正在穿一件红色外套。（穿的动作正在发生，put为动作动词）。Wehaveasecond-handcar.我们有一辆二手车。（have为状态动词）。,【动作动词的分类与用法】,1.表示持续动作的动词，如eat,listen,read,run等。例如：Sheislisteningtotheradio.她在听收音机。2.表示短暂动作的动词，如hit,jump等。这类动词一般用在现在时中，表示现时的一次性动作。表示短暂动作的动词通常不用于进行时态中，如果用于进行时的话，那就表示短暂动作的多次重复。例如：Shejumpedupintothechair.她跳起来坐到椅子上。Hewasjumpingupanddowntokeepwarm.他上下跳动来取暖。3.表示转变和移动的动词，如arrive,change,come,die,go,leave等。这类动词用于一般时和进行时中，往往在意义上略有不同。比如说Thetrainleavesatnine，这是一种现在的习惯性动作，表示火车每天都是9点开车。如果说Thetrainisleaving，则表示即将发生的事态，表示火车马上就要开了。,【状态动词的分类与用法】,状态动词一般不用于进行时。状态动词可分为四类：1.动词be(是)和动词have(有)。例如：Theboyis150centimeterstall.这个男孩150厘米高。不可以说：Theboyisbeing150centimeterstall.Myhusbandhasseveralshirtsofdifferentcolors.我丈夫有好几件颜色不同的衬衫。而不可以说：Myhusbandishavingseveralshirtsofdifferentcolors.2.含有状态动词be和have的意义的动词，如：belongto,contain,differfrom,matter,own等。这类状态动词通常都不可以用于进行时。例如：Thatdictionarybelongstome.那本字典是属于我的。不能说：Thatdictionaryisbelongingtome,3.表示五官感觉的动词，如hear,see,feel,taste,smell等。例如：Theoldmandoesnthearverywell那位老人听觉不太好。不能说：TheoldmanisnthearingverywellThemeattastesdelicious.这肉味道真好。但不可以说：Themeatistastingdelicious.4.表示想法或心理的动词，如agree,assume,believe,consider,disagree,forget,hope,know,expect,imagine,regret,remember,suppose,think,understand等。这类动词通常也都不用于进行时。例如：HedoesnotbelieveinHowardshonesty.他不相信霍华德为人真诚。不能说HeisnotbelievinginHowardshonesty.,5.表示情感状态的动词，如adore,despise,dislike,enjoy,feel,hate,like,love,mind,prefer,wantDoyoumindifIaskyouafewquestions?Ilovemusic.6.表示描述或说明类的动词，如：appear,contain,looklike,mean,resemble,seem,smell,sound,taste,weigh.Youlooklikeyourmother.(=apermanentsituation,notatemporaryone)Notice:Somestateverbscanbeusedinthecontinuousformwhenthemeaningistemporary.Compare:Whatareyouthinkingabout?(now)Ithinkyoushouldtellherexactlywhathappened.(myopinion,sonottemporary)Imtastingthesaucetoseeifitneedsanymoresalt.Thesaucetastesdelicious.Sheshavingagreattime.(ishaving=isexperiencing,notpossession)Studentsdontgenerallyhavemuchmoney.(have=possession),Fillinthegapswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.1.Imbusyrightnow.I(fillin)anapplicationformforanewjob.2.Mytutor(see)meforatutorialeveryMondayattwooclock.3.John(not/study)veryhardatthemoment.I(not/think)hellpasshisexams.4.What(he/do)?He(try)tofixthetelevisionaerial.5.Animals(breathein)oxygenand()carbondioxide.6.Bequiet!I(want)tohearthenews.7.Inmycountrywe(drive)ontheright-handsideoftheroad.8.MyfriendJoesparents(travel)roundtheworldthissummer,andprobablywontbelackforacoupleofmonths.9.Thecollege(run)thesamecourseeveryyear.10.Thenumberofwildbutterflies(fall)asaresultofchangesinfarmingmethods.,mfillingin,sees,isntstudying,dontthink,shedoing,strying,breathein,giveout,want,drive,aretravelling,runs,isfalling,Fillinthegapswiththeverbsintheboxinthecorrectpresenttense.,We1energyforthreemainthings:electricityproduction,heatingandtransport.Forthefirsttwo,we2optionssuchassolarandwindpower,andnaturalgas.Butoilisstilltheworldsnumberonesourceofenergy,andfortransportatleast,thereiscurrentlynoalternative.InChina,domesticenergyconsumption3yearbyyearanddemandinsimilarregions4fast.We5howtouseenergymoreefficientlynowthaninthepastbuttheworldwideriseindemand6concernamongstexperts.Someexperts7thatoilsupplieswillstarttofallwithinthenexttwentyyears.Mostexperts8thatweneedtofindanewsourceofenergysoon.,Fillinthegapswiththeverbsintheboxinthecorrectpresenttense.,We1useenergyforthreemainthings:electricityproduction,heatingandtransport.Forthefirsttwo,we2haveoptionssuchassolarandwindpower,andnaturalgas.Butoilisstilltheworldsnumberonesourceofenergy,andfortransportatleast,thereiscurrentlynoalternative.InChina,domesticenergyconsumption3isgoingupyearbyyearanddemandinsimilarregions4iscatchingupfast.We5knowhowtouseenergymoreefficientlynowthaninthepastbuttheworldwideriseindemand6iscausingconcernamongstexperts.Someexperts7thinkthatoilsupplieswillstarttofallwithinthenexttwentyyears.Mostexperts8agreethatweneedtofindanewsourceofenergysoon.,扩展：catch抓住,捕捉catchtheballcatchup赶上，主要是指“赶上汽车、火车等交通工具”或“赶上看节目”聊天叙旧e.g.Letsgograbsomecoffeeandcatchupforawhile.catchupwith（介词短语，with不可以省略，+sb/sth）赶上某人e.g.Iwillcatchupwithyouagaininafewminutes.几分钟后我会再次赶上你。补上工作e.g.CanIcatchupwiththematerialsoritistoolate?我能对材料做下补充吗？或者是不是太晚了？catchupon事后得到关于的消息e.g.Helovestocatchuponthenewsafteratripabroad.赶完，补上sleep补觉thebills付清账单work赶工作study补课，补习,PastSimple一般过去时,Weusethepastsimpletotalkaboutsinglepastcompletedactions.Oftenthetimeismentioned:Afewweeksago,awomancalledtoreportarobberyatherhouse.2)togiveaseriesofactionsintheorderthattheyhappened:Theburglarcameinthroughthefrontdoor,pickedupthewomanshandbag,emptieditoutandstoleherpurse.,3)totalkaboutpastrepeatedactions:Whenhissongotolder,heoftenwentouttovisithisfriendsafterschool.,4)totalkaboutlong-termsituationsinthepastwhicharenolongertrue:BillMurphyworkedforthepoliceforceforover17years.,Usedtowould用法,Weuseusedto+v原orwould+v原totalkaboutpastrepeatedactions:Sheusedtokeepthefrontdoorlocked.(butshestoppeddoingthis)Shewouldleavethedoorunlockedwhenevershewasathome.Weuseusedtotalkaboutpermanentsituationsthatareusuallynolongertrue:BillMurphyusedtoworkforthepoliceforce.2)Wedontuseusedtoifwewanttotalkabouthowlongthesituationslasted:BillMurphyworkedforthepoliceforceforover17years.注意：Wedontusewouldwithstateverb.,PastContinuous过去进行时,Weuseth