B8U1GRAMMAR名词性从句(GYQ.ppt

Unit1Grammar,ReviseNounClauses名词性从句考点解析,一.概念二.名词性从句解题思路三.名词性从句考点聚焦四.高考链接,TheSubjectClause(主语从句)TheObjectClause(宾语从句)ThePredicativeClause(表语从句)TheAppositiveClause(同位语从句),名词性从句相当于名词，可分别做主句的主语、表语、（动词/介词的）宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为:,一.概念,动词后介词后,指出下列各名词性从句的种类,1.Itdependsonwhetherhewillagreetotheplan.2.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.5.Heputforwardaproblemwhetherwestayorleave.,介词宾语从句,表语从句,动词宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,练一练,1.先判断从句的属性。属于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的哪一种。,二.名词性从句解题思路,A.若不做任何成分，引导词用that(无词义，在句中不充当任何成分)if/whether(有词义“是否”，但不充当任何成分)e.g.Ithinkthatheisright.e.g.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillcomeforavisittomorrow.,2.“先成分后含义”-先分析引导词在从句中的成分，之后靠含义直接翻译即可(缺什么意思，补什么意思)。,B.若做名词性成分,引导词用who,whom,whose,what,whatever,which.e.g.Whathegavemeisapairofglove.,C:若做状语成分，引导词用when,where,why,how,howmany,howlong,howfar,however,whenever,wherever（有词义，在句中充当状语）e.g.Idontknowwhyhewaslate.,1.判断从句类型2.分析从句中所缺成分3.选择正确的引导词4.确定答案,例1：_wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As,例2：Thenews_ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterdaysnewspaper.A.WhichB.whetherC.whatD.that,例3：-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.WhyB.whenC.whatD.where,C,D,A,三.名词性从句考点聚焦,考点一名词性从句的语序问题考点二名词性从句的主谓一致问题考点三引导词的选择that与what、which区别whether与if区别wh-与wh-ever区别考点四时态的前后呼应问题。考点五名词性从句的虚拟语气的问题考点六it在名词性从句中做形式主语或形式宾语的用法考点七同位语从句与定语从句的区分,考点一语序问题,1.Itmakesnodifferencewhereshallwehavethemeeting.()2.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.(),_,_,名词性从句：陈述语序,1)何时开会还没有决定。,Whenthemeetingwillbegin_(have)notbeendecidedyet.,2)他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式。,单数,复数,has,Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgo_(have)notbeendecidedyet.,3)何时何地开会还没有决定。,Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_(have)notbeendecidedyet.,has,单数,have,考点二、主谓一致,考点三、引导词的选择,that/wha/which区别,Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.,that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,不可省（在宾语从句及物动词后可省）what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）,1._hesaidsomadeusangry._hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo.（01全国）3.中国不再是过去的样子了。4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.（04天津）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,That,What,Chinaisnolonger_itusedtobe.,what,what,练一练,_isknowntousallisthatthe2012OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinLondon._isknowntousallthatthe2012Olympic_isknowntousall,the2012OlympicAItBWhatCAsDWhich,C,A,B,what引导主语从句，并在从句中做主语。,It做形式主语，真正主语是that从句。,as引导非限定语从句，并在从句中做主语。,what与which在引导名词性从句中，都要在从句中充当成分，都有实际意义，但是which在名词性从句中表选择，而what表意笼统。例如：1）Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.2）Hereare5pairs,canyoutellmewhichyouwouldliketobuy?,考点三、引导词的选择,ifVS.whether,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6Idontknow_togo.7.Thequestion_theworkwasworthdoinghasnotbeendecided.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,请你归纳,a.主语从句并在句首b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.直接加动词不定式只能用whether（todo）gwhetherornot直接连用时不用if,只能使用whether的情况：,请你归纳,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,Who/what/which引导名词性从句时含有疑问意义Whatever/whoever/whichever(=anything/anybodythat)引导名词性从句时，比what,who,which更强调，不表示疑问意思，表示的是一种泛指关系。,考点三、引导词的选择,wh-引导的名词性从句与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别,who/whomwhoever/whomever,1.Iwonder_willleavetheroomlast._leaveslastoughttoturnoffthelight.2._wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who3.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterest.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,who,Whoever,考点四、时态问题,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,atthistimeyesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,whatyouweredoing,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertoldus_.,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,lighttravelsinastraightline,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,1.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.2.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that.3.表示建议、命令、要求等词后的宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句等名词性从句中，要用should+动词原形，should可省略。常见的词有：,考点五、名词性从句的虚拟语气的问题,一个坚持（insist）；两个命令（order，command）；三个建议（suggestpropose，advise）；四个要求（demand，require,request,desire）。,外加一个推荐（recommend）,1Itisstrangethathe_withoutsayinggood-byetousAshouldgooutBwentCwouldgooutDgoesout2Theykeeptellingusthatitisimportantthatwe_thereontimeAwouldbeBareCwereDbe3Itwasrequiredthateachstudent_enoughfoodforthepicnic.AbringBbroughtCwouldbringDhadbrought,注意：suggest（1）表建议时从句用虚拟；（2）表“表明、暗示”时句不用虚拟。Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Mikecamehomequickly，whichsuggestedthatshehadpassedtheexam.insist表“坚决主张要做某事”，从句用虚拟；表“坚持认为已经发生的客观情况时”，从句不用虚拟。Theyoungmaninsistedthathehaddonenothingwrongand(should)besetfree.,考点六、it作形式主语或形式宾语,考例1:_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It,D,ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.,考例2:Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them,A,有些动词如hate,love,appreciate等后习惯加代词it,再接宾语从句。,1_isourbeliefthatimprovementinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.06浙)A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It2Idappreciate_ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisDyou,同位语从句跟定语从句都是修饰名词，关键在于这名词在从句中是否充当成分。1）如果充当成分就是定语从句2）不充当成分就是同位语从句1.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.2.Thenewsyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.,考点七、同位语从句与定语从句的区别,同位语从句的简易判断方法：我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。eg:Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.,Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat.,1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.,判断：定语从句(AT),同位语从句(AP),2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportiscoming.,3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.,4.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.5.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,AP,AT,AP,AT,AP,1).Sydneykepthispromise_(what/that)hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.2).Wearegoingtodiscussthequestion_(whether/if)weshoulddoit.3)Thequestion_(why/that)hediditinsuchawayhasnotbeenanswered.,试一试,that,whether,why,*某些固定搭配或句型:1.Idoubtwhether/Idontdoubtthat2.ThereissomedoubtwhetherThereisnodoubtthat3.ThereasonisthatThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatImissedthetrain.4.ImsurethatImnotsurewhether5.Itisnowonderthat6.Itissaid/reported/hopedthat,典型错误及归纳,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.,Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?,Idontknowwherehehasgone.,Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.,规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.,Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.,Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.,规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！,问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.,Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.,Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent.,HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.,规律三：4种情况只能用whether：（1）位于句子开头；（2）前面有介词；（3）引导表语从句；（4）与ornot连用。,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesntmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.,it,it,that,whether,规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。,问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？,1.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodonthave_wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.（2010福建