《非谓语复习总结》PPT课件.ppt

按动词是否作谓语可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),与主语在人称一致,与主语在人称一致,表示动作发生的时间,主语是动作的发生者或者承受者,说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等,Heisastudent.第三人称Iamreadingnow.第一人称,Hewriteswell.第三人称单数,Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态,WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动,HehasflowntoAmerica.事实IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望Openthedoortolettheairin.要求,2、非谓语动词,Thecupisbroken.,非谓语动词的逻辑主语：谓语动词需要真正的主语指明动作的发出者，而非谓语动词是不用作谓语的动词,所以它没有真正的主语。但是，作为动词的一种形式,非谓语动词也应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语,即动作涉及的对象.Itisinterestingformetoreadthisstory.请指出句子中非谓语动词的逻辑主语：Ioftenhearhimsingingthissong.Ioftenhearthissongsung.Isawherbeingtakentotheoperatingroom.,(1)（主语一致）分词作状语，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子主语，否则会出错。Findinghercarstolen,_.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp,（2）分词的独立主格结构A若主语不一致，则应改用其他句型：误：Crossingtheroad,acarknockedhimdown.正：Crossingtheroad,hewasknockeddownbyacar.正：Whenhewascrossingtheroad,acarknockedhimdown.B主语不一致还可在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格结构.,独立主格结构:1“名词/代词+分词”，通常作状语。Hersonbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.Therebeingiceontheroad,Itoldthedrivertoslowdown.Workfinished,helefthome.Thesubjecthavingbeenopened，hehadtogoonwithit.,Withhishomeworkfinished,hewenttoseeafilm.Ourschoollooksmorebeautifulwithalltheflowerscomingout.Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingMrGreenshouse.Withmuchhomeworktodo,hedecidesnottogototheparty.,2with/without的复合结构,（3）垂悬分词,也叫无依着分词：分词的主语既不与句子主语一致，分词本身又非独立主格结构。垂悬分词的表达及用途相对固定,有些垂悬分词词组已被当作固定词组来看待.,A说话者用垂悬分词引出话题，如：talkingof，gettingbackto，comingto等，意思为“谈到，关于，回到”等。Gettingbacktoourstory，theprincesswaskilledComingtothisquestion，Isayno,B.垂悬分词表明说话者的说话方式，如：franklyspeaking，generallyspeaking，roughlyspeaking,brieflyspeakingGenerallyspeaking，dogsaremorefaithfultomenthancats,C有些垂悬分词或词组表明说话的依据或视角，如：judgingfrom，accordingto，considering,takingintoconsideration,concerning，regarding，given,owingto等Consideringthelowprice，thecarisworthbuyingGiventhesefacts,whyareartistsareaskedto,D有些垂悬分词或词组表示条件，如：providing（that），provided（that），supposing，意思为“if或with”。例如：Providedthatafilmentertains，fewpeoplecareaboutitsothermeritsSupposingthistobetrue，heiscertainlythemurderer,不定式作独立成份（状语或插入语）totellthetruthtobehonest/frank/exacttobegin/startwithtobebrief(brieflyspeaking)tomakematters/thingsworsetodohimjustice(说句对他公道的话）,非谓语动词的复合结构,一不定式的复合结构for/ofsbtodosth1Itseasyforustorememberafewnewwords.2IfinditimpossibleforTomtopasstheexam.3Theboxistooheavyformetotake.4Thisisforyoutodecide.5Thereisnoneedforyoutoworry.6Itskindofyoutohelpus.,非谓语动词的复合结构,二、-ing的复合结构(逻辑主语是有生命的名词时)1作主语:Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangry.Itsnouseyourtellingmenottoworry.2作宾语:Motherinsistedonmybrothersgoingtocollege.(mybrothergoing)Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?(meopening)3作表语:Whatistroublingusistheirnothavingenoughmoney.,V-ing的复合结构2逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词时，只用普通格。Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.,不定式表结果常与下列结构连用:A,so+adj/adv+as(not)todo(如此以至于(没）)Imnotsostupidastodothat.B,such+(adj)n+as(not)todo(如此以至于(不)Imnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.C,enough+n+todo(足够)Idonthaveenoughmoneytobuyacar.D,adj/adv+enough+todo(足已到/能)Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.E,too+adj/adv+todo(太以至于不能)Imtootiredtogoanyfurther.,省to不定式的固定句型1,hadbetter(not)do2,wouldratherdo.thando3,prefertodo.ratherthando4,cannotbutdo不得不必然5,cannothelpbutdo.不得不Eg:IcouldnothelpbutrealizethatIwaswrong6,donothingbutdo.nothingtodobut/exceptdo只能，只有Eg:Ihadnothingtodobutwaitthere.,省to不定式的固定句型7,why(not)do.8,当主语部分有do，则表语可省toEg:WhatIwanttodois(to)runaschool=Hiswishistorunaschool9,当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带to外,其余的不加。Shetoldthechildtostaythereandwaittillshecameback.注意平行结构：Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.Toseeistobelieve.,（非）谓语动词的做题步骤1.判断该用谓动还是非谓动.方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。(回忆动词作谓语的形式）2、如是谓语动词就考虑时态和语态3、如是非谓语动词：1）找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般跟句子的主语一致。（不一致，考虑独立主格结构、垂悬分词）2）判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。3）判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。4）固定句型或短语确定非谓语动词的形式注意非谓语动词的一般式及变化体,非谓语动词形式,非谓语动词用法比较详析,动词不定式的时态,Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.,.一般式(todo).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与谓语动词之后发生。,.进行式(tobedoing),1.Ipretendedtobereadingwhenmothercamein.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,不定式的进行时态常用在appear,happen,pretend,seem等动词后。,动词不定式的时态,完成式（tohavedone),如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。,Charlesisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthefirstcomputer.Heseemstohaveboughtthebook.,不定式的完成式常用在appear,consider,believe,said,hope,seem等表示看法与想法的动词后。,动词不定式的被动式,Theproblemsremainstobesolved.SheissaidtohavebeensenttoEuropeonbusiness,不定式的逻辑主语是执行者，不定式用主动。不定式的逻辑主语不是执行者，不定式用被动。,1_thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.(2008浙江卷)NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized2_toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.(2008重庆卷)A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed3_manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.(2009四川卷)ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold4_twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.(2009北京卷)A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten,-ing形式:1一般式doing表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.2完成式having+done表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.3一般式被动Beingsurroundedbyacrowdoffans,hecantmoveastepfurther.4完成被动式Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking。,注意：beingdone的用法1.状语2.后置定语Themeetingbeingheldisimportant.3.宾语Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.DoyoumindJanesbeingleftaloneathome?Ihatebeingcriticizedfornothing.,固定搭配：必须用-ed做状语belocatedinbefixedonbeburiedinbelockedbelostinthoughtbedressedinbecaughtintherainbeseparatedfrombesatisfiedwithbeseatedbeengagedinbearmedwithLostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.,1.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman_inbed,dead.,