定语从句72973.doc

定 语 从 句I. 定语从句关系词 1. 引入课题1. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4. Where is the boy _ broke the window?5. Luckily none of the people _were killed in the earthquake.2. 定语从句概念在复合句中，修饰某_的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的_叫先行词。Eg. He is an English teacher who likes singing songs. 关系代词 : 引导词 关系副词: _关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词关系副词3. 关系词的作用： 1、连接作用 2、替代作用 3、成分作用 例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.例4: The question_ I dont understand is about 4. 练习：用定语从句合并句子。1. The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. _ 2. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister. _ 3. We watched the play “Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao She. _4. The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday._5. This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. _II. 关系代词的具体用法1.由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which (1) This is the man who helped me. (作 ) (2) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2E (作 )(3) Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? (作 ) Do you know the man _ is Wang Yu ? (4) Mary lives in the house whose roof is red. (作 ) Mary lives in the house_ is red.练习： 1. The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2. I like the rooms _windows face south.3. This is the desk _legs were broken. 4. Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. that2. Which引导的定语从句。which在从句做主语或谓语动词和介词的宾语。 The building which stands near the river is our school. (作 ) This is the book (which) you want. (作 ) The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. (作 )which引导的非限制性定语从句。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much.3. 由that引导的定语从句。 that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语。A plane is a machine that can fly. (作 )The letter that I received was from my father.（作 ）但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。This is the school in that you will study. ( )This is the school in which you will study. ( )This is the school (which/that) you will study in. ( )特别关注1：只能用that不能用which的情况：1）当先行词是不定代词all,much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时；2）当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰正好), any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时；This is the bery person that Im waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时；This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是被用于防止污染的最好的方法。4) 当先行词是序数词或它全面有序数词修饰时；This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.5）当先行词既有人又有物时；6）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时即当主句以who或which开头时;Which is the bile that you lost?巩固练习：1). Is there anything _ you dont understand about the problem?2). The worst matter_Im afraid of happened in the end.3). All the presents_your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.4). This is the very book _I have been looking for.特别关注2：只能用which /who/whom做关系代词的情况1.)在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人. He lives in a hotel, _ is only five minutes walk from here. 2.)在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 He hasnt got enough money with _ he can buy the computer. 3.)先行词为those, one, he时多用who。Those_break laws will be punished.巩固练习: Choose: that , which or who?:1).He did all / everything _he could to help me.2).This is the very thing _I am after.3)We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4)He is the only man _ can do the work.5)This is the first thing _ I want to say.6)He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7)Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate?8)Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth?Choose: that , which ,whose, whom or who?1)Is there anything else _ you want to say?2)Any person _ _has the money can join the group.3)He often speaks the role he played in the play, _- made others upset.4)He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy.5)The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.6)The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.特别关注3：“one of可数名词复数”引导的定语从句1)“one of可数名词复数做先行词,谓语动词应用_2)“one of可数名词复数”前有the，only或the only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用_。(1.) He is the only one of the students _ the truth. A. who know B. who knows C. that know D. who are knowing (2.) “Thirty-nine Steps” is one of the most exciting films _ directed by Alfred Hotchcock. A. which was B. that was C. that were D. which were特别关注4：the way 后的定语从句引导词用_.Eg: I dont like the way _ he speaks to his mother.4. as引导的定语从句: as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成the same as, such as等结构。 I want to have such a dictionary_ he has. I shall do it in the same way _ you did. I like the same book _ you do. as引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。 The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. As is known to all, he studies very hard. As we all know, China is a developing country. 注意：which 和 as 的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 没有。 从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，as只可以作宾语，不可以做主语，而which 都可以。巩固练习：1. Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. whatC. whatever D. that2. He told me all _ he knew.A. which B. whatC. that D. how3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whomC. whatD. which4. Is the river _ through that town very large?A. which flowsB. flows C. that flowing D. whose flows5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6. The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _A. /, beautifullyB. that ,wonderfullyC. which , well D./, nice7. The result of the experiment was very good, _we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. whichD. what8. You may keep any _ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom9. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help.A. to whom B. who C. from whom D. that10. The Great Wall is the last place _Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.A. where B. which C. / D. what11.They study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat12. Next Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which13. He isnt the man _ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich14. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black Awhich Bwhich of Cits Dwhose5. 关系副词引导的定语从句：1、由where引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰一个表示_的名词时,常用where引导。A book office is a place where tickets are sold.Where 在从句中做状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于in+ which，所以此句可以改为：A book office is a place_ tickets are sold.因此定语从句中关系副词where= 介词 +which .2、定语从句在修饰一个表示_的名词时，常用when 引导。I still remember the year when we studied together.When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词”I still remember the year _we studied together.I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.3、由why引导的定语从句。关系副词why 的先行词只有_ , 在从句中表示原因状语。Do you know the reason why I left early?Why 在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于for which Do you know the reason _I left early?但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which .The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable关系代词和关系副词的选用 在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词，要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。1).定语从句主干完整，用关系_引导，2).定语从句主干不完整，用关系_引导 1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.6 介词+关系代词引导定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句多用于正式文体中，这样的关系代词主要是which, whom , whose .This is the house my grandfather once lived .The film Im speaking is to be shown next week .This is the man I learn the news.如何选用结构中的介词(1) 根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配 _ which I spent five Yuan . _which I paid five Yuan This is the book _ which I learnt a lot _which there are few new words _ which Tom often talks 根据先行词的搭配习惯 the day _ which I joined the league.I still remember the days _ which I lived in the country. the years _which I stayed there.7. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切（删去影响整个意思表达）和先行词关系不密切（一种补充说明，删去不影响全句意思的表达）不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that关系代词可省略（但在从句中作宾语）关系代词不可以省略只可修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分除修饰先行词还可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分暗示被修饰的先行词不是唯一的表示被修饰的先行词是唯一的翻译时先翻译从句在翻译主句翻译时先译主句再译从句8.练习巩固做题技巧四步骤：1.找定语从句; 2.找先行词;3.看先行词在从句中充当何种成分; 4.确定关系词1.Is this museum _ we visited last year? Is this the museum _we visited last year? A. the one B. that C. where D. in which2.Can you tell me the reason _ you were late for the class last night? I dont believe the reason _ he explained last night. A. why B. that C. how D. what3. Do you still remember the day_you joined the army? Do you still remember the day_you spent with all of us? A. when B. that C. in which D. in that4.The hall _window faced east was torn down. The hall _ faced east was torn down.A. whose B. which C. who D. in that5.He is the only one of the students who _by the teacher. He is one of the students who _by the teacher. A. is praised B. praise C. are praised D. praises6.My mother will go to BeiJing _ she will attend an important meeting. My mother worked in BeiJing _had many high buildings.A. where B. that C. when D. who7.This is the college _ they once studied. This is the college _ they once visited. A. there B. where C. that D. what8. The engineer _ my father is talking has just come from abroad. A. with whom B. with who C. with which D. that 9.Is there anything _ I can do for you? . A. which B. who C. as D. that 10. The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _are known to us. A. which B. that C. as D. who 11. This is the reason _ they are all against the plan. A. which B. that C. why D. what 12. This is _ I can do for you right now. A. which B. that C. what D. as 13. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 14. On the train I saw a student _ I thought was your sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 15. Is this college _ they went to last year? A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what16. Is this the university _ you visited last time? A. that one B. which C. the one D. the one what 17. Id like to tell you _ I saw in the exhibition. A. which B. that C. what D. / 18. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. that C .whose D. whom 19. The bike and its rider