大学医学英语词缀.ppt

Unit3,Smoking,Lead-inBackgroundInformationWordsandPhrasesMedicalsuffixTranslationSentencesAssignment,Lead-inPart-smoking,Whatdoesalengthofcigaretteconsistof?Inotherwords,Whyisthecigarettesocharmingtosomepeople?,Nicotine尼古丁tar焦油一氧化碳carbonmonoxide一氧化氮nitricoxide氢氰酸丙烯醛,Brainstorming:,1.Inwhatwayissmokingharmful?,2.Whatadvicewouldyougivetosomeonewhowantedtoquitsmoking?,Fromthemedicalviewpoint,Smokingcanleadtostroke.,Smokingmaycausetheotherdiseases:,哮喘Asthmasm,z-肺癌lungcancer肺气肿emphysema,emfisi:m.,Respiratorysystem,Pharynxfriks咽部Larynxlriks喉部Tracheatrki:气管Bronchibrkai支气管Bronchiolebrkiuln.解剖细支气管Alveolilvilain.肺泡；齿槽；巢房,Respiratorysystem,Theprimaryfunctionoftherespiratorysystemistosupplythebloodwithoxygeninorderforthebloodtodeliveroxygentoallpartsofthebody.Therespiratorysystemdoesthisthroughbreathing.Whenwebreathe,weinhaleoxygenandexhalecarbondioxide.Thisexchangeofgasesistherespiratorysystemsmeansofgettingoxygentotheblood.,Respirationisachievedthroughthemouth,nose,trachea,lungs,anddiaphragm.Oxygenenterstherespiratorysystemthroughthemouthandthenose.Theoxygenthenpassesthroughthelarynx(wherespeechsoundsareproduced)andthetracheawhichisatubethatentersthechestcavity.Inthechestcavity,thetracheasplitsintotwosmallertubescalledthebronchi.Eachbronchusthendividesagainformingthebronchialtubes.,Thebronchialtubesleaddirectlyintothelungswheretheydivideintomanysmallertubeswhichconnecttotinysacscalledalveoli.Theaverageadultslungscontainabout600millionofthesespongy,air-filledsacsthataresurroundedbycapillaries.Theinhaledoxygenpassesintothealveoliandthendiffusesthroughthecapillariesintothearterialblood.Meanwhile,thewaste-richbloodfromtheveinsreleasesitscarbondioxideintothealveoli.Thecarbondioxidefollowsthesamepathoutofthelungswhenyouexhale.,2.HowtoBanSmoking?,NosmokingDayfirstlystartedinAmericain1984.Itaimedatallpeoplewhowouldliketogiveupsmoking,includingteenagers.Eachyear,manycountriescarryout(进行)allkindsofcampaigns(活动)onthisdaytohelpsmokerstoquit.,NoSmokingDayMay,31st禁烟日,BanSmoking,AdsofForbidingsmoking,Individual,BackgroundInformation,First-handsmokingSecond-handsmokingThird-handsmoking,First-handsmoking,Wecanlookatcigarettesmokeinthreeways.Mainstream(firsthand)smokeisthesmokethatasmokerinhales.Obviously,itisharmfultobesmoker,althoughthecigarettefiltersiftssomeofthetoxins(tar)out.,Second-handsmoking,Secondhandsmokeisthecombinationofthemainstreamsmokethatcomeofftheburningendofthecigaretteintotheenvironment.Volumeforvolume,side-streamsmokeismorehazardousthanmainstreamsmokebecauseitisunfiltered.,Third-handsmoking,WinickoffandColleagueshavenowgivenusanewnameforthetoxicparticlesthatsettleasdustinroomsandonclothingthathavebeenexposedtocigarettesmoke.Theycallthisthird-handsmoke,or“residualtobaccosmokecontaminationthatremainsafterthecigaretteisextinguished.”,Insummary,Whilefirst-handsmokeisthatinhaleddirectlybythesmokerandsecond-handisthesmokeexhaled(andinhaledbyothers),third-handsmokeistheresiduefromsecond-handsmoke.,TEXTQuestions:,1.Whatissmokinganditshistory?,2.Whatdiseasescansmokingcause?,3.Whatisthecurrentsituationoftobacco-causeddiseases?,重点四、六级词汇表,Fromoverview:InhaleevolveofferingsalterenlightenmentinstituteCurbdeterenforceprematuredeathbecitedasFromSIVC1:Well-documentednegatesurvivaloddsquitthehabitsFromSIVC2:beassociatedwith=belinkedtokickthehabitspostponeFromSIVC3:Takeupthehabitovertakesusceptibletrigger,FromSIVC4:Pickupexposeout-rateddepictharnessFromS1VC5:PutdoubttoarestshakethehabitplagueIncontradictiondownsideontheriseresonateFromS1VC6:BehookedonaddictivescreeninghorninfuelFromS1VC7:ClaimlethalcrunchbesubjecttocommentonregulateproponentFromS1VC8:Treacherousresidualextinguishair-boundcompoundsLinger,WordsandPhrases,Inhalev.Evolvev.Offeringsn.Enlightenmentn.Institutev.Launchv.Enforcev.,Inhalev.totakeair,smoke,gas,oyourlungsasyoubreathes吸入，吸气,Sheclosedhereyesandinhaleddeeply.她合上双眼，深深地吸了一口气。Heinhaleddeeplyonanothercigarette.他又点了一根烟，深深地吸了一口。Localresidentsneededhospitaltreatmentafterinhalingfumesfromthefire.反义词Exhalev.名词InhalationHundredsofchildrenweretreatedforsmokeinhalation.,evolve,Developgradually,especiallyfromasimpletoamorecomplicatedform;使.逐渐发展，形成Thecompanyhasevolvedintoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.Eachschoolmustevolveitsownwayofworking.每个学校必须形成自己的办学方式。,offerings,Sth.ThatisgiventoaGodaspartofreligiousworship贡品Allthesesacrificesareespeciallyofferingstothegods.所有供奉是专门献给上帝的贡品。用品，作品,剧作ThatisthehottestofferingsfromtheChinesewriter.startlingeverystepby桐华,Enlightenmentn.,Theenligtenment启蒙Knowledgeaboutandunderstandingofsth.Thenewspaperprovidedlittleenlightenmentaboutthecauseofthecarcrash.,Institutev/n.,N.institutesofhighereducation高等学校V.introduceasystem,policy,startaprocess建立，制定；开始，实行Thenewmanagementintendstoinstituteanumberofchanges.Institutecriminalproceedingsagainstsb.对某人提起诉讼。,launchv.,In1970,Chinasuccessfullylaunchedaman-madesatellite.1970年，中国成功地发射了一颗人造卫星。Theylaunchedaviolentattackontheenemyatdawn.他们在拂晓时向敌人发动猛攻。Themunicipalgovernmentwilllaunchanextensivepublicworksprogramnextyear.市政府将于明年开始一项大规模的市政工程计划。,Enforcev.强制执行,Enforcesth.On/againstsb/sth.MakesurethatpeopleobeyaparticularlaworruleItisthejobofpolicetoenforcethelaw.Youcannotenforcecooperationbetweentheplayers.,decreasev./n.,n.insth./ofsth.Therehasbeenadecreaseofnearly5%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.V.decreasefrom.to.Thepriceofwheathasdecreasedfrom1yuanperJinto9maoperJin.,下降,Decrease/decline/reducetheriskof+疾病Theriskof疾病drops/falls/declinetothelevel,Deterv.,Tomakesb.decidenottodosth.orcontinuedoingsth,especiallybymakingthemunderstandthedifficulitiesandunpleasantresultsoftheiractions制止，威慑，使不敢ItoldhimIwasntinterested,buthewasnotdeterred.我已告诉他我不感兴趣，可他却不罢休。Thehighpriceoftheservicecoulddeterpeoplefromseekingadvice.这么高的服务费可能使咨询者望而却步。,hook-1,v.,deviceusedforcatchingorholdingthings钩子，钩状物,catchsth.byhook钩住,hook-2,把你的衬衫挂到挂钩上。Hangyourshirtonahook.Ihookeda20-poundfishlastweek.我上周钓到了一条20磅的大鱼。Thecigaretteadsaredesignedtohookyoungpeople.这香烟广告设计得很吸引年轻人,hook-3,被吸引;着迷；迷上使某人摆脱困境某人/沉溺某事,be/gethookedonlet/getsomebodyoffthehookhookupwithsb/sth.,Structures,BACK,ShakethesmokinghabitKickthehabitGetridofthehabitQuitthehabit,影响,Influence/affect/impactsb.significantly/profoundly/negatively/positively短语haveaprofound/significant/negative/positive/influence/effect/impactonsth.动词还可以用exertanimportanteffecton,重点医学词汇表,FromOverview:Shortenlife-span缩短寿命Prematuredeath早逝FromS1VC1:Survivalodds存活率Lungcancer肺癌FromS1VC2:cardiovasculardisease心血管疾病stroke中风Cognitivetest/ability/decline认知测试/能力/下降Mentaldecline智力下降,FromS1VC3:COPD慢性阻塞性肺病Airway呼吸道FromS1VC4:NationalCancerInstitute美国癌症研究机构FromS1VC5:Smokingcessation停止吸烟FromS1VC6:Epidemiology流行病学Nicotinedependence尼古丁依赖性Receptor受体,FromS1VC8:Cancer-causingsubstances=carcinogenicsubstance致癌物Exposuretothetoxins接触毒素,词根词缀,anti-pre-meta-pulmono-carcino-gen,复习Cardio-Vaso-,Anti-against抗,Antidepressant抗抑郁剂Antinauseant止恶心的，止恶心药，防晕药Antioxidant抗氧化剂，抗氧化的,Pre-before在前,Precarcinomatous癌前期的Precardiac心前的Precava上腔静脉,Pulm(o)-plmulung,Pulmometry肺容量测定Pulmolith肺石Pulmonal肺的Pulmonectomy肺切除术Pulmonitis肺炎,Pneum(o)-lung,air,Pneumonia肺炎Pneumocyte肺泡细胞，肺细胞Pneumonosis肺病PneumonopathyPneumocentesis肺穿刺术,Meta-变，转，偏,Metabolism新陈代谢Aerobicmetabolism有氧代谢Invitrometabolism体外代谢,Carcino-cancer癌,Chemicalcarcinogen化学致癌物Carcinostatic抑制癌生长的，制癌的Brochogeniccarcinoma支气管癌,-genagent原,Antigen抗原OxygenHydrogen,Cardio-heartcardiacasthma心源性哮喘cardiacinsufficiency心功能不全Vaso-bloodvesselVasodilatation血管扩张Vasoligation输精管结扎,Translation,Manygovernmentsaretryingtodeterpeoplefromsmokingwithanti-smokingcampaignsinmassmediastressingtheharmfullong-termeffectsofsmoking.Passivesmoking,orsecond-handsmoking,whichaffectspeopleintheimmediatevicinityofsmokers,isamajorreasonfortheenforcementofsmokingbans（p37.line1-4para5）.许多政府通过媒体展开了各种禁烟运动，强调吸烟所导致的长期危害，促使人们戒烟。被动吸烟，或二手烟（吸烟会影响吸烟者身边的人）成为执行禁烟令的主要原因。,overview,Tobacco-relateddiseasesaresomeofthebiggestkillersintheworldtodayandarecitedasoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathinindustrializedcountries.IntheUnitedStatessome500,000deathsperyearareattributedtosmoking-relateddiseases(p38.line1-4inthelastpara).当今世界，与烟草有关的疾病成为最大健康杀手之一。此外，在工业化国家，这些疾病被列为过早死亡的最主要原因之一。美国每年有五十万人死于吸烟有关的疾病。,Threes