新世纪大学英语4册6单元.ppt

ReadandExplore,Unit6AttitudestoLife,GetStarted,ListenandRespond,OptionalClassroomActivities,EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness,Workinpairsorgroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.,Haveyoueverexperiencedanydifficulttimeinyourlife?Pleasesaysomethingaboutit.Whatdoyouthinkistherightattitudetowardsproblemsinoneslife?Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkoneshouldpossesstosurvivetoughtimes?,GetStarted-discussion,Quotes1,Studythefollowingquotesaboutattitudestowardslifeanddiscussinpairswhatyoucanlearnfromthem.,Quotes1,Attitudeisalittlethingthatmakesabigdifference.WinstonChurchill,Interpretation:Bythisquote,Churchillstressestheimportanceofattitudetowardslife.Wecanchoosetofocusonnegativethoughtsthatleaveusfeelinginsecure,frightenedandcynical,orwecanchoosetofocusonpositivethoughtsthatgiveuscourage,strength,andhope.Itisattitudethatmakesthedifference.,ClickPicture,Quotes2,Lifeistenpercentwhathappenstoyouandninetypercenthowyourespondtoit.LouHoltz,Interpretation:Weallhavetroublesandproblems.Somepeopletakeapositiveattitudetowardsadversitiesinlifewhileothersrespondtothemnegatively.Yourhappinessandsuccessdependlargelyonhowyourespondtowhathappenstoyou.,ClickPicture,quotes,Interpretation:Wecanreshapeourlivesbychangingourattitudes.,Humanbeings,bychangingtheinnerattitudesoftheirminds,canchangetheouteraspectsoftheirlives.WilliamJames,ClickPicture,quotes,Interpretation:Wetendtobebotheredtoomuchandfortoolongbyourfailuresanddisappointments,somuchsothatwedontseeingoodtimethenewopportunitythathasalreadyopeneditsdoortous.,Whenonedoorofhappinesscloses,anotheropens,butoftenwelooksolongatthecloseddoorthatwedonotseetheonewhichhasbeenopenedforus.HelenKeller,ClickPicture,clickhere,ForrestGumpisa1994Americanepicromanticcomedy-dramafilm.ThestorydepictsseveraldecadesinthelifeofForrestGump,anaveandslow-wittedyetathleticallyprodigiousnativeofAlabamawhowitnesses,andinsomecasesinfluences,someofthedefiningeventsofthelatterhalfofthe20thcenturyintheUnitedStates;morespecifically,theperiodbetweenForrestsbirthin1944and1982.,Watchthefollowingvideoclip“ForrestGump”andthencompletethetasksthatfollow:,clickhere,clickhere,clickhere,video,Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtowhatyouhearfromthevideoclip.,Deathisjustapartoflife.Somethingwerealldestinedtodo.Ididntknowit,butIbeyourmama.IdidthebestIcould.Youdidgood,Mama.Well,Ibelieveyoumakeyourowndestiny.Youhavetodothebestwithwhat.Whatsmydestiny,Mama?Youregoingtohavetoforyourself.Lifeisaboxofchocolates,Forrest.Youwhatyouaregoingtoget.,wasdestinedto,happento,Godgaveyou,figurethatout,neverknow,_,_,_,_,_,video,clickhere,clickhere,video,2.Discussthetopicwithyourgroupmembers:Howdoyouviewdestinyanddeathinyourlife?(Open.),clickhere,unpredictablea.thatcannotbepredicted无法预言的，不可预测的negativityn.fmlatendencytoconsideronlythebadsideofsth./sb.正式否定（性）；消极（性）upagainsthavingtofaceordealwith面临self-motivateda.beingkeentodosth.orachievesth.withoutbeingtoldtodoso自我激励的，有工作激情的,ListenandRespondWordBank,Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.,Lhowsparkling;howbrilliant!,In-Depth,9Holdfasttolife,butnotsofastthatyoucannotletgo.Thisisthesecondsideoflifescoin,theoppositepoleofitsparadox:wemustacceptourlosses,andlearnhowtoletgo.,8Herethenisthefirstpoleoflifesparadoxicaldemandsonus:Nevertoobusyforthewonderandtheaweoflife.Berespectfulbeforeeachdawningday.Embraceeachhour.Seizeeachgoldenminute.,7Theinsightgleanedfromthatexperienceisreallyascommonplaceaswastheexperienceitself:lifesgiftsarepreciousbutwearetoocarelessofthem.,In-Depth,10Thisisnotaneasylessontolearn,especiallywhenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisourstocommand,thatwhateverwedesirewiththefullforceofourpassioncan,andwillbeours.Butthenlifemovesalongtoconfrontuswithrealities,andslowlybutsurelythissecondtruthdawnsuponus.,In-Depth,11Ateverystageoflifewesustainlossesandgrowintheprocess.Webeginourindependentlivesonlywhenwecometothisworld.Weenterschools,thenweleaveourmothersandfathersandourchildhoodhomes.Wegetmarriedandhavechildrenandthenhave,In-Depth,toletthemgo.Weconfrontthedeathofourparentsandourspouses.Wefacethegradualornotsogradualweakeningofourownstrength.Andultimately,wemustconfronttheinevitabilityofourowndeath,losingourselves,asitwere,allthatwewereordreamedtobe.,13Inordertoresolvethisparadox,wemustseekawiderperspective,viewingourlivesasthroughwindowsthatopenoneternity.Oncewedothat,werealizethatthoughourlivesarefinite,ourdeedsonearthweaveatimelesspattern.,12Butwhyshouldwebereconciledtolifescontradictorydemands?Whyfashionthingsofbeautywhenbeautyisshort-lived?Whygiveourheartinlovewhenthosewelovewillultimatelybetornfromourgrasp?,In-Depth,15Dontspendandwasteyourlivesaccumulatingobjectsthatwillonlyturntodustandashes.Pursuenotsomuchthematerialastheideal,foridealsaloneinvestlifewithmeaningandareofenduringworth.,14Lifeisneverjustbeing.Itisabecoming,arelentlessflowingon.Ourparentsliveonthroughus,andwewillliveonthroughourchildren.Theinstitutionswebuildendure,andwewillendurethroughthem.Thebeautywefashioncannotbedimmedbydeath.Ourfleshmayperish,ourhandswillwither,butthebeautyandgoodnessandtruththeycreateliveonforalltimetocome.,In-Depth,16Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Addrighteousnesstoacityandyouhaveacommunity.Addtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.Addjusticetothefar-flungroundofhumanendeavorandyouhavecivilization.Putthemalltogether,elevatethemabovetheirpresentimperfections,addtothemthevisionofhumankindredeemed,foreverfreeofneedandconflictandyouhaveafuturelightedwiththeradiantcolorsofhope.,In-Depth,voicing,InTextA,theauthorsaysthatitisnoteasytolearnthesecondtruth:wemustacceptourlosses,andlearntoletgo.Howdoyouunderstandthesecondtruth?Workinpairsorgroupsandvoiceyourviews.Thefollowingquestionsmayhelpyoudevelopyourideas:,Whatdo“losses”herereferto?Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondtruth?Doyouthinkitisdifficulttolearnthesecondtruth?Couldyougiveanexampletoillustratethesecondtruth?(Open.),KeyWords(B),KeyWords(B),1.AlthoughIhavenohopesofeverskiingthatway,Idodreamoflivingwithabandon.(Para.1),2)Makeasentencewiththeitalicizedstructure.,AlthoughImnotongoodtermswithhim,Idohopehecouldrecoverfromhisillness.,1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,虽然我从不幻想我能够像他那样滑雪，但我的确向往能尽情地生活。,Sentences,2.Theysayheshouldstepasideandleavetherunningofthenationtomoredynamicandcapablemen.(Para.3),2)Paraphrasethesentence.,TheysaythatChurchillshouldresignandleavetheopportunityofleadingthenationtothosewhoareyounger,moreenergeticandmorecapable.,1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,他们说他应该让位，把掌管国家的大权交给更有朝气、更有能力的人。,Sentences,Youwillbecomeinseparableinthelivesofyourfamily,friendsandcolleaguesifyoushowyourgratitudeandencouragementtothemanddevoteyourtimeandenergytohelpingthemfulfilltheiraspirations.,3.Youcanbuildintothelivesofyourfamily,friendsandcolleaguesbyprovidingnutrientsofgratitudeandencouragement,andbyinvestingyourtimeandenergyintheiraspirations.(Para.6),2)Paraphrasethesentence.,1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,如果你想融入自己的家人、朋友和同事的生活之中，你就该给他们提供土壤，让他们学会感恩和鼓励别人。你还要投入时间和精力帮助他们实现自己的愿望。,Sentences,4.Thepagesofhistoryarefilledwiththeheroicstoriesofbravemenandwomenwhotriumphedoverdisabilitiesandadversitiestodemonstratevictoriousspirits.(Para.8),2)Makeasentencewiththeitalicizedstructure.,1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,历史的篇章充满了许多英勇无畏的人们的英雄故事，他们战胜了伤残和苦难，展示了赢家的风采。,Sentences,Thepagesofhistoryarefilledwiththebloodandtearsoftheoppressedpeoplewhostruggledthroughtheirhardlives.,Para.1,Comprehension,Paras.2-4,Comprehension,Paras.5-6,Comprehension,Paras.7-8,Comprehension,Paras.9-10,Comprehension,Para.11,Comprehension,Takethequizonthenextpageandfindoutyourattitudetowardslife.Behonestwithyourselfwhenyoumakeyourchoice.WritethenumberthatbestappliestoyouinthecolumnofYourAnswer.,Optional,Optional,AttitudeQuiz,Optional,Optional,Optional,QuizResultTofigureoutyourattitude,addupyouranswersinthefifthcolumnandwriteyourtotalscoreatthebottomofthetable.Ifyouscore:,Useful,UsefulExpressions,UsefulExpressionsfromTextA,ChineseEquivalences,turnoneseyesaway,holdfasttolife,紧紧把握人生,inourbackwardglance,thesunlighthitme,hurrytoandfro,witheyesfixedontheground,learnhowtoletgo,theworldisourstocommand,回首往事时,阳光正照在我身上,来去匆匆,双眼只盯着地面,学会放手,世界在我们的掌握之中,asitwere,就这样,Useful,UsefulExpressions,UsefulExpressionsfromTextA,ChineseEquivalences,turnoneseyesaway,havenohopesof,不幻想,livewithabandon,keepyourword,compareyourselftoothers,inthefaceofopposition,inoffice,havemylifetoliveover,尽情地生活,守信用,把自己与别人相比,在反对者面前,任职,让我重新生活一次,takemorechances,冒更大的风险,HypotheticalConditionalsinPresentandFutureTime,Grammar,Grammar,UsingwereinhypotheticalstatementsExamples:1)Ifmymotherwerehere,shewouldwantusalltowashourhands.2)IfMarywerecomingtotheparty,shecouldbringthepotatosalad.Explanation:IntheIfclauseofthehypotheticalconditionalstatement,“were”(ratherthanwas)isusedforasingularsubjectinformalEnglish.“Was”isoftenusedininformalsituations.,Grammar,非真实条件句1.if假设的条件与现在事实相反或不可能发生。则条件状语从句用一般过去时（任何be动词的原来形式一律改用were），主句用“would(should,could,might)+动词原形”。例如：,IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.Ifwehadtime,wecouldplaythegameagain.,2.if假设的条件与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时；“should+动词原形”；“wereto+动词原形”；主句：“would(should,could,might)+动词原形”。例如：,Grammar,Iftherewereraintomorrow,thegamewouldbeputoff.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.,Grammar,Now,dothetasksonPage183inyourtextbook.,Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordsonthetopic“AttitudesTowardsLife”.Yourwritingshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:,1)differentattitudespeopleholdtowardslife2)thebenefitsofholdingapositiveattitude3)waystodevelopapositiveattitudetowardslife,AttitudesTowardsLifePeopleholddifferentattitudestowardslife.Sometakeapositiveattitudeandtheyalwaysappreciatethebeautyoflifewithzealandgratitude.Sometakeanegativeattitudetowardslifeandanyslighttroubleinlifemayseemliketheendoftheworldtothem.Apositiveattitudeensuresahappy,successfulandhealthylife.Withapositiveattitude,peoplefinditeasytoacceptchallengesandovercome,writing,SampleWriting,writing,obstacleswhilemaintainingpeaceofmind.Besides,apositiveattitudebooststheirself-esteem,liftstheirmoraleandhelpsthemfulfilltheircommitmentsbothintheircareerandintheireverydaylife.Moreover,medicalresearchshowsthatpositivethinkingcanimprovetheimmunesystemandstrengthenthebodysresistancetodiseases.Thereareseveralwaystodevelopapositiveattitudetowardslife.Oneneedstothinkpositively,readupliftingstories,hangaroundwithoptimistic,SampleWriting,writing,people,giveupjealousy,andparticipateinmeaningfulactivities.Bybuildingapositiveattitudetowardslife,onecanenjoyahappy,successfulandhealthylife.(170words),SampleWriting,ThankYou!,Answersmayvary.Thefollowingmayserveasanexample.WhenIwasinseniorhighschool,Ifellfrommybicycleoneday.MylegwasbrokenandIstayedinhospitalforseveralweeks.Asthenationalcollegeentranceexamwasjustaroundthecorner,Iexperiencedthemostdifficulttimeinmylife.Itriedtofacethedifficultybravelyandspentdaysandnightsinthehospitalreviewingmylessons.Fortunately,IpassedtheexamandenteredtheuniversityasIhadhoped.,ReferenceKey:,KeytoDiscussion-1,2.Answersmayvary.Hereisapossibleanswer.Lifeisfullofproblems.Howweapproachthemoftendetermineswhetherwearehappyormiserable.Here,apositiveattitudeisadecisivefactor.Wemustfaceourproblemscourageously,studyandassessthemcarefullyandtrytoturnthemtoouradvantage.Asthesayinggoes,problemsareopportunitiesindisguise.Theychallengeusandgiveustheopportunitytodothingswehaveneverdonebefore.Sodontshunfromproblems.,ReferenceKey:,KeytoDiscussion-2,3.Answersmayvary.Hereisapossibleanswer.Thequalitiesoneshouldpossesstosurvivehardtimesincludeoptimism,courage,perseverance,andcommitment.Aslongasonepossessesthesequalities,heorshemaystandabetterchancetosurvivetoughtimes.Toughtimesneverlast,buttoughpeopledo.,ReferenceKey:,KeytoDiscussion-3,AboutWinstonChurchill:WinstonChurchill(1874-1965):aBritishpoliticianandoneofBritainsgreatest20th-centuryheroes.HewasPrimeMinisterduringmostofWorldWarIIandagainfrom1951to1955.HeisstillrememberedandadmiredbymostBritishpeopleasagreatleaderwhomadepossibleBritainsvictoryinthewar.Churchillwroteanumberofhistories,biographiesandmemoirs,includingthelandmarkfour-volumeAHistoryoftheEnglish-speakingPeoples(1956-58).In1953hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.,AuthorsoftheQuotes-1,AboutLouHoltz:LouHoltz(1937-):anauthor,televisioncommentator,andformerNCAA(NationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation)footballheadcoach.HeistheonlycoachinNCAAhistorytoguidefourdifferentprogramstofinaltop20rankings.HeisalsoamultiplewinnerofCoachoftheYearhonors.Overtheyears,Holtzhasbecomewell-knownforhisquickwitandabilitytoinspireplayers.,AuthorsoftheQuotes-2,AboutWilliamJames:WilliamJames(1842-1910):apioneeringAmericanphysician,psychologistandphilosopher,sonoftheAmericanphilosopherandwriterHenryJames,Sr.(1811-1882),andbrotherofthenovelistHenryJames(1843-1916).WilliamJamesisconsideredasoneofthefoundersofthephilosophyofpragmatism(实用主义)andisalsoknownas“thefatherofAmericanpsychology”.,AuthorsoftheQuotes-3,AboutHelenKeller:HelenKeller(1880-1968):USwriterknownespeciallyforthewayshelearnedtospeakandwriteafterbecomingblindanddeafasababy.Shegreatlyhelpedtheblindanddeafbycollectingmoney,makingspeeches,andtryingtochangepeoplesattitudes.,AuthorsoftheQuotes-4,Whatsthematter,Mama?Imdying,Forrest.Comeonin,sitdownoverhere.Whyareyoudying,Mama?Itsmytime.Itsjustmytime.Now,dontyoubeafraid,sweetheart.Deathisjustapartoflife.Somethingwerealldestinedtodo.Ididntknowit,butIwasdestinedtobeyourmama.IdidthebestIcould.Youdidgood,Mama.Well,Ihappentobelieveyoumakeyourowndestiny.YouhavetodothebestwithwhatGodgaveyou.,ScriptforWatchingandDiscussion,Whatsmydestiny,Mama?Youregoingtohavetofigurethatoutforyourself.Lifeisaboxofchocolates,Forrest.Youneverknowwhatyouregoingtoget.(MamaalwayshadawayofexplainingthingssoIcouldunderstandthem.)Iwillmissyou,Forrest.(ShehadgotthecanceranddiedonaTuesday.Iboughtheranewhatwithlittleflowersonit.AndthatsallIhavetosayaboutthat.),ScriptforWatchingandDiscussion,AlwaysBePositiveBeingpositiveisadiscipline.Therearesomanythingswecannotcontrol,forceswearepowerlesstochangebecausesomuchoflifeisunpredictable.Wecannotcontroldiseases.Wecannotcontrolinjuries.Wecannotcontroltheweatherandsomanyotherthingsthatareapartofourlives.Butwecancontrolourmoods.Amoodissimplyareflectionofourattitudeandwecertainlycanchangeourattitude.,ScriptforListenandRespond,Forexample,whenoneofyourco-workersasksyouhowyouredoingwithyourwork,youranswermaybe“Ifeelgreat”.Butdoyoureallyfeelgreat?Probablynot.Ifyouranswerwerenegative,youwouldmakeyourco-workersfeelbadanduncomfortable.Inthatcase,youvebegunawholecycleofnegativity.Again,itsanattitude.Agoodattitudeandabadattitudearereallyjusttwodifferentwaysoflookingatthesamesituation.Heresanotherexample.Youhaveabigworkprojectdueonthebosssdesktomorrowmorning.Youareupagainstadeadline.Andyouarehalf-done.Nowthereare,ScriptforListenandRespond,twowaystolookattheproject.Youcanworryaboutalltheworkstillleftforyoutodo.Oryoucantellyourselfthathalfofitisalreadydone,andyouarecertainlybetteroffthanwhenyoufirststartedtheproject.Thatsyourchoice:istheglasshalf-emptyorhalf-full?Thatsthechoicewehavetomakeeverymorningwhenwegetoutofbed.Lookinghonestlyattherealityofthesituationandseeingthepositivesideofitmayindeedincreasethequalityofourlife.Self-motivatedpeoplelookateachdayasanewopportunity.Theylovewhattheydo.Theycannotwaittogettoworkinthemorning.,ScriptforListenandRespond,1.Whatistheinsighttheauthorgainedfromhisexperienceinhospital?,Theinsightthattheauthorgainedfromhisexperienceinhospitalisthatlifesgiftsareprecious,butwearetooindifferenttothem.Forinstance,theauthorhadbeenunawareofthebeautyofsunshine,themostcommongiftoflife,untilhewashospitalized.,Keytodiscoveringthemainideas(Ex.1.1),2.Whatarethetwotruthstolivebyaccordingtotheauthor?,Accordingtotheauthor,thefirsttruthtolivebyisthatweshouldholdfasttolife.Thatistoappreciatethebeautyoflifeandtocherishitsgifts.Thesecondtruthtolivebyisthatwemustacceptourlosses,andlearnhowtoletgo,namely,wemustlearntogiveupwhennecessary.,Keytodiscoveringthemainideas(Ex.1.2),3.Canmostpeopleholdfasttothegiftsoflifeaccordingtotheauthor?,No.Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeopleareoftentoobusydealingwithtrivialmatterstoappreciatethegiftsoflife.Asaresult,theyalwayslivewithregretforhavingfailedtoholdfasttothegiftsoflife.,Keytodiscoveringthemainideas(Ex.1.3),4.Howshouldwelookattheparadoxoflifeaccordingtotheauthor?,Weshouldrealizethatwecannotavoiddeath,andwillloseallthatwehavehad,butwhatwehavedonewillhaveaneverlastinginfluence.,Keytodiscoveringthemainideas(Ex.1.4),5.Whatsuggestionsdoestheauthormaketoresolvetheparadox?,Tosolvetheparadox,theauthorsuggeststhatwemustregardourlivesasaprocesstowardeternity.Lifemeansmorethanmereexistence.Itwillgoonnomatterwhathappens.Ourbodiesmayperisheventuallybutthebeautyandgoodnessandtruthwehavecreatedwillliveonforever.Oncewehaveadoptedsuchanattitude,wewillbeabletopaylessattentiontopersonalgainsandmaterialaccumulationandwillfocusontheidealwepursueandliveaworthylife.,Keytodiscoveringthemainideas(Ex.1.5),livebynopass.behaveaccordingtotherulesof无被动语态按照的规律生活,Hercoachtrainedhertolivebyfirmdiscipline.,IalwaystrytolivebywhatIbelievein.,我一直想按照自己的信仰来生活。,KeyWordsforTextA-liveby,holdfasttofollowexactlyorremainloyalto坚持，信守，忠于,Heholdsfasttoasimplelifeafterretirement.,Hecanholdfasttohisownviewpointinanyargument.,他在任何争论中总能坚持自己的观点。,KeyWordsforTextA-holdfastto,alltoovery;muchmorethanisdesirable极；甚,Thesescenesofviolencearealltoofamiliar.,Theeveningpassedalltooquicklyforthereunitedpeople.,对团聚的人来说，这天晚上过得真是太快了。,KeyWordsforTextA-alltoo,intensivea.givingalotofattentionoractiontoasmallamountofsth.orinasmallamountoftime;concentrated加强的；集中的；彻底的；集中力量在短期内完成的,Intensiveeffortsarebeingmadetoresolvetheborderdisputebetweenthetwocountries.,Wallywasnowoutofdangerandremovedfromintensivecare.,沃利已经脱离危险，不再需要精心护理。,KeyWordsforTextA-intensive,additionala.beyondwhatisusual;added追加的，附加的，另外的,Anadditionalchargeismadeforheavybagsonthebus.,Weshallneedadditionalhelptocompletethisworkontime.,为按时完成这项工作，我们另外还需要帮助。,KeyWordsforTextA-additional,toandfroinonedirectionandthenbackagain,fromplacetoplace来回地，往复地,Thebosspacedt