写作教程第2版课件u课件.ppt

EnglishWritingII,Warm-upActivities,Introduceyouruniversity/dormitory/classroom.Whatsyouroverallimpressionoftheuniversity?Whichbuildingorlocationcatchesyourattentionfirst?Whichplacedoyouwanttodescribenext?Andthen?Whatdoyouwanttodescribelast?Whatorderdoesyourdescriptionfollow?Whydoyouchoosethisorder?,Reference:Inaparagraphdescribingyouruniversity,youmightdeveloptheparagraphbyspaceinseveraldifferentways:1)Youmightusesomeimportantlandmark,forexample,thelibrary,anddescribeotherlocationsinrelationtoit.Theorderinwhichyoudiscusseachlocationisnotasimportantastheirrelationshipswiththelandmark.,2)Youmightuseanimportantlandmarkasthestartingpointandmovefromittothenextlocation,ontoanother,andsoon,perhapsendingbackattheoriginallandmark.3)Anothertypeofdevelopmentbyspacemightstresstheboundariesofanarea.Theorderinwhichthesearelistedisnotnecessarilyimportantsolongasthereisalogicalprogressionfromlocationtolocation.4)Stillanotherspatialdevelopmentmightstresstheinter-relationshipsbetweenlocations.,Unit3Places,Inthisunitemphasiswillbelaidontheorganizationalfeaturesofdescriptionbyspaceorspatialorder.,PartIIDevelopmentbySpace,Developmentbyspaceorder:lefttoright,righttoleft,neartofar,fartonear,lowtohigh,hightolow,etc.,Pages26-27Readsample2andsample3andfinishthefollowingtasks.1.Analyzetheirparagraphstructures.2.Underlinethetransitionalsignals.3.Summarizetheorderofthedetailsineachsample.4.Whataredifferentwritingtechniques/featuresinsupportingdescriptivewriting?Andtheirdifferenteffects?,Sample2Questions:1.Whichisthetopicsentence?Thefirstsentenceisthetopicsentence.2.Whatsthemethodusedtodeveloptheparagraph?Theparagraphisdevelopedinspaceorder.,3.Pleasefinishthefollowingpartialoutlineaccordingtohowthedetailsarearranged.Thecentralfocusisadeplorablebarn.Thegeneralarrangementofdetailsisfromtheoutsideofthebarntotheinside.Therearetwootherpatterns:detailsconcerningtheoutsidearearrangedfromtoptobottom;thoseconcerningtheinsidearearrangedfromlefttoright,totherear,andfinallytotheoverhead,Summarizethepatternoftheparagraph:Thisparagraphisadescriptionof“mygrandfathersbarn.”Inordertocreatea“deplorable”impression,thewriterselectsveryspecificwordsandarrangesthesedescriptivedetailsinanaturalorderoftheirphysicallayout:fromtheexteriortotheinteriorofthebarn.Thedetailsconcerningtheoutsideofthebarnarearrangedfromthetopofthebarntothebottom;thoseabouttheinsidearearrangedfromlefttoright,totherear,andfinallytotheoverhead.Throughthisorderlysequence,thereadercanvisualizethesceneveryvividlyandgrasptherelationshipsoftheobjects.,Sample3Questions:1.Whatisdescribedintheparagraph?Anathletesroomisdescribedintheparagraph.,3.Firstmatchtheobjectsdescribedwiththecorrespondingphrasesoflocation.Thenputthemintherightorderaccordingtothesequenceinwhichtheyappearinthedescription.1)closettomyright2)capontheshelf3)bedthefarwall4)lamponthetopofthenightstandtotheleftofthebed,5)scheduleonthewallabovethenightstand6)desktheleftwall7)medalsontheshelves8)windownexttothedesk9)dresserbetweenthewindowandtheleftcorner,2.Whatdoesthewriterdescribefirst?Andlast?Whatorderdoeshe/shefollow?Whatdoyouthinkhe/shehasfollowedthatparticularorder?Thefirstthingthewriterdescribesisthecloset,andthelastisadresser.Thedescriptionisorganizedaccordingtothespatialorder.Thewriterpresentsanorderlydescriptionjustashiseyesmightmovefromrighttoleftaroundtheroom.,SummarizethepatternofthesampleparagraphThissampleparagraphdisplaysanartisticgroupingofdetailsinspace.Thingsarerelatedtoeachotherbytheorderinwhichtheyareplacedinspace.Withtheuseofspecificspacesignals,weareledbythewritertoexperiencetheroomvividlyfromrighttoleft,fromlargeritemstosmalleronesasifwewereactually“seeing”it.,OrganizationalStructure,Sample1(Page25)Readthesetwoparagraphs,identifythedifferentwritingtechniques,andsummarizethedifferenteffectofthem.,ParagraphAisdevelopedaccordingtotimesequence,whichshowsthechronologicalorderthroughtheuseofsuchtimesignalsas30,000,000yearsago,2400BC,600BC,AD200,AD100.ParagraphBisarrangedaccordingtospace,whichdescribesthecultivationofthegrapefromitsoriginalplace.,HerearetheplacesmentionedinParagraphB.GrapeCultivationStartingfromtheCaspianSeaToAsiaMinorGreeceSicilyFranceGermanyEnglandIndiaAmerica,Canyouidentifytheorderinwhichtheplacesareintroduced?(para.B)Theplacesareintroducedinanorderof“westtoeast,neartofar”,Thedifferenteffectofthesetwoparagraphs:A:thehistoryofthegrapeB:thegrapecultivationindifferentareas,LinkingDevices,Page28,sampleThisisarathercomplexparagraphofdescriptionintroducingaplace.Whatfeaturesandtechniquescouldyousummarizeandlearnfromit?,LinkingDevices,Questions1.Thissampleparagraphisdevelopedaccordingtospatialorder.Canyouidentifythosewordsorphrasesthatshowspatialorder?Whatistheireffect?Wordsandphrasesthatindicatelocation:inside,intheright-handside,intheoppositeend,downthecenter,attheendof,theleft-hand.,Thesespatialconnectorssuggestthatthewriterorganizestheparagraphinaparticularorder,i.e.fromonesideofthepetshoptothecenter,andthentotheotherside,thusmakingthedescriptionclearandorderly.Asaresult,readerswillnotgetlostwhilethedescriptionproceeds.,2.Whatisthegeneralimpressioncreatedintheparagraph?Makealistofallthedetailsyoucanfindthatsupportthegeneralimpression.Thegeneralimpressionoftheplacedescribedis“depressing.”Thespecificdetails:puppiesbehindglass;unpleasantsmell;chainedbirds;rowsofcages;dirtytubofturtles;stuffyatmosphere;kittensinthewindow;soundsofcagedanimals;droppingandurineonnewspapers.,4.Hasthewriterfocusedononeormoreofthesensesofsight,sound,taste,smell,etc.?Isiteffective?Inadditiontosight,thewriterhasalsoappealedtotheothersensessuchastouch,hearing,andsmell.Throughtherichperceptionsthereaderwillgainafullerandmorevividpictureofthescene.,5.Completethefollowingblanks:Examplesofdescriptionconcerningsight:black-and-whitekittenspiledtogether;alineoflargewoodenperches;parrotsfluttertheirclippedwings;stagnant-lookingwater;motionlessturtles;Examplesofdescriptionconcerningsound:clawing,shufflingsound;,Examplesofdescriptionconcerningsmell:unpleasantmixtureofstrongchemicaldeodorizers;ur