格列佛游记英文详介.ppt

,王夏夏徐晓雅姚永云张敏赵培培,Born30November1667Dublin,IrelandDied19October1745(aged77)IrelandPennameM.B.Drapier,LemuelGulliver,IsaacBickerstaffOccupationSatirist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer,poet,priestLanguageEnglishAlmamaterTrinityCollege,DublinNotableworkGulliversTravelsAModestProposalATaleofaTubDrapiersLetters,JonathanSwift乔纳森斯威夫特,Biography,JonathanSwift,sonoftheEnglishlawyerJonathanSwifttheelder,wasborninDublin,Ireland,onNovember30,1667.HegrewupthereinthecareofhisunclebeforeattendingTrinityCollegeattheageoffourteen,wherehestayedforsevenyears,graduatingin1688.Inthatyear,hebecamethesecretaryofSirWilliamTemple,anEnglishpoliticianandmemberoftheWhigparty.In1694,hetookreligiousordersintheChurchofIrelandandthenspentayearasacountryparson.HethenspentfurthertimeintheserviceofTemplebeforereturningtoIrelandtobecomethechaplainoftheearl伯爵爵位ofBerkeley伯克利(美国加利福尼亚州西部城市).,Meanwhile,hehadbeguntowritesatires.onthepoliticalandreligiouscorruptionsurroundinghim,workingonATaleofaTubandTheBattleoftheBooks.HealsowroteanumberofpoliticalpamphletsinfavorofWhigparty.,In1709hewenttoLondontocampaignfortheIrishchurchbutwasunsuccessful.AftersomeconflictswiththeWhigparty,mostlybecauseofSwiftsstrongallegiancetothechurch,hebecameamemberofthemoreconservativeTorypartyin1710.UnfortunatelyforSwift,theTorygovernmentfelloutofpowerin1714andSwift,despitehisfameforhiswritings,felloutoffavor.Swift,whohadbeenhopingtobeassignedapositionintheChurchofEngland,insteadreturnedtoDublin,wherehebecamethedeanofSt.Patricks,DuringhisbrieftimeinEngland,SwifthadbecomefriendswithwriterssuchasAlexanderPope.Lateinlife,Swiftseemedtomanyobserverstobecomeevenmorecausticandbitterthanhehadbeen.Threeyearsbeforehisdeath,hewasdeclaredunabletocareforhimself,andguardianswereappointed.OnOctober19,1745,Swiftdied,1.GulliversTravels格列佛游记（1726）(Hisgreatestsatiricwork)2.TheBattleoftheBooks书籍之战（1697）3.TaleofaTub一只桶的故事（1697）4.AModestProposal一个温和的建议（1729）5.JournaltoStella斯特拉日记（1710-1713）6.TheDrapiersLetter布商的信（1724）,Mainworks,Swiftsstyle,SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Swifthimselfdefinesagoodstyleas“Properwordsinproperplaces”,Language,Hislanguageisalwayssimple,clear,vigorousandconcise.Therearenoornamentsinhiswriting,butitcomeshometothereader.1.Clear,simpleandconcretediction2.Uncomplicatedsentencestructure3.Economyandconcisenessoflanguage,Satire,Swiftisamastersatirist,andhisironyisdeadly.Buthissatireismaskedbyanoutwardgravity,andanapparentcalmnessconcealshisbitterirony.Inhiswriting,heusesallkindsoftechniquesofsatire,suchasdirectattack,indirectattack,ironyandsoon.Thismakeshissatireallthemorepowerul,asshowninhis“Modestproposal”(ThebestmodelofsatireinEnglishhistory).,GulliversTravels,ByJonathanSwift(乔纳森.斯威夫特),Backgroundinformation,InBritainofthe18thcentury,farmerslivingstandardgotworseandworse,sotheyresistedthenobleenclosuremovement.Theinternalcontradictionoftherulingclasswasfierce.ThecontradictionbetweenthemothercountryandcolonybecameIncreasinglycontentious.,1.Inshort,factionalismwasserious;politicalcorruptionwascommon.2.Meanwhile,thebusinesswasprosperous;itsoverseatradedevelopedwell.3.Britainenlargeditsforeigncolonialexpansion.4.Thematerialdesireofthebritishpeopleinflated.,Title,Gullivermakesourdeep-seavoyages,whicharedescribedinthefourpartsofthebook.,小人国,大人国,飞岛国,慧马国,Firstvoyage-Lilliput,Ontheveryfirstvoyage,Gulliverisshipwrecked.Ofalltheshipscrew，hesurvives.Heswimstotheshoreofastrangeland,inhabitedbyLilliputians,thetallestofwhomisjustsixincheshigh.,WhenbendingmyeyesdownwardasmuchasIcould,Iperceivedahumannotsixincheshigh!,Thekingoflilliput,LittlebylittlehegetsusedtotheirlifeandeventakespartinthewarwiththeneighbouringstateofBlefuseu.,Secondvoyage-Brobdingnag,GulliverfinallyescapesLilliputandreturnsbrieflytoEnglandbeforeasecondvoyagetakeshimtoBrobdingnag.Whileonshore,Gulliveriscapturedbygiants,eachofwhomisthesizeofawater-tower.,Onthewhole,theBrobdingnagiansaregood-naturedcreatures,andtheytreatGulliverkindly,thoughtheyareamusedbyhistinysizeandlookeduponhimasaplaything.,ComparewithLilliput,theBrobdingnagianshaveanenlightenedmonarch（开明的君主）.Sheofteninterrogates（询问）GulliveronEuropeanaffairs.,GulliverabruptlydepartsBrobdingnagwhenagianteaglefliesoffwithhimanddropshimintheocean.,Thirdvoyage-Laputa,HesoonembarksonhisthirdvoyagetotheflyingislandofLaputa.,Laputaisamysteriouslandinhabitedbyscientists,magicians,andsorcerers（男巫）whoengageinridiculousexperiment.,Finalvoyage-Houyhnhnm,OnceagainGulliverreturnstoEnglandbeforeafinaljourney,tothelandoftheHouyhnhnm,Houyhnhnmsareasuperiorraceofintelligenthorses.Inthecountry,theyarerulingclass.yahoo(野胡),avile(极坏的)anddepraved（堕落的）raceofape-likecreatures,istheruledclass.,GulliveriseventuallyexiledfromHouyhnhnmsocietywhenthehorsesgentlyinsistthatGullivermustreturntoliveamonghisownkind.Afterthisfourthandfinalvoyage,hereturnstoEngland,wherehehasgreatdifficultyadjustingtoeverydaylife.AllpeopleeverywhereremindhimoftheYahoos.,Majorthemes,Thefirstandsecondvoyagehasbeeninterpretedasanallegoricalsatireofthepoliticaleventsoftheearlyeighteenthcentury,acommentaryonthemoralstateofEngland.touchinguponthepolitical,religious,legal,military,scientific,philosophicalaswellasliteraryinstitutions,aboutalmosteveryaspectofthesocietyThewarwiththetinyneighboringislandrepresentsEnglandsrivalrybetweenWhigs（辉格党）andTories（托利派）.,ThevoyagetoLaputaisascathing（尖刻的）attackuponscienceinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturiesandrevealsSwiftscontemptanddisdainforabstracttheoryandideology（思想）thatisnotofpracticalservicetohuman.,ThefinalvoyagerevealsSwiftsultimatesatiricobjectmansinabilitytocometotermswithhistruenature.TheYahoosasasatiricrepresentationofdebased(品质恶劣的)humanity,whiletakingtheHouyhnhnmsasrepresentativesofSwiftsidealsofrationalityandorder.,Swiftisoneofthegreatestwritersofsatiricprose.Noreaderofhiscanescapebeingimpressedbythegreatsimplicity,directnessandvigorofhisstyle.Seldomisthereornamentorsingularityofanykind.Hissimplicities,moreoftenthannot,asacamouflageforinsidiousin