全新版大学英语第三册第二课.ppt

Unit2Civil-RightsHeroes,TextATheFreedomGiversTextBTheDream,theStarsandDr.King外研03M0352010孙丹丹,PartIPre-readingTask:Abraham,MartinandJohnEnjoyapieceofmusic(originallysungbyDion,thechiefsingeroftheBelmonts),TextA:TheFreedomGivers,Abraham,MartinandJohn,HasanybodyhereseenmyoldfriendAbraham?Canyoutellmewherehesgone?Hefreedalotofpeople,Butitseemsthegooddieyoung,ButIjustlookedaroundandhesgone.HasanybodyhereseenmyoldfriendJohn?Canyoutellmewherehesgone?Hefreedalotofpeople,Butitseemsthegooddieyoung,ButIjustlookedaroundandhesgone.,HasanybodyhereseenmyoldfriendMartin?Canyoutellmewherehesgone?Hefreedalotofpeople,Butitseemsthegooddieyoung,ButIjustlookedaroundandhesgone.Didntyoulovethethingstheystoodfor?Didnttheytrytofindsomegoodforyouandme?Andwellbefree.Somedaysoon,itsgonnabeOneday.HasanybodyhereseenmyoldfriendBobby?Canyoutellmewherehesgone?IthoughtIsawhimwalkinUpoverthehill,WithAbraham,MartinandJohn.,Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:,1.CanyouguesswhoAbraham,Martin,JohnandBobbyare?2.Whatdidthesepeoplestandforandtheirspecialcontributions?3.Doyouknowwhytheyalldiedyoungandwhokilledthem?4.Canyouguesswhatthetextsinthisunitaregoingtobeabout?,1.TheyareAbrahamLincoln,MartinLutherKing,PresidentJohnF.KennedyandBobbyKennedy,JohnKennedysbrother.2.Theystoodforthecivil-rightsleaders,whoadvocatedblackcivil-rights.3.Theywereassassinatedyoungbecausetheyfoughtforthecivil-rights,whichresultedinmakingmanyenemies.4.Thetextsinthisunitaregoingtotalkaboutthecivil-rightsanditsgivers.,PartIIBackgroundInformation1.KnowledgeofAmericangeography,TheSouthernStates(markedwithblueandgreen):Al:Alabama,Ar:Arkansas;F:Florida;G:Georgia;L:Louisiana;M:Mississippi;N:NorthCarolina;S:SouthCarolina;Ten:Tennessee;Tex:TexasandV:VirginiaTheDeepSouthstatesaremarkedwithgreen.,2.Freedomandrights:,Freedomoftheindividualisconsideredoneoftheessentialfeaturesofwesterncivilization,whichisitselfsometimescalledtheFreeWorld.Thisfreedomisoftenexpressedintermsofrightstodocertainthingsortobetreatedinaparticularway.Whenapersondoessomethingthatothersthinkstrange,BritishandAmericanpeoplewilloftensay,“Itsafreecountry,”meaningthatalthoughthydisagreewiththechoicetheyrecognizetheotherpersonsrighttomakeit.,3.Thecivilrightsmovement,(intheUS)thenationalcampaignbyAfrican-Americansforequalrights,especiallyinthe1950sand1960s.Thecampaignincludedboycotts(=refusalstobuyparticularproducts),theactionsoffreedomriders,andin1963amarchtoWashingtonledbyMartinLutherKing.Itsucceededincausingtheintroductionofbussingandaffirmativeaction.TheCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965werealsointroducedasaresultofthecivilrightsmovement,whichhashelpedtochangetheattitudesofmanywhiteAmericans.,4.TheUndergroundRailroad,AsecretsystemusedintheUSbeforetheCivilWarforhelpingthousandsofslavestoescapetothefreenorthernstatesorCanada.Theslaveswerecalled“passengers”,thepeoplewhohelpedthemwere“conductors”,andtheslaveshidin“stations”(safehouses)alongtheway.,.,5.JosiahHenson,Hewasbornaslaveon15thJune,1789inCharlesCounty,Maryland.Hewassoldthreetimesbeforehereachedtheageofeighteen.By1830,Hensonhadsavedup$350topurchasehisfreedom.Aftergivinghismasterthemoneyhewastoldthatthepricehadincreasedto$1,000.Cheatedofhismoney,Hensondecidedtoescapewithhiswifeandfourchildren.AfterreachingCanada,Hensonformedacommunitywherehetaughtotherex-slaveshowtobesuccessfulfarmers.Hisautobiography,TheLifeofJosiahHenson(1849)wasreadbyHarrietBeecherStoweandinspiredherbest-sellingnovel,UncleTomsCabin.,6.LeviCoffin,HewasborninGreensboro,on28thOctober,1798.LaterhebecameasamemberoftheSocietyofFriends,Coffinattemptedin1821tostartaschoolforslavesbuttheirownersrefusedtoallowthemtoattend.In1826CoffinmovedtoNewport,Indiana.ThiswasontheroutewherefugitiveslavesmadetheirwayfromtheSouthtoCanada.Coffinsoonbecameinvolvedinhelpingtherunawaysandithasbeenestimatedthatover3,000slavesstayedathishomeduringtheirjourney.,Builtin1827andnowaNationalHistoricLandmark,thishousewasownedbyLeviCoffin(1789-1877),aQuakerabolitionist.BecauseofhisoutstandingroleintheoperationoftheUndergroundRailroad,Coffinhasbeentermeditspresident.ItisbelievedthatCoffinandhiswifeCatherinehelpedmorethan2,000fugitiveslavesescapetofreedom,usingthishouseasaprincipaldepot./nr/travel/underground/in2.htm,7.JohnParker,JohnParkerwasbornintoslaveryinNorfolk,Virginiain1827.Heboughthisfreedomfor$1,800andin1849heandhiswifemovedtoRipleywhereheworkedintheironworks.ParkerwasanintegralpartoftheUndergroundRailroad;hehelpedfugitiveslavescrosstheOhioRiverfromKentuckyastheywentnorthtofreedom.FornearlyfifteenyearsParkerriskedhislifeandhisownfreedombyhidingincoffins,divingoffasteamboatintotheriverwithbountyhuntersonhistrailashefoughtforthefreedomoftheenslaved.,TheJohnParkerHouseinRipley,Ohio,PartIIIComprehensionQuestions:,1.WhydidBarbaraCarterspeakproudlyofhergreat-great-grandfather?2.WhydidtheauthortraveltoHensonslasthome?3.WhatwastheUndergroundRailroad?Whoforgedit?4.WhydidtheauthorwanttotellthereadersthestoriesoftheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroad?5.HowdidJohnParkerwinhisfreedom?6.WhydidsomepeopletrytocaptureJohnParker?7.WhydidLeviCoffin,awhiteman,helpblackslavestofreedom?8.WhatrisksdidCoffinrunwhilehelpingslaves?9.WhatdifficultiesdidtheslaveshaveintravelingtheUndergroundRailroadtofreedom?10.WhydidmanyslavesgotoCanada?11.WhydidHensondecidetoescape?,Keys1.Forhergreat-great-grandfather,JosiahHensonhaslivedonthroughthecharacterinAmericanfictionthathehelpedinspire:UncleTomsCabin.(L9-10)2.Toknowmoreabouttheman.(L15-17)3.(SeetotheculturenoteJosiahHensonandothercourageousmenandwomentogetherforgedtheUndergroundRailroad.(L20-21)4.BecausetheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroadremaintoolittlerememberedandtheirexploitsarestillkeptunknown.(L29-31)5.Hesavedenoughmoneytobuyhisfreedom.(L40-41)6.Becausehewasaguidewhohelpedpeoplenottobecapturedbyslavehunters.(L42-44),7.BecausehebelievedinChristianitythattheyshouldhelpthosewhowerehungryandhadnoclothestowear,nomatterwhatcolortheywere.(L59-61)8.Hewastheriskofgettinghisstoreandhomeburnedandeventhrowntoprison.9.Theyhadtomarchajourneyofhundredsofmiles,duringwhichtherewerenosignsandfewmaps.(L77-79)10.Becauseslaveryhadbeenabolishedthereearlyin1833.(L87-88)11.Becausehefacedthesituationofbeingseparatedfromhisfamily.,PartIVLanguagePoints:,1.Slender:(ofpeople)slim;notverywidebutcomparativelylongorhighExamples:Althoughherfacewasquiteplain,shehadlong,slenderexpressivehands,likeaconcertpianist.Kingcrabshavelong,slenderlegs,withaspanover1meter(3feet).Synonym:lean,narrow,slight,thin;fragile,spindly,skinnyAnonym:fat,obese,plump,paunchy,chubby,stout2.Settlement:aplacewherepeoplehavecometosettleExamples:ManhattanwasthesiteoftheoriginalDutchsettlementofNewAmsterdam.Thevillageisasettlementoffiftyhouses.Syn:Community,colony,camp,outpost,3.Confident:feelingorshowingthrustinoneselforonesability(usu.Followedbyabout/of/thatclause)Examples:MichaelwasconfidentthathewouldbeenrolledbyHarvardUniversity.Themorefamiliaryouarewiththismachine,themoreconfidentyouwillbeaboutusingit.Thesoccerteamisquiteconfidentofbeingabletowinthisimportantgame.4.Giveup:abandonanattempttodosth.Examples:Hesgivenupsmokingsincehisillness.Therescueteamhadgivenupallhopeoffindingthetwodiversalive.Shewasworkingpart-timebutshesuddenlygaveup.Syn:abandon,giveup,quit,desert,discard,5.Ironically:itseemsironic(that)Examples:Ironicallythewidespreaduseofantibioticsseemstobecausingalotofunexpectedhealthproblems.Ironicallyitisoftenthepoorerpeoplewhogivethemost.Ironically,mostpeoplecametowatchthematchonthedayitpouredwithrain.6.Racial:relatingtoapersonsrace,ortodifferentracesofpeopleExamples:Slaveryiscloselyassociatedwithracialprejudice,thebeliefthatoneraceissuperiortoanother.MandelawaselectedPresidentinSouthAfricasfirstmulti-racialelections,heldin1994.c.f.:ethnic:ofanation,ortribalgroupthathasacommonculturalgroup.ethnicminorities/groups/communitiesExample:InChina,thereexistsethnicproblemsratherthanracialproblems.,7.Standup(forsb./sth.):speak,work,etc.infavourofsb./sth.;supportsb./sth.Examples:Youhavetobepreparedtostandupforthethingsyoubelievein.Dontbeafraidtostandupforyourself.Alwaysstandforyourfriends.8.Historic:famousorimportanthistoryExamples:Inhisbook,ChurchillrecallsthathistoricfirstmeetingwithRoosevelt.Moremoneyisneededforthepreservationofhistoricbuildingsandmonuments.C.f.:historical,9.Site:placewhereabuilding,town,etc.was,isorwillbesituatedExamples:Thelocalgovernmenthasntyetchosenthesiteforthenewskyscraper.TherearemanyarchaeologicalsitesinsouthernEngland.Thismonumentmarksthesiteofthebattle.Rescueworkersrushedtothesiteoftheplanecrash.10.Mission:particulartaskordutyundertakenbyanindividualoragroupExamples:SomedelegateswereimmediatelysenttoIsrael.Theirmissionwastonegotiateaceasefire.ThefiveyoungpeoplehavebeenonamissiontohelptheCambodians.Mymissioninlifeistohelppoorpeople.,11.Forge:(fig):createbymeansofmuchhardworkExamples:Thetwocountriesagreedtoforgeclosereconomicties.Sheforgedanewcareerforherselfasasinger.Syn:mould,cast,shape12.Underground:inorintosecrecyorhidingExamples:HismothertookhimtoHongKongwheresheworkedintheundergroundcommunistmovement.ForaboutthirtyyearstheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)operatedasanundergroundorganization.13.Web:networkoffinethreadsspunbyaspiderorsomeotherspinningcreature;complexseriesornetworkExamples:Thelittleboywasfrightenedbythespiderswebinthewindow.,Everydaythousandsofwesurfersflocktothispopularsite,postingmessages.Otherusage:WWW:WorldWideWeb14.Liberate:setfreeExamples:ThenewAfghangovernmentistryingtoliberateitspeoplefrompovertywithinternationalhelp.ManycommercialandpublicorganizationsnowhavetheirownWebsiteandpublisha“homepage”,givinginformationabouttheorganization.Thetroopsaimistoliberatethecountrybytheendoftheyear.Otherusage:Liberty,Equality,andFraternity15.Authorize:giveapprovalorpermissionfor(sth.);giveauthorityto,Examples:Thecentralgovernmentauthorized$200billiontoconstructnewdamstogeneratecheaphydroelectricpower.ThePresidentrequestedthatCongressauthorizethepresenceofUStroopsintheeasternregion.HewasobligedbytheargumentsoftheMinisterofLabortoauthorizea23percentgeneralwageincrease.Syn:legalize,allow,approve,entitle16.Exploit:braveoradventurousdeedoractionExamples:Thegeneralswartimeexploitswerelatermadeintoafilmandatelevisionseries.Mygrandfatherentertaineduswithstoriesofwartimeexploits.17.Beintentondoingsth.:beeageranddeterminedtodosth.Examples:Workingdayandnight,JanetseemsintentonbreakingtherecordintheGuinnessBookofRecords.,18.Peer:lookcloselyorcarefully,esp.asifunabletoseewell(followedbyat/through/into,etc.)Examples:Stephenhadbeenpeeringatacomputerprintoutthatmadenosenseatall.Hawkingwasatypicalgrind,underweightandawkwardandpeeringthrougheyeglasses.Syn:stare,gaze,glance,gawp,gape19.Decade:periodoftenyearExamples:ManycountrieswereinvolvedinAntarcticexplorationduringthefirstdecadesofthe20thcentury.EducationbudgetshavebeenincreasedoverthelastdecadeinChina.Otherusage:deca-十；mono-一;dual-二;tri-三;quad-四;penta-五;hexa-六;hept-七;oct-八;,20.Ontheside:asanadditionaljoborsourceofincome;secretlyExamples:Someteachershavetofindwaysofmakingsomemoneyontheside.Inordertoearnmoneytosendhischildrentoschool,hemakesalittlemoneyonthesidebycleaningwindowsinhissparetime.21.Capture:capturingorbeingcapturedExamples:Rebelforcescapturedthecityafteraweek-longbattle.Someoftheterroristswhowereinvolvedinthe9.11eventcapturedbytheFBI.Thewholetowncelebratedwhentwotankswerecaptured.,22.Closein(on/around):comenearto,esp.inordertoattackfromseveraldirections;surroundExamples:AtonetimePetertookpartinthecaptureofthreethieves.TheInternationalWhalingCommissionpermitsthecaptureofonly400whalesannuallyforscientificpurposes.Vt.Examples:HitlercommittedsuicideasSovietforceswereclosinginonBerlin.Rightafterthesuicideexploration,IsraeltroopsbegantocloseinonthePalestiniancity.23.Painful:causingpain,hurtingExamples:Symptomsofpneumoniaincludepainfulcough,fever,difficultyinbreathing,rapidbreathingandchestpain.Theoldphotographbroughtbackpainfulmemoriesofhischildhood.,24.Religious:ofreligionExamples:Daoism(Taoism)isoneofthethreemainChinesereligiousandphilosophicaltraditions,theothersbeingConfucianismandBuddhism.Thelocalgovernmentwantstoincreasetheamountofreligiouseducationinschools.25.Conviction:firmopinionorbeliefExamples:Theoldwomanhadafirmconvictionthattherewouldbeabetterlifeafterdeath.Anon-believer,Tomdoesnthaveanyreligiousconvictions.Itisherpersonalconvictionthatallcorruptionshouldbeexposedanddealtwithaccordingtorelevantlaws.,26.Terminal:(buildingatthe)endofarailwayline,busroute,etc.;apieceofequipment,usu.Consistingofakeyboardandascreen,whichconnectstheuserwithacomputersystem.Examples:Mostlargeairportshaveshops,restaurants,andbanksintheterminalbuilding,plusspecialloungesfordepartingpassengers.Allstaffhaveterminalsattachedtothecompanysmaincomputer.27.Impose:1)placea(penalty,tax,etc.)officiallyonsb./sth.Examples:Thegovernmenthasmadeadecisiontoimposeafurthertaxonwinesandspirits.Thelocalgovernmenttriedtoimposefinesonthefactories,whichpoureduntreatedwasteintotheriver.,2)trytomakesb.Accept(anopinionorabelief)Examples:Iwouldntwanttoimposemyreligiousconvictiononanyone.Itmaynotbewiseforparentstoimposetheirowntastesontheirchildren.28.Asfor:withregardtoExamples:Asforyourrequestforafreesample,wewillsendittoyouinanouttendays.Somepeoplehavecomplained,butasformeImperfectlysatisfiedwiththeworkingconditionshere.29.Transport:takesth./sb.fromoneplacetoanotherinavehicle.Examples:Reducingthecostsoftransportingnaturalresourcestoproductionsitesisoneoftheskyfactorsineconomiccompetition.,Pipelinesareusedmainlytotransportliquidsorgasesoverlongdistances.30.Disguise:Givesb./sth.afalseappearance(usedinthepatterndisguisesb./sth.as)Examples:Shedisguisedherselfasamansoshecouldfightonthebattlefield.JackescapedacrosstheborderdisguisedasaCatholicpriest.31.abolish:endtheexistenceof(alaw,custom,system,etc.)Examples:SlaverywasnotfinallyabolishedintheBritishEmpireuntil1833.Theirmissionistoabolishtheglobalfurindustrypermanentlybyutilizingappropriatelegalandnon-violentmethods.,32.Makethebestof:acceptanunsatisfactorysituationcheerfullyandtrytomanageaswellasyoucanExamples:Iknowitscoldandrainingbutwereherenow,soletsjustmakethebestofit.Thelivingconditionsinthevillagewereverypoor,butwehadtomakethebestofit.33.Compel:make(sb.)dosth.;forceExamples:Inthepastchildrenwerefrequentlycompelledtoworkfromanearlyage.Alargedebtburdencompelledmanydevelopingcountriestoundertakestabilizationandadjustmentpolicies.Dutycompelledthesoldierstovolunteerforthemission.Anenergycrisiscompelsfuelconservation,34.Atrisk:threatenedbythepossibilityofloss,failure,etc.;indangerExamples:Itisreportedthatsomeareasinthewestareathighriskofdesertification.Thebuildingsintheslumtendtobeovercrowded,inadequatelyservedbywaterandatriskfromfire.Attheriskofsoundingungrateful,Imustrefuseyouroffer.35.Starve:(causeapersonorananimalto)sufferseverelyordiefromhungerExample:Somepeoplestarvedtodeathduringthelongdrought.Childreninthedevelopedcountiesarelivingahappylife,whilemanyAfricanchildrenarestarving.(figu.)Sheslonely,andstarvingforcompanionship.,36.Intheeyesof:intheopinionofExamples:Intheeyesofhisstudents,Richardisasensibleandreliableteacher.Intheeyesofmyparent,IamstillayoungpersonalthoughIamalreadyinmythirties.ThepracticeofreligioninAmericasometimesseemsstrangeintheeyesoftheEuropean.Intheeyesoflaw,hewasinnocent,thoughsomepeoplewouldnttthinkso.37.Passfor:appearlike;beacceptedorlookeduponas(sameaspassas)Examples:HespeaksAmericanEnglishwellenoughtopassforanAmerican.Myyoungersisterreallywantstogoandseethefilm,butIdontthinkshedpassfor18.,PartVTextStructure:,Afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,JohnParkerhelpedotherslavestoescapenorthtoCanadatogetfreedom.(Para6-10),Storyone,Supportedbyastrongreligiousconviction,thewhitemanLeviCoffinhelpedblackslavestoescapeathugerisk.(Para11-15),StoryTwo,BytravelingtheUndergroundRailroad,JosiahHensonreachedhisdestinationandbecomefreeatlast.Para16-23),StoryThree,Civil-RightsGivers,PartVITranslation:,TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesgivenbelow.Settlementpainfulcaptureundergroundracialconvictiondisguiseabolishliberatecloseinon痛苦的奴隶生活坚定了亨森为自由而战的决心。他获得自由后不久就成了一个帮助逃跑奴隶的组织中的一员。他几次偷偷地回到美国帮助其他奴隶通过地下铁路获得自由。有一次在逃跑时，亨森和几个逃跑的奴隶被捕捉奴隶的人包围。他将逃跑的奴隶乔装打扮一番，成功的躲过了追捕。另外，他在得累斯顿为逃跑的奴隶建造了一个居住小区，并建了教堂和学校，逃跑的奴隶们在这里能够学到有用的谋生之道。他坚信奴隶制将被废除，所有奴隶终将获得解放，种族歧视消失的那天一定会到来。,Key:Hensonspainfullifeasaslavestrengthenedhisdeterminationtostruggleforfreedom