四六级写作推荐关键词汇及短语.doc

四六级写作推荐关键词汇及短语真题网提供寡人平时仍然坚持读报纸或者书籍时刻积累我将来自己写作时可以用到的词汇，这个建议希望大家不光是在应试英语的时候很应试的去这样做，应当养成一种习惯，你会发现，几乎所有同学的写作或者口语问题，都是不知道用哪个词，不知道用什么词，并不是语法问题，逻辑问题，那么把那些浩瀚的词库(例如四级要求4500，考研要求6500，托福要求8000，GRE要求12000)加以应用化，精简化，因为很多同学即便单词都会记住了，依然不知道用什么词，至少不能短期反应过来，因为你脑中有太浩瀚的非应用性词汇，一定要在脑子里还要有一个写作词库。下面列举一部分，很适合各个梯度的考试的写作用词，第一，直接面向常用的高频意思表达，第二，更加地道。一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of无数innumerable ; countless许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample非常多(大)的tremendous依序列举list in sequence时间词过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived不合时宜的anachronism可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time一再time after time ; again and again初始的preliminary前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities目前so far ; by far一次就可完成的事one-time event正/反意见(opinion)骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite归咎blameon ; put the blame on ; is to blame瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of不会犯错的infallible意见不和clashes of opinion一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of我们想念we are convinced that; we are certain that.我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive有意义的meaningful; fulfilling他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this在大家同意下by common consent of否定deny; withhold; negate承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use使受益benefit; do good to; is good for; is of great benefit to想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking想出come up with找出come up with; find out利用use; take advantage of夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over对很了解have a deep knowledge of对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority对有信心have confidence in说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter接受之美意embrace the offer of累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble连系tact; get in touch with; contact with排除这可能性rule out the possibility等于is equivalent to; equal选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out发出deliver; give out; hand over绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way禁止进入is kept out; is barred from小看make little of坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tellfrom依靠count on; depend on忽视neglect; give too little care to存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account考虑到in consideration of用尽力气exhaust ones strength; use up ones strength开动initiate; set going准备brace for; prepare for在于lie in; rest on; rest with主动take the initiative不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent幻想fantasy; play of the mind以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard乍看之下at first glance面对in the face of; in the presence of以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of不惜代价at all costs每况愈下from bad to worse承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes取得同意get the go-ahead to不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook想法与作法beliefs and practices内情ins and outs; turns and twists关键时刻the critical moment虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with逃避问题evade the question增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize澄清clarify; make clear赔偿compensate for; giveas compensation for实现carry out; implement; realize; makecome true假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize极端的radical; extreme极端的措施drastic measures剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left换言之in other words; put another way结果result; aftermath; consequence优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular既然now that; seeing that迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of毕竟after all; all in all范围scope; field; realm潜力potential;行为conduct; behavior; doings隔绝isolate; insulate分辨出identify; recognize不易懂的elusive; hard to understand展开unfold回馈feedback主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint正在进行中is underway只是一种姿态is merely a gesture立场position; stand; stance意向inclination; leaning; intention特权privilege; a special right来自stem from; come from一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact交织intertwine; interweave好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous探索explore; fathom执行carry out; execute; do现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult无弹性(僵硬)rigid无缺点的flawless; airtight无药可救incurable无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable细密的计划elaborate plan取消cancel; annul; abolish解药a cure for; a remedy for;谜puzzle; riddle; enigma机会平等equality of opportunity较有影响力的国家a predominant country遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with热情的passionate; ardent; zealous模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure影响长远的far-reaching失望despair; loss of hope; without hope幼稚childish; childlike; na飗e挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding生动的报导vivid description争取compete for; try hard to win遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on汇露reveal; make known; disclose放大amplify; magnify; enlarge动力impetus; driving force; momentum自满的complacent第一流的first-rate; excellent安全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary强调emphasize; stress; highlight短视的决定short-sighted decision真正的genuine; authentic; real怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious得到的注意capture ones attention事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering背景setting; background假的fake; false; counterfeit夸大报导dramatize退步setback古人the ancients古老的old; ancient; archaeic逃犯infringe (on); violate使害怕intimidate; frighten带来生气enliven对手rival吸引人的intriguing旁观者onlooker准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely突然醒悟it dawned on me that仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought对比及其相关用词可互换的interchangeable可与相比is comparable with (to)普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent是一个对比is a sharp contrast to比作is likened to; is compared to多样化的heterogeneous单一性的homogeneous一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large满于现状be happy with what you are预测未来project into the future另一个观点是 another way of looking at the matter is不宜取笑 it is not decent to make fun of评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors那并非说 that does not mean that那有这回事 there is no such thing as一个有待克服的困难是 a major hurdle for us to overcome is由造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from由组成 is made up of; is comprised of; consist必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check一般人认为 conventional wisdom suggests that这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:说服convince; persuade; cause to believe具体的specific; concrete; tangible刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended费时间去了解take time to acquaint oneself with是此问题的核心 is at the root of the issue无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable无资格的disqualified新四级写作考试大揭密真题网提供四级作文框架大放送 正反观点对比题目第一段一般只写三句。第一句：It is widely believed by many people for some time that .第二句：One reason they think is that. 第三句：The other reason they hold is that. 第二段一般只写三句。第一句：While others argue that .第二句：They maintain that. 第三句：They also claim that. 第三段写四句。第一句：From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that .第二句：On the one hand, . 第三句：On the other hand, .第四句：Only in this way can we . 图表作文第一段只写三句：第一句：As is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in fromto第二句：The first years saw第三句：The last years witnessed 第二段只写四句：第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons.第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly,第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句：第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 现象作文第一段只写两句：第一句：In recent years, there has been第二句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二段只写四句：第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons.第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly,第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句：第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 书信作文第一段只写两句：第一句：I am writing this letter today to 第二句：My name is and I am 第二段按照题目要求写： 第三段只写三句：第一句：I sincerely hope you can take my letter seriously.第二句：Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.第三句：Thanks a lot for your time and consideration. 谚语作文第一段只写四句：第一句：It is that 第二句：You cannot until you 第三句：The more you , the more 第四句：If you , you 第二段举例写：第一句：Examples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb.第二句：Lets take for instance.第三句：Another illustration of this is 记叙文按照课堂上的举例去操作。一描述事件when 时间，place 地点，who 人物，事件的经过（自己努力编故事）二描述地点Location, population, advantages and disadvantages, main attrations, climate, etc. 妙手空空 选择填空-新四级选择高分攻略真题网提供妙手空空 选择填空新四级新题之一 根据2006年六月最新的四级考试，新题型除了增加“快速阅读”，传统的阅读(仔细阅读)也被分成两个部分。一是选词填空；二是常规阅读(也就是传统上的我们最熟悉的四选一 )。选词填空是新鲜玩意儿，看看究竟葫芦里卖的什么药，又当如何应对。 I.考点分析：妙手空空术 简要交代一要考试形式：与传统考题的完形相似，但十个空格有A到O十五个选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。 选词填空，当然要考词汇。但比之以往专门的词汇题不同的是，它是更完全的更高层次的考察；与此前传统阅读理解里的“词汇题”相比，只是后者的一个扩展，实质并无不同。它们所考察的，都是在篇章中对词汇的把握。其实也就是：遇到生词怎么办？有句子，有文章，你搞定给我看！再直白一点：考的就是在上下文中猜测词义的能力妙手空空！ 所以这种考察不是莫名其妙的，而是为了纠正我们词汇学习中的一大误区：只知背，不会猜。从来都不乏这样一个似乎天经地义的观念：不认识单词，怎么懂得句子？而真相往往是：抓住了句子文章的要点，单词不在话下。这些要点是什么？我们一边讲解题方法，一边体会。 II.解题方法 一、尽量辨性 把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。 1.动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。 2.记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴，往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。 3.分不出的，词性不一定无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必赌气誓死纠缠，结果可能把自己缠死。 4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。 以真题为例，其选项如下： A) estimate；B) strength；C) deliberately；D) notify；E) tropical；F) phenomenon；G) stable；H) attraction；I) completely；J) destructive；K) starvation；L) bringing；M) exhaustion；N) worth；O) strike 名词：B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀) 谓语动词：A,D,O(-ate极可能是动词，fy为动词后缀) 非谓语动词：L(-ing结尾) 形容词：E, G, J, N(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀) 副词：C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀) 注意：所谓的“尽量辨性”一是要穷尽一切办法，不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行，不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的又没其它办法，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。 二、灵活求解 将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二才是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。 1.确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围 1)关于动词的判断 l 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 l 根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。 Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语) Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。) l 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。 The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. (前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。) 2)其它词的判断 l 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (这个/种奇怪的？，当然要一个名词了) The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词) El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。) l 副词修饰形容词或动词 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词) l 谓语动词前有名词主语 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。) l 介词后面必有名词 As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. (在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，注意要搞清楚，in有多种意义，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。) 二、句里句外，猜测词义 一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. Strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么？最好的当然是现象。 二看逻辑： 1.句内(状语从句，解释，并列等) As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. 此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就下降，当然是风的速度或风力。 So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51. 空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相类。与干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易选出starvation饥荒. 2.前文(指代等、句间连词) This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。 表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。 与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。 还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。 递进：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also 转折：however/but/rather/instead 因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence 3.后文(总分) El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。 三看习惯用法：固定搭配 Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用？worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。 III.总结 选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力，其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。 先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。 再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的周边环境。 有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找；而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。 附一：四级常用后缀 1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，17-grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost(11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, orga