如何写英语作文中的主题句.ppt

主题句,Sometopicsentences,Inoursociety,foodisoftenconnectedwithrecreation.Sleepmaywellbethethirdessentialcomponentofalongandhealthylife.Itisthecottage,morehomelythantheinn,moresacredthanthechurch,thatwerememberbest.Thereisabigdifferencebetween“beingawriter”andwriting.Therealityisthatwritingisalonely,privateandpoor-payingaffair.,Topic+controllingidea(主题+主题思想）主题：该段落所谈论的问题是什么？主题思想：作者对这一问题所持的具体观点主题句应该向读者明示该段所涉及的内容，使读者对阅读内容有一个明确的期待。,Topicsentences,Englishwritingisverydifficult.EnglishwritingiscomparativelymoredifficultthanotherlanguageskillsforaChinesestudent.Theword“red”meansverydifferentlyinEnglishandChinese.ThewordsreferringtocolorsmeanverydifferentlyinEnglishandChinese.,太笼统,太具体,ManystudentsbegintowriteEnglishjournals.ManystudentsfinditveryhelpfultowriteEnglishjournals.Somecollegestudentswontchoosetogobackhomeinsummer.Somecollegestudentswontchoosetogobackhomeinsummerforvariousreasons.,只是具体事实，没有陈述观点,一、好的主题句是段落内容协调一致,SanFranciscoisacityofbeautifulparksandpublicbuildings.GoldenGatePark,withitsspaciouslawnsandgracefulponds,enjoysinternationalfame.Thecitysbohemiansectionbecamethenationalheadquartersforjazz-agepoetryandphilosophy.EverytouristmustvisitFishermansWharfandCoitTower.Thecityisfamedforitsculturaleventsandconventions.TouristsandconventionmanagersareirresistiblyattractedtoSanFrancisco.Milesofvariedwaterfront,spaciousparks,andimpressivepublicbuildingscontributetothecitysuniqueappearanceandcosmopolitanatmosphere.FishermansWharf,withitsseafoodsmellsandcolorfulshops,attractssightseeingcrowds.CoitToweraffordsaspectacularviewofbayandcity.GoldenGatePark,withitsspaciouslawnsandgracefulponds,enjoysinternationalfame.,二、好的主题句能够为段落“掌舵”，使读者能较容易地理解下文的展开方向,1.Thedormitoryremindsmeofathird-classhotel.Eachroomhasthesamesetofunimaginativefurnishings:thesamepaleredchestofdrawers,thesamelightbrowndesks2.Thedormitoryremindsmeofabigofficebuilding.Peoplewhohalfknoweachotherpassinthehallwithimpersonalfriendliness3.Thedormitoryremindsmeofaprison.Thestudyroomisenclosedbywindowswithlinesonthem,givingthestudentapenned-infeeling,三、好的主题句可以逐段深化对全文主题的诠释,Smile-YoureonCameraTelevisioncontinuestochangethelookofpoliticalconventions.Whilemanyofthechangesmaybeforthebest,thereissomethingsyntheticaboutthisnewkindofconvention.Nevertheless,televisioncoverageofconventionsmanagestogetacrosstousagreatdealaboutthewayourpoliticalsystemworks.,主题句与支持句的关系,1.主题句统率支持句，支持句是明确主题句要旨的具体材料2.主题句靠支持句来阐明，支持句不能超出主题句所涉及的范围3.各段落的主题句相互合作，逐层推进，围绕全文主题展开。,Thinkofagoodtopicsentenceforthissetofdetails.,PenguinMomslaytheeggsandafterwardsleavetogetfoodfor2months.Penguindadsincubatetheegguntilithatches.Theytaketurnscaringfortheirchickandfeedinginthesea.Oncetheegghatches,Theyoungstayshelteredinthepouchofthemotherwhilethefatherbringsfood.,Whataresomedetailsyouwouldexpecttoseeinthisparagraph.,TopicSentence:Eversincehumanshavelivedontheearth,municationformssuchas:oralspeech,signlanguage,bodylanguageandotherformsofnonlinguisticlanguage，,Effectivebeginningofasentence,Comparethenexttwosentences,Theexhaustedteacherslumpedintothechairassoonassheopenedherroom.Exhausted,theteacherslumpedintothechairassoonassheopenedherroom.,IfindIvehadlesscommunicationwithmymothersinceIenteredtheuniversity.IwasbusywithmyTEM-4exercisesallthetimewhenitcametospring,sotherehadnotenoughtimeformetotalkwithmyparents.MymotherusuallykepttellingmesomethinghappenedinthepastweekwheneverIwasbackhomeonweeknends.Iwantedtobreakthiskindofembarrassedatmosphere;therefore,Idecidedtogoshoppingwithher.Ibelievethatshoppingisagoodwaytoimproveourrelationship.,1.以从句开头,WhileIbelievethestudyofFrenchcanbebeneficial,Idonotfeelitshouldbetaughttothird-gradersattheexpenseofreadinginstruction.Ifmysonistolearnanotherlanguage,Ipreferthathechoosestheonehewishestostudy.,2.以ly形式的副词开头,Excitedly,GregtoldmeofhisopportunitytotakeFrench.Patientlybutfirmly,ItoldGregIdidnotwanthimetotakeFrench.Slowly,GregsteacherexplainedwhyGregshouldtakeFrench.,3.以V-ing开头,Whiningandcrying,GreglefttheroomconvincedthatIwasacruelmother.Understandinghisdisappointment,IfinallyagreedtotheFrenchinstruction.,4.以V-ed（过去分词）开头,Strickenwithgrief,GregcriedforanhourbecausehecouldnottakeFrench.Frustratedanddefeated,IfinallyallowedGregtotaketheFrenchclass.,5.以“Todo”开头,Tounderstandmyreaction,youmustrealizethatIvaluereadingaboveallotherschoolsubjects.Tobeeffective,aforeignlanguagecurriculumshouldofferstudentsachoiceoflanguagestostudy.,6.以PP（介词短语）开头,Foranumberofreasons,IopposeFrenchinstructionatthethird-gradelevel.Bymystandards,readingismoreimportantthanFrenchforthird-graders.,7.变换衔接词在句中的位置,Hewassodisappointed,infact,thatIfeltcompelledtogivein.Thisdoesnotmeanmybeliefhaschanged,however.,8.使用并列复合句，加大句子容量,GregisdelightedtobelearningFrench,butIamannoyedaboutit.Third-gradersarenotreadyforaforeignlanguage,andIdoubttheywillprofitmuchfromit.,Theoptimizingofasentence,一、将句子重组，从而精简其内容和形式,1.句子间衔接松散从句结构Someexpertsfavorasix-yeartermofoffice.Theysaythatreelectioncausestoomanypressures.Long-termproblemsgetneglected.Theseproblemsarebothdomesticandforeign.Someexperts,maintainingthatbothdomesticandforeignproblemsgetneglectedintherushforreelection,favorasix-yeartermofoffice.,一、将句子重组，从而精简其内容和形式,2.句子间密切关联副词短语Itisnowillegalforindividualbusinessfirmstoconspiretosetprices.Inthesameway,thelaborofdifferentcompaniesshouldnotbeallowedtoworktogethertosetwages.Justasindividualbusinessfirmscannotconspiretosetprices,laborofdifferentcompaniesshouldnotbeallowedtoworktogethertosetwages.,一、将句子重组，从而精简其内容和形式,3.利用插入语或同位结构Traditionally,societyhastreatedalcoholicsasoutcasts.Nowmorepeoplerealizethatalcoholismisadisease.Thisdiseaseisoftenmadeworsebysocialpatterns.Traditionally,societyhastreatedalcoholicsasoutcasts,buttodaymorepeoplerealizethattheyarevictimsofadisease,oneoftenmadeworsebysocialpatterns.,二、恰当使用标点符号,ThegreatinterestinprofessionalfootballhasinspiredseveralfootballnovelsamongthemareNorthDallasFortyandSemi-Tough.Thegreatinterestinprofessionalfootballhasinspiredseveralfootballnovels.AmongthemareNorthDallasFortyandSemi-Tough.Thegreatinterestinprofessionalfootballhasinspiredseveralfootballnovels,amongwhichareNorthDallasFortyandSemi-Tough.,三、动词的选择,尽量使用行为动词取代非行为动词以增强句子活力Actionlessverb:tobe(is,are,were,have/hasbeen,hadbeen)Itwasclearthatthesopranowasnolongerincontrolofthehighnotesthathadbeenasourceofworrytoherforyears.Clearly,thesopranohadlostcontrolofthehighnotesthathadbeenworryingherforyears.,Thereisarealneedforfree,tax-supporteddoctorsandhospitalsintheUnitedStates.Currentlythereisamovementtowardsuchaprogram.ItiscalledHMOorHealthMaintenanceOrganizations.ManyAmericansbadlyneedfree,tax-supporteddoctorsandhospitals.ThenewHMOorHealthMaintenanceOrganizationprogramwouldfillthisneed.,四、去除句子中的无用累赘,TherearemanyfarmersintheareawhoareplanningtoattendthemeetingwhichisscheduledfornextFriday.ManyfarmersintheareaplantoattendthemeetingscheduledfornextFriday.Achildofpreschoolageoftenshowsadesiretoread,butthechildsparentsoftenignorethisdesire.Achildofpreschoolageoftenshowsadesiretoreadwhichhisparentsignore.,五、将无人称句改为有人称句，使句意更明显,Whenteaching,oneshouldbepatient.Teachersshouldbepatient.,六、包括多个从句的复杂句,1、避免使用that-if,if-because,which-when等“从句套从句”式的结构Ithinkthatiftherewerelessemphasisonconformityinhighschool,collegestudentswouldbebetterpreparedforindependentthinking.Inmyopinion,collegestudentswouldbebetterpreparedforindependentthinkingiftherewerelessemphasisonconformityinhighschool.,六、包括多个从句的复杂句,2.合并意义相近的从句，避免“喧宾夺主”Whenachildisconstantlywatchedwhenheisbornandwhileheisababy,thereasonisthathismotherwantstoseewhetherheisdevelopingasherbookssayheshould.Somemothersconstantlywatchyoungchildrentoseewhethertheyaredevelopingasthebookssaytheyshould.,六、包括多个从句的复杂句,3.避免“从句+主句+从句”结构导致的从句间意义相互限定Becausemanyteenagersmarryhastily,theirmarriagesendindivorce,becausetheyaretooimmaturetofaceadultresponsibilities.Manyteenagersaretooimmaturetofaceadultresponsibilities.Theymarryhastily,andtheirmarriagesoftenendindivorce.,七、避免使用多个介词短语,Alotofjournalistsofdifferentpointsofviewwerethere.Manyjournalistsholdingdifferentpointsofviewwerethere.,八、避免句子主、从成分相互纠缠,缩短主句，重新排序ItiswhatsherecalledfromchildhoodaboutthebegoniagardensthatwerecultivatedinCapitolathatdrewhertoreturentothatpartofthecoastlineonesummerafteranother.Summeraftersummer,drawnbyherchildhoodr