定语从句杨浦区教研员出.ppt

定语和定语从句,一、定语表达方式,前置定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词和名词的所有格、现在分词和过去分词。Heboughtanewbookyesterday.Ourgovernmenttriesineverywaytosatisfyourneeds.Wewonthesecondprizeatthecontest.Itisastonebridge.Mybrotherswishistobecomeadoctor.,Herushedintoaburninghouse.IcanspeaksomebrokenEnglish.Fiveyoungmenhavecometoasmallvillage.Mr.Brownssonworksinawatchfactory.Thismatterisofgreatimportance.Theexcitedfootballfansburntsomeprivatecars,后置定语：副词、表语性强的形容词、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、定语从句及当修饰一个由some,any,every等词构成的合成代词时的普通形容词。Thevillagerstherewereveryfriendly.Hehasjustreturnedfromhistripabroad.Wemusttrytohelpthemineverywaypossible.Thisistheonlyreferencebookavailablehereonthesubject.,Thepictureonthewallisbeautiful.Themanatthedoorisanengineer.Thegirlwearingaredskirtismysister.Doyouknowthemandressedinaleatherjacket?定语从句也是后置定语：ThisisthebookwhichProfessorLilentme.Illneverforgetthechildhoodthatwespenttogether.,二、定语从句,关系代词的用法：关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词。who（人,主格）whom（人,宾格）whose(人的,所有格)Heisamanwhomeanswhathesays.ThepeoplewhomwemetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.TheboywhosefatherworksfortheIMBismyclosefriend.,which(物，主格或宾格）whose(物的，所有格）HaveyoueverbeentothestorewhichsellsVolkswagencars?Thebookwhichyouarereadingmustbeinteresting.Thecarwhoseleftdoorwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.,that(人或物,只用于限制性定语从句)Thatsthekindwomanthattookcareofthechildren.Thedoctorthatyouarewaitingforwillcomebacksoon.Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmthatyousawlastnight?Thefactorythatmakesbikesforchildrenlooksmodern.,关系副词的用法：关系副词when,where,why也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因等。关系副词的意思相当于“介词+which结构。Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)hisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.Thisisthetimewhen(atwhich)sheleftforBeijing.,Thesupermarketwhere(inwhich)heworksisthelargestinNanjing.Iliketheschoolwhere(atwhich)mysonisstudying.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidntcometothemeetingyesterday.,How不能引导定语从句：Thisisthewayhowhebehaves(w)Thisishowhebehaves.(R)Thisisthewayhebehaves(R),用法要点：1.定语从句是后置定语，位于主语后或宾语及表语后。学会分清主句和从句。选关系词时以从句为标准。Theman_Italkedtoisasinger.Theman_cametoourschoolthismorningisasinger.Ihatetheman_iscomplainingtomymother.Iknowtheman_youmentionedjustnow.,whom,who,who,whom,2.选择关系词时应把先行词放回从句，将从句读通。根据先行词在从句中的语法成分，选择相应的关系代词或关系副词。读通从句的关键是从句中动词的用法。请比较：Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogetherinourchildhood.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.Thisisthehouse_Iboughtlastyear.Thisisthehouse_Ilivedtenyearsago.,which,when,which,where,Thereisonething_Iamnotclearabout.Thisistheplace_thetrafficaccidentoccurred.Thisistheplace_theforeignguestsaregoingtovisit.Thereason_shegaveisunbelievable.Thereason_herefusedherisnotknown.Thetree_wascutdownis300yearsold.Thetree_leaveshavefallenis300yearsold.,which,where,which,which,why,which,whose,Thisisthechild_fatherdiedinanaccident.Therewassomething_shewasinterestedin.Therewassomething_shewasinterested.Dontforgetthethings_Ihavejustremindedyou.Heistheman_Ilearntthenews.Thisisaring_shespent1,000dollars.Thisisthefamousmusic_Iliketolisten.,whose,which,inwhich,ofwhich,fromwhom,onwhich,towhich,3.关系代词的省略作直接宾语时可以省略。Theman(whom)yousawjustnowisourmanager.Whowasthewoman(that)youweretalkingwith?Whereisthebook(which)youborrowedfromthelibrary?,注意：关系代词直接在介词后作介宾时，不能省略。但介词位于句未时，可省去。Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.Thisisthegirl(whom)heworkedwith.Hetoldusastoryinwhichwewereinterested.Hetoldusastory(which)wewereinterestedin.,先行词为place,way,reason时关系副词的省略：Thisistheplace(where/atwhich)wemetyesterday.Thatisthereason(why/forwhich)Ididit.Theway(that/inwhich)thesepeoplelookatproblemsiswrong.,4.只能用that的情况：1）先行词是all,much,anything,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词。Thisisall(that)hesaidatthemeeting.Thereisnothing(that)heisafraidof.Allthatglittersisnotgold.,2）先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very,等词修饰时:Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthattime.Noreply(that)wehavereceivedissatisfactory.Pleasesendusanyinformation(that)youhaveaboutthesubject.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwant.,3）有两个或两个以上先行词，兼指人和物时:Hetalkedaboutthecitiesandpeople(that)hehadvisitedinEurope.,5.关系代词紧跟介词后时,只能用which不能用that：Shetalkedaboutthethingsfromwhichshesufferedalot.Thisisthebookforwhichhepaidfiftyyuan.,6.先行词为who用关系词that,先行词为anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody/someone/somebody/these/those用关系词who或whom:IsthereanyoneherewhocanspeakFrench?Hesawthemanagertalkingwithsomebody(whom)hedidntknow.Thosewhoagreeraiseyourhands.,Thankyouforlistening,Asyoungstudents,youhavemanydreams.Thesedreamscanbeverybig,suchaswinningtheNobelPrize;theycanalsobes_,suchasbecomingoneofthebeststudentsinyourclass.Onceyoufindadream,whatdoyoudowithit?Doyouevertrytomakeyourdreamcometrue?AndrewMatthews,anAustralianwriter,tellsusthatmakingyourdreamsr_islifesbiggestchallenge(挑战).Youmaythinkyourenotverygoodatsomeschoolsubjects,orthatitsimpossibleforyoutobecomeawriter.Thosekindsofideass_youfromrealizingyourdream.,mall,eal,top,Infact,everyonecanrealizehisdream.Thefirstthingyoumustdoistor_whatyourdreamis.Dontletitleaveyourheart.Keeptellingy_whatyouwanteverydayandthenyourdreamwillcometruefaster.Everybodyknowswhatabigdreamismadeup.Youmustalson_giveupyourdream.Therewillbedifficultiesontheroadtoyourdreams,bthebiggestdifficultydoesntcomefromotherpeople.Youneedtodecidewhatisthemostimportant.StudyinginsteadofwatchingTVwillhelpyoutogetbetterexamresults,whilesavingfiveyuaninsteadofbuyinganicecreammeansyoucanbuyanewbook.Asyougetclosertoyourdream,itmaychangealittle.Thisisgoodasyouhavethechancetolearnsomethingmoreusefulandfindnewhobbies.,emember,ourself,ever,ut,Yearsago,ifateenagerhadsomeproblemsinhislife,hemightwriteinhisdiary.NowateenagerwiththesproblemsmightgoontotheInternetandwriteabouttheminablog(博客).Inmanyways,adairyandablogarealmostthesame.Butwhatmakesablogdifferentfromadiary?Thebiggestdifferenceisthatablogismuchmorepthanadiary.Usually,ateenagertreatsherdiarylikeabookfullofsecrets.Bothdiariesandblogstellwhathtothewriterthatday.,ame,ublic,appened,Ihavealittlesister,andsometimesIgoonlinetoreadherblog.Shewritesaboutthingslikewakingupearlyforswimmingpracticeandnotstudyinghardeforherchemistryexam.WhenIwasherage,Iwroteaboutthesamethings,butonlyinmydiary.Then,afterIfinishedwriting,IwouldhidemydiaryinasecretplacebecauseIwaswthatmysistermightreadit!,nough,orried,Becauseablogissuchapublicwayofwriting,ithasbothgoodandbadpoints.Thebiggestproblemwithablogisthatacanreadwhatyouwrite.IfIamangrywithafriendduringschoolandwritesomethingbadaboutherinmydairy,shewillneverknowit.However,ifmysisterwritessomethingbadaboutafriend,thatfriendmayreadherblogandgetangry.Sowehavetobeverycarefulofwhatwewrite.,nyone,Abloghasgoodpoints,ofcourse.Peoplechoosetowriteinblogsbecausetheyknowthattheirfriendswillreadwhattheywrite.Forexample,ifmysisterwritessomethinginblogs,herfriendswillquicklyreplyandtellherhowmuchtheylikeher.Blogshelppeoplestayincontactwiththeirfriendsandlearnwhattheparoundthemaredoing.Ifpeoplearecarefulaboutwhattheywrite,blogsareaverygoodwaytowriteabouteverydaylife.However,Istillprefermyolddiary!,eople,Manyyearsago,therewasastoryofaschoolteacherMrs.Thompson.Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasal.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.Hedidntplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath.Shedidnotlikehim.ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasaaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself.ShefeltevenwwhenTeddybroughtheraChristmaspresent.Itwashismothersperfume.,ie,ctually,orse,Teddysaid,“Mrs.Thompson,todayyousmelllmyMomusedto.”Afterthechildrenleft,shecriedforatleastanhour.Onthatveryday,shestoppedteachingreading,writingandmaths.Instead,shebegantoteachchildren.Mrs.ThompsonpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Theboysmindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim,thefasterhei.Bytheendofthesixthgrade,Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.,ike,mproved,SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy.Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool,thirdinhisclass,andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Hewenttocollege.Mrs.Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned,TheodoreF.Stoddard,M.D.Thestorydoesntethere.Onhisweddingday,Dr.StoddardwhisperedinMrs.Thompsonsear,“Thankyou,Mrs.Thompson,forbelievinginme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakead.”Mrs.Thompson,withtearsinhereyes,whisperedback,“Teddy,youhaveitallwrong.IdidntknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou.”,nd,ifference,Itwasabusymorning,about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80sarrivedtohavestitches(缝线)removedfromhisthumb(拇指).Hesaidhewasinahurryashehadanappointment（预约）at9:00am.Ihadhimtakeaseat,knowingitwouldbeoveranhourbsomeonewas