游戏策划01.ppt

游戏策划,山东大学软件学院2011秋,教材,GameDesignWorkshop,SecondEdition:APlay-centricApproachtoCreatingInnovativeGamesMorganKaufmann,ISBN:0240809742,February08,2008,参考书,黄石，丁肇辰，陈妍洁，数字游戏策划(数字娱乐设计系列教材)，清华大学出版社，2008年6月信息产业部软件与集成电路促进中心;北京汇众益智科技有限公司，游戏架构设计与策划，电子工业出版社，2007年6月,内容简介,本课程主要内容包括游戏策划概要、游戏性要素、游戏策划思想和针对不同类型的游戏策划方法等，通过深入浅出地介绍当前游戏策划的理论和方法，并通过紧密结合实践训练，力图使学生深入理解并掌握游戏策划及实施的流程与方法。课堂教学与案例实践相结合，教学环节包括课堂讲解、独立策划与分组讨论、案例分析、游戏策划文档制作,PartIGameDesignBasics,Oneofthemostdifficulttaskspeoplecanperform,howevermuchothersmaydespiseit,istheinventionofgoodgames.C.G.JungGamesareanintegralpartofallknownhumancultures.Digitalgames,inalltheirvariousformatsandgenres,arejustanewexpressionofthisancientmethodofsocialinteraction.,gamedesigner,Partengineer,partentertainer,partmathematician,andpartsocialdirectortheroleofthegamedesigneristocraftasetofruleswithinwhichtherearemeansandmotivationtoplay.createthatelusivecombinationofchallenge,competition,andinteractionthatplayersjustcall“fun”,Gameindustry,Gameindustryrevenueshavebeengrowingatadouble-digitrateforyearsandhaverecentlyeclipsedthedomesticboxocerevenuesofthelmindustry,reaching12.5billiondollarsin2007digitalgamesthesecondmostpopularformofentertainmentaftertelevision,approach,exercisedrivenandextremelynon-technicalThecomplexitiesofsoftwaredevelopmentoftenhamperadesignersabilitytoseethestructuralelementsoftheirsystemclearlymostimportantskillinthegamedesign:theprocessofprototyping,playtesting,andrevisingyoursystembasedonplayerfeedback,3Steps,Startwithanunderstandingofhowgameswork.Learnaboutrules,procedures,objectives,etc.Learntoconceptualize,prototype,andplaytestyouroriginalgames.Createroughphysicalordigitalprototypesofyourdesignsthatallowyoutoseparatetheessentialsystemelementsfromthecomplexitiesoffullproduction.Understandtheindustryandtheplaceofthegamedesignerinit,digitalgames,havethecapacitytotakeustoamazingnewworldswithfantasticcharactersandfullyrealizedinteractiveenvironmentstheappealofdigitalgamesforplayershasitsrootsinthesamebasicimpulsesanddesiresasthegamesthathavecomebeforethemtolearnnewskills,tofeelasenseofachievement,tointeractwithfriendsandfamily,andsometimesjusttopassthetime,“playcentric”approach,keytodesigninginnovative,emotionallyengaginggameexperiences1stchapter：lookatthespecialroleplayedbythegamedesignerthroughouttheprocess,thedesignersrelationshiptotheproductionteam,theskillsandvisionadesignermustpossess,andthemethodbywhichadesignerbringsplayersintotheprocess.,structureofgames,lookattheessentialstructureofgamestheformal,dramatic,anddynamicelementsthatadesignermustworkwithtocreatethatall-importantplayerexperience.thefundamentalbuildingblocksofgamedesign,andtheyprovideanunderstandingofwhatittakestocreategreatgames.,TheRoleoftheGameDesigner,createtheobjectives,rules,andprocedures,thinksupthedramaticpremiseandgivesitlife,andisresponsibleforplanningeverythingnecessarytocreateacompellingplayerexperienceplansthestructuralelementsofasystemthat,whensetinmotionbytheplayers,createstheinteractiveexperience,questions,whatdoesittaketobeagamedesigner?Whatkindsoftalentsandskillsdoyouneed?Whatwillbeexpectedofyouduringtheprocess?whatisthebestmethodofdesigningforagame?,AnAdvocateforthePlayer,Theroleofthegamedesigneris,rstandforemost,tobeanadvocatefortheplayer.mustlookattheworldofgamesthroughtheplayerseyeswhatmakesagamegreatissolidgameplaytokeepyourconcentrationfocusedontheplayerexperienceandnotallowyourselftobedistractedbytheotherconcernsofproduction,Playtesters,PlaytestersarepeoplewhoplayyourgameandprovidefeedbackontheexperiencesothatyoucanmoveforwardwithafreshperspectiveObservetheirexperienceandtrytoseethegamethroughtheireyestoknowthatplaytestingistheheartofthedesignprocess,Playtestgroup,Moreplaytestgroups,Exercise1.1:BecomeaTester,Takeontheroleofatester.GoplayagameandobserveyourselfasyouplayWritedownwhatyouredoingandfeeling.Trytocreateonepageofdetailednotesonyourbehaviorsandactions.Thenrepeatthisexperiencewhilewatchingafriendplaythesamegame.Comparethetwosetsofnotesandanalyzewhatyouvelearnedfromtheprocess.,PassionsandSkills,First,agreatgamedesignerissomeonewholovestocreateplayfulsituations.Apassionforgamesandplayistheonethreadallgreatdesignershaveincommon.youllneedtodevelopsomeotherimportantskillsinadditiontoyourloveofgamesandyourunderstandingoftheplaycentricprocess,Communication,importantskillthatyou,asagamedesigner,candevelopistheabilitytocommunicateclearlyandeffectivelywithalltheotherpeoplewhowillbeworkingonyourgame,Communicatingwithteammembers,goodcommunication,goodcommunicationdoesntjustmeanwritingandspeakingitalsomeansbecomingagoodlistenerandagreatcompromiserPerhapsoneofthehardestthingstodoinlifeiscompromise,Teamwork,Gameproductioncanbeoneofthemostintense,collaborativeprocessesyoulleverexperience.hardcorecomputerscientiststalentedillustratorsandanimatorsmoney-mindedexecutivesandbusinessmanagerstherangeofpersonalitiesisincredibleinmanycasesthetaskofgamedesignisateameffort,Teamwork,Process,agamebecomesunbalancedwhiletryingtocorrectanissuebecausethedesignergetstooclosetotheworkGamesarefragilesystems,andeachelementisinextricablylinkedtotheothersachangeinonevariablecansenddisruptiveripplesthroughout,Process,Shouldbeinstillinggoodprocessesinyourteamfromthebeginningideascangetconvolutedandobjectivescandisappearinthechaosofdailycrisesgoodprocess,usingtheplay-centricapproachofplay-testing,andcontrolled,iterativechangescanhelpyoustayfocusedonyourgoals,prioritizewhatstrulyimportant,andavoidthepitfallsofanunstructuredapproach,Exercise1.2:D.O.A,TakeonegamethatyouveplayedthatwasD.O.A.ByD.O.A.,wemean“deadonarrival”(i.e.,agamethatsnofuntoplay).Writedownwhatyoudontlikeaboutit.Whatdidthedesignersmissouton?Howcouldthegamebeimproved?,Inspiration,Agamedesigneroftenlooksattheworlddifferentlyfrommostpeopleinpartbecauseoftheprofessioninpartbecausetheartofgamedesignrequiressomeonewhoisabletoseeandanalyzetheunderlyingrelationshipsandrulesofcomplexsystemsandtofindinspirationforplayincommoninteractions,Inspiration,gamedesignerlooksattheworld,oftenseesthingsintermsofchallenges,structures,andplayGamesareeverywhere,Inspiration,trylookingattheworldintermsofitsunderlyingsystemsanalyzehowthingsinyourlifefunction.Whataretheunderlyingrules?Howdothemechanicsoperate?Arethereopportunitiesforchallengeorplayfulness?Exercise1.3:YourLifeasaGameListfiveareasofyourlifethatcouldbegames.Thenbrieflydescribeapossibleunderlyinggamestructureforeach.,BecomingaBetterPlayer,OnewaytobecomeanadvocatefortheplayerdontjustmeanmoreskilledorsomeonewhowinsallthetimeusingyourselfandyourexperienceswithgamestodevelopanunerringsenseforgoodgameplayThefirststeptopracticinganyartformistodevelopadeepunderstandingofwhatmakesthatartformworkneedtolearntoplaywiththesameconscioussensitivitytoyourownexperienceandcriticalanalysisoftheunderlyingsystemthattheseotherartsdemand,BecomingaBetterPlayer,formal,dramatic,anddynamicaspectsofgamesformasetoftoolsthatyoucanusetoanalyzeyourgameplayexperiencesandbecomeabetter,ormorearticulate,playerandcreativethinkerBeinggameliterate:understandinghowgamesystemswork,analyzinghowtheymakemeaning,andusingyourunderstandingtocreateyourowngamesystems,gamejournal,writingyouranalysisinagamejournalhelpyouthinkthroughexperiencesyouvehadrememberdetailsofyourgameplaytryandthinkdeeplyaboutyourgameexperiencewhydiditstrikeyouWhatdidyouthink,feel,do,etc.WhataretheunderlyingmechanicsthatmadethemomentworkThedramaticaspects,Exercise1.4:GameJournal,StartagamejournalTrytodescribenotjustthefeaturesofthegame,butdigdeeplyintothechoicesyoumade,whatyouthoughtandfeltaboutthosechoices,andtheunderlyinggamemechanicsthatsupportthosechoices.Gointodetail;lookforthereasonswhyvariousmechanicsofthegameexist.Analyzewhyonemomentofgameplaystandsoutandnotanother.Committowritinginyourgamejournaleveryday,Creativity,needtoaccessyourcreativitytodesigngreatgamesEveryoneiscreativeindifferentwayscomeupwithlotsofideaswithouteventryingfocusononeideaandexploreallofitspossiblefacetssitquietlyintheirroomsthinkingtothemselvesbounceideasaroundwithagroupandfindtheinteractiontobestimulatingseekoutstimulationornewexperiencestosparktheirimaginations,Creativity,GreatgamedesignerscantapintotheirdreamsandfantasiesandbringthosetolifeasinteractiveexperiencesWillWright:TheSims,SporeNintendosShigeruMiyamoto宮本茂:oftenlookstohischildhoodandtohobbiesthatheenjoysExercise1.5:YourChildhoodListtengamesyouplayedasachild;forexample,hideandseek,foursquare,tag,etc.Brieflydescribewhatwascompellingabouteachofthosegames,Creativity,Creativitymightalsomeanputtingtwothingstogetherthatdontseemtoberelated,creativeideas,Sometimescreativeideasjustcometoyou,andthetrickistoknowwhentostandbyagameideathatseemsfar-fetched.KeitaTakahashi:KatamariDamacy(块魂),creativity,Ourpastexperiences,ourotherinterests,ourrelationships,andouridentityallcomeintoplaywhentryingtoreachourcreativityEveryonehasadifferentstyleforcomingupwithideasandbeingcreativeWhatmattersisnotthesparkofanideabutwhatyoudowiththatideaonceitemergeswheretheplaycentricprocessbecomescritical,APlaycentricDesignProcess,focusesoninvolvingtheplayerinyourdesignprocessfromconceptionthroughcompletioncontinuallykeepingtheplayerexperienceinmindandtestingthegameplaywithtargetplayersthrougheveryphaseofdevelopment,SettingPlayerExperienceGoals,goalsthatthegamedesignersetsforthetypeofexperiencethatplayerswillhaveduringthegamedescriptionsoftheinterestinganduniquesituationsnotfeaturesofthegameCanfocusyourcreativeprocessthinkingataveryhighlevelaboutwhatisinteresting,PrototypingandPlaytesting,ideasshouldbeprototypedandplaytestedearlyaphysicalprototypeofthecoregamemechanicsThegoalistoplayandperfectthissimplisticmodelbeforeasingleprogrammer,producer,orgraphicartistiseverbroughtontotheprojectintheindustrytoday,muchofthetestingofthecoregamemechanicscomeslaterintheproductioncycleInChapter9wedescribeanumberofmethodsyoucanuseonyourowntoproduceusefulimprovementstoyourgamedesign,Iteration,design,test,andevaluatetheresultsoverandoveragainthroughoutthedevelopmentofyourgame,eachtimeimprovinguponthegameplayorfeatures,untiltheplayerexperiencemeetsyourcriteriadeeplyimportant,Iterativeprocessdiagram,iterativeprocess,Playerexperiencegoalsareset.Anideaorsystemisconceived.Anideaorsystemisformalized(i.e.,writtendownorprototyped).Anideaorsystemistestedagainstplayerexperiencegoals(i.e.,playtestedorexhibitedforfeedback).ResultsareevaluatedandprioritizedIfresultsarenegativeandtheideaorsystemappearstobefundamentallyawed,gobacktothefirststep.Ifresultspointtoimprovements,modifyandtestagain.Ifresultsarepositiveandtheideaorsystemappearstobesuccessful,theiterativeprocesshasbeencompleted.,Step1:Brainstorming,Setplayerexperiencegoals.ComeupwithgameconceptsormechanicsthatyouthinkmightachieveyourplayerexperiencegoalsNarrowdownthelisttothetopthree.Writeupashort,one-pagedescriptioneachoftheseideas,sometimescalledatreatmentorconceptdocumentTestyourwrittenconceptswithpotentialplayers(youmightalsowanttocreateroughvisualmock-upsofyourideasatthisstagetohelpcommunicatetheideas),Step2:PhysicalPrototype,Createaplayableprototypeusingpenandpaperorothercraftmaterials.PlaytestthephysicalprototypeusingtheprocessdescribedinChapters7and9.Whenthephysicalprototypedemonstratesworkinggameplaythatachievesyourplayerexperiencegoals,writeathree-tosix-pagegameplaytreatmentdescribinghowthegamefunctions,Step3:Presentation(Optional),Apresentationisoftenmadetosecurefundstohiretheprototypingteam;alsogoodwaytothinkthroughyourgameandintroduceittotheteammembersshouldincludedemoartworkandasolidgameplaytreatment,Step4:SoftwarePrototype(s),creatingroughcomputermodelsofthecoregameplayDigitalprototypingisdiscussedinChapter8Playtestthesoftwareprototype(s)usingtheprocessdescribedinChapter9Whenthesoftwareprototype(s)demonstrateworkinggameplaythatachievesyourplayerexperiencegoals,moveontothedocumentationstep,Step5:DesignDocumentation,Whileyouhavebeenprototypingandworkingonyourgameplay,youhaveprobablybeencompilingnotesandideasforthe“real”game.Usetheknowledgeyouvegainedduringthisprototypingstagetowritethefirstdraftofadocumentthatoutlineseveryaspectofthegameandhowitfunctions.Thisdocumentisusuallycalledthedesigndocument,butrecently,manydesignershavemovedawayfromstaticdocumentstowardonlinedesignwikisbecauseoftheirexible,collaborativenature.Adesignwikiisagreatcollaborationtoolandlivingdocumentthatchangesandgrowswiththeproduction.,Step6:Production,Workwithalloftheteammemberstomakesureeachaspectofthedesignisachievableandcorrectlydescribedinthedesigndocument.Whenaninitialdraftofthedesigndocumentiscompleted,moveontoproduction.Productionisthetimetostaffupandbeginthecreationoftherealartworkandprogramming.Dontlosesightoftheplaycentricprocessduringproductiontestyourartwork,gameplay,characters,etc.,asyoumovealong.Asyoucontinuetoperformiterativecyclesthroughouttheproductionphase,theproblemsyoufindandthechangesyoumakeshouldgetsmallerandsmaller.solvedyourmajorissuesduringtheprototypingphases,Step7:QualityAssurance,Bythetimetheprojectisreadyforqu