小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点.doc

小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点一、名词复数形式规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以o.s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leafleaves 5不规则名词复数： man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 练习、写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_ man_ woman_ 二、一般现在时 1.一般现在时的功能 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six oclock every day.我天天六点起床。 表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 2.一般现在时的构成 肯定句: a. be动词：（有一顺口溜体现了它的用法：我用am，你用are，is用于他，她，它,单数is，复数are.。）主语+be(am/is/are)+其他如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。b.行为动词（实义动词）：主语+行为动词+其他除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形；当主语是第三人称时，则在行为动词词尾加-s或-es。如：We study English.我们学习英语。She goes to work by bike. 她骑自行车去上班。否定句: a.主语+be(am/is/are)+not+其他如：I am not a boy.b. 主语+dont/doesnt+行为动词原形+其他 如：We dont study English. She doesnt go to work by bike.一般疑问句: a. Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+其他?简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+ be(am/is/are).(否)No,主语+be(am/is/are)+not.如:Are you a boy?你是一个男孩吗?(肯)Yes,I am. (否)No, Im not.b. Do/Does+主语+其他?简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does.(否)No,主语+dont/doesnt. 如: Do you study English? (肯)Yes,we do. (否)No, we dont. - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：a. be动词：Who are you? b.行为动词：What do you do? How does she go to work?3.动词三单的变化规则（即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”）一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks get-gets 以o.s.x.sh.ch结尾,直接加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ wash_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的构成： be+动词的ing现在分词形式。肯定句：主语+be动词+动词ing+其他。如：We are studying.否定句：主语+be动词+not+动词ing+其他。如：We arent studying.一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他。如：Are you studying?肯定回答：Yes+主语+be动词。如：Yes,we are.否定回答：No+主语+be动词+not。如：No,we arent.（注：is not可以缩写成isnt，are not可以缩写成arent，但是am not在现代英语中不可以缩写。）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：What are you doing?现在分词的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking think-thinking2以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e，再加ing如：make-making have-having 3以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：stop-stoppingsit-sittingrun-running4以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加ingdie-dyinglie-lying现在进行时专项练习： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ study_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、一般将来时 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：肯定句：a. 主语+shall/will+do+其他。（will可用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称I和we)如：I will go swimming tomorrow. b. 主语+begoingto+do+其他。（注意：be动词要与主语的人称和数一致）如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.否定句：a. 主语+shall/will+not+do（willnot可缩写成wont）b.主语+be+not+goingto+do如：I wont go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow.一般疑问句：a. Shall/Will+主语+do+其他？ b. Be+主语+goingto+do+其他？如：Will yougo swimming tomorrow? Are you going to go swimming tomorrow？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：What will you go tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?练习填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我们将要学习英语 We _ _ _ learn English. We _ learn English. 五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如：yesterday，yesterdaymorning，yesterdayafternoon，yesterdayevening，thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），lastnight，lastweek，lastmonth，lastyear等。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2一般过去式的基本结构： Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）肯定句: 主语动词过去式其他。如：I was in Shanghai last month.上个月我在上海。We went to Shanghai last month.我们上个月去了上海。否定句：a主语wasnt/werent其他。如: I wasnt in Shanghai last month.b. 主语didnt动词原形其他。(did+not=didnt)如：We didnt go to Shanghai last month.一般疑问句: a. Was/Were+主语其他？如：Were you in Shanghai last month? b. Did主语动词原形其他？如：Did you go to Shanghai last month?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Where were you last month? Where did you go last month? 动词过去式变化规则：1一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;如：looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisitvisited2以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d；如：liveliveduseused3以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y改为i,再加ed；如：studystudied,trytriedflyflied4以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加ed，如：stopstoppedplanplanned 5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 练习一、写出下列动词的过去式 is/am_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ put _ kick_ pass_ do _ 练习二、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 练习三、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 六、人称代词和物主代词 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey宾格meusyouyouher him itthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourher his itstheir名词mine oursyours yourshers his itstheirs 人称代词指代人或物，在句中作主语或宾语，所以有主格和宾格。宾格代词用于替代处于宾语位置上的名词，可以用作直接宾语和间接宾语。如：Iamastudent.(I主语)Pleasehelpme.(me直接宾语) Givemeabook.(me间接宾语)物主代词是表示所有关系的一种代词，亦称所有格代词。物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词为限定词，放在名词或名词短语前作定语。如：Thisismybook.名词性物主代词起名词的作用，后面不可以再接名词。在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语。如:Yourpenisred.Mineisblack.你的钢笔是红色的,我的是黑色的。Hedidntusehisink.Heusedmine.他没有用他自己的墨水，他用了我的。习题一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 二、用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 七、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（一）构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est（1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallestshortshortershortest（2）双音节词如：clevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st如：largelargerlargestnicenicernicest 3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est如：easyeasiereasiestheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiesthappyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most如：beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautifuldifferentmoredifferentmostdifferenteasilymoreeasilymosteasily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。如：TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.（2）形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：goodbetterbes