动词不定式的时态和语态的变化.ppt

动词不定式的时态和语态的变化：,1.不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定是在to前面加not，（有时也用never表示强调）e.g.Shedecidednottobelateagain.Hepromisednevertomakesuchastupidmistake.Iregrettednottohavestartedearlier.,2.不定式在句中的作用动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成份。作主语Toliveistowork.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.,不定式作主语时，表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。有时为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式主语。,例_isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandoldA.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk例Infact_isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it,例Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion_.A.tobepaidmorethanamonthlaterB.tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthC.topaylaterthanamonthmoreD.topaylatermorethanamonth,B.作表语HisjobistoteachEnglish,不定式作表语：例Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake例Thetwopresidentsagreewitheachotheronthewhole,butmuchremains_atthefollowingmeeting.A.discussingB.discussedC.todiscussD.tobediscussed,C.作宾语IlearntospeakJapanese.Theydecidedtobegintheexperimentatonce.Iwishtobeacollegestudent.,不定式作宾语，通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。,例Weagree_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet例Mr.Johnsonpreferred_heavierworktodo.A.tobegivenB.tobegivingC.tohavegivenD.havinggiven,例Thepartywassuccessful,butwethoughtitapitynot_you.A.inviteB.toinviteC.invitingD.tohaveinvited,注意：一些系动词，如appear,come,fail,get,happen,prove,seem,turnout等后面接不定式。,例Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen,D.作宾语补足语在主动语态中作宾语补足语Ilikeyoutodoitthisway.PleaseaskJohntoturnonthelight.,b.在被动语态的句子中成为主语补足语Weareadvisedtowait.Theyareallowedtotalkintheclassroomafterclass.E.作定语a.动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面：Hesaidhehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.,b.如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词：Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.c.有些名词常用不定式作定语Beforeliberationhehadnochancetogotoschool.Ourteacherhadnotimetothinkaboutrest.Shewasthefirst(person)tothinkoftheidea.,例Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton例Wouldyoupleasegivemeapieceofpaper_?A.towriteB.towriteonC.towritewithD.tobewritten,不定式作定语不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作。,1)Themeeting_nextweekisofgreatimportance.(hold),tobeheld,例Ifthebuildingproject_bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completed例Firsthemadealistofthenamesofthose_.Thenhebegantowritetheinvitationcards.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.tobeinvitedD.havingbeeninvited,作状语a.作目的状语Hesatdowntohavearest.Theywenttheretovisittheirteacher.b.作结果状语Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.MygrandmotherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.,c.在某些表示喜，怒，哀，乐等的形容词后作原因状语：Iamverygladtoseeyou.Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.d.在带有enough或too的句子中，作状语，表示程度Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.Sheistootiredtodothejob.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.,例_ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamastersdegree.A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming例-Whyaretheypullingdownthehouses?-_anewparkinglot.BuildB.TobuildC.BuildingD.Built,3.不定式省略to的情况在feel,listento,make,let,have,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等词后，接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语B.在Wouldrather(wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner)than,ratherthan等结构的than之后用不带to的动词不定式：Iknowbetterthandosuchathing.Heinsistedongoingbacktohisworkratherthanstayinhospital.,C.在以Why引导的疑问句中用省略to的不定式：Whyworryaboutit?Whynotyougotherebybike?D.在Cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之后接不带to的不定式Icannotbutadmirehisco