新概念英语写作指导.doc

一、心态从雅思考试四部分来看，考生一般认为阅读和听力具备大量的解题技巧，只要将这些解题技巧掌握了，提高就会很快。而口语也有一系列的应付方法和考场对策。但是，相对而言，写作却是英语综合能力的体现，考生认为短短几个月的时间内突飞猛进基本不现实，因此对写作抱一种恐慌心态。于是得过且过,认为只要写作将就就行，自己不如把时间多花在听力和阅读上来帮自己“拉分”。持此种观点的中国考生不在少数，造成这样一种情况：大多考生对写作热情不高，把大量时间和精力花在阅读听力的练习上，从而到头来写作总的来说都没练过几次，以至于找不到写作文的一种节奏和感觉。到了考场上，必然会因为发挥不出真实的写作水平导致分数不理想我用的是李笑来的分类题库），先是把所有的题都读了一遍，在李笑来对题库划分的基础上，自己又进行了重新的划分，这种划分主要是便于我自己理解和记忆。然后列计划，每天写多少多少篇，有些题目彼此很相像，所以写一篇就行了。计划列好以后，坚持每天写两篇文章，都要掐时间。有的时候如果状态很好，会写三篇。这貌似是贯穿于整个复习iBT的过程中的，每天都会写至少两篇，一天都没有断过。后来考试的时候，遇到的题目貌似还是很熟悉的，因为本来就写了很多很多文章，貌似在短时间内狂飙了六七百字，后来托福iBT作文还考了30分满分，所以长时间的练习总算是没有白费。第一步，读题，分析题目。一个论点，正反论证永远都是最有力的。（下面详细说）第二步，列大纲，就那种简单的大纲就行。列一个大纲最多就四五分钟，除非遇到很变态的题目要想很久。第三步，写！写论文的时候，我不知道大家的脑子里一般都想什么，但我一般就是写这一段主旨句的时候，脑子里就赶快想例子。写例子的时候，脑子里就赶快想这一段的结尾句怎么措辞。写结尾句的时候，就想下一段的主旨句怎么写。这样比较快！二、英语基础薄弱许多参加雅思考试的考生并非英语专业的学生。另外还有一些高中生出去读本科，本来学得就不多。又或者有一些移民的考生，基本没学过英语。在这种情况下，总的说来，中国考生普遍英语水平比较低，基础比较薄弱。以这样的状态参加雅思考试很难达到雅思要求，尤其写作需要体现使用英语的综合能力。写作绝对是practice makes perfect换句话说，如果你考前连篇都没写到，那么你的作文是很难发挥出水平的，也就徘徊在分了（这还是基础好的）！三、对写作套句和框架和盲从雅思写作资料针对雅思写作研究出了一系列的写作中能利用的万能套句和关于整篇文章的万能模板和框架。而这些套句和模板又偏偏受到考生的大力追捧和喜爱，皆因通过套句和模板简化了考生的写作任务，使写作变得相对轻松和容易，但是殊不知这些套句和模板有时候却是致命的。朗阁雅思专家认为：首先，套句和模板非常死板不灵活，导致考生观点和句子表达机械，脱节，给人一种别扭的感觉。另外，考官见识过许多所谓的模板文章，对此非常反感，因为模板文章体现的并不是考生的英语能力而是记忆能力。第三，套句和模板大多为一些空洞的语言，不具备实际意义。因此，这样的文章分数必然不会高。四、 思维方式和思维习惯有学者曾经提出过文化思维对话语模式的影响，认为西方人的思维是直线型，而东方人的思维是螺旋型的。西方人写文章的时候直接表达必定优于间接表达，并且说话人的立场保持一致，不会用无关的信息掩盖真实的观点。因此英语写作一般以直线展开。通常包含四个部分：引出、主题、支撑、结论。反之，中国人是螺旋式思维，写文章的时候，把思想发上出去了还要收回来，让它落在原来的起点上。这样的圆型思维导致了汉语表达的螺旋式结构，即以反复而又发展的螺旋形式对一种问题加以展开，尽量避免直接切入主题，喜欢用描述性语言进行迂回说明。这样的写作方式是不符合雅思写作要求的。常用万能句型：1、Nothing has received more praise and abuse than something译文：没有什么能像这样毁誉参半。2、There is no doubt that译文：毫无疑问3、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子译文：之所以主要在于4 、It is conceivable that + 句子译文：可想而知6 、Leave much to be desired译文：远不能令人满意7、 The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that译文：造成该现象的最主要原因在于8 、There are probably many reasons contributing to this phenomenon译文：造成该现象的原因有许多。10、When it comes to .,译文：一谈到11、No one can deny the fact that.译文：没有人能否认12、To be sure, the topic concerning . can always attract our eyes译文：无疑，有关话题总是能够引起人们的关注13、Never has . failed to fascinate us in modern society译文：在当代社会总是能够引起人们的关注14、it is no overstatement to say that译文：可以毫不夸张地说16、.is a good case in point译文：就是一个绝佳的例子17、 People assume different attitudes towards this issue译文：人们对该问题的观点不一而同。18、As is widely-accepted,译文：众所周知，19、Nothing is further from the truth than this opinion译文：没有别的说法比这种观点更加荒唐了。21、There is an element of truth in both opinions译文：这两种观点都有其可取之处。22、Another consideration in this case is that译文：对该问题的另一层考虑在于23、The ever-accelerated updating of has brought about both chances and challenges译文：的加速发展既带来了机遇也带来了挑战24、Personally, I am in favor of the former/latter view.译文：从个人而言，本人支持前/后者26、Something be indispensable to somebody in this updating society.译文：在这样一个不断发展的社会对人们是不可或缺的27、It must be stressed out that译文：必须得着重指出29 A hot topic being discussed by an increasing number of people is whether.译文：正被越来越多人讨论的一个热点话题就是.是否.一、用于驳性和比较性论文 1. In general, I dont agree with 2. In my opinion, this point of view doesnt hold water。 3. The chief reason why is that 4.There is no true that 5. It is not true that 6. It can be easily denied than 7. We have no reason to believe that 8. What is more serious is that 9. But it is pity that 10. Besides, we should not neglect that 11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that 13. Perhaps I was question why 14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to 15. Though we are in basic agreement with,but 16. What seems to be the trouble is 17. Yet differences will be found, thats why I feel that 18. It would be reasonable to take the view that , but it would be foolish to claim that 19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that 20. What these people fail to consider is that 21. It is one thing to insist that , it is quite another to show that 22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。 23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。 24. As advantage sounds ridiculous when Bs advantages are taken into consideration。 二、用于描写图表和数据 1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. 2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year。 3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 4. It would be expected to increase 5 times。 5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year。 6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 7. The total number was lowered by 10%。 8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year。 9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent。 10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with 三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文 1.Everybody knows that 2.It can be easily proved that 3. It is true that 4. No one can deny that 5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is 6. The chief reason is that 7. We must recognize that 8. There is on doubt that 9. I am of the opinion that 10. This can be expressed as follows; 11. To take for an example 12. We have reason to believe that 13. Now that we know that 14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned 15. The change in largely results from the fact that 16. There are several causes for this significant growth in,first ,second ,finally 17. A number of factors could account for the development in 18. Perhaps the primary reason is 19. It is chiefly responsible of 20. The reasons forare complicated, And probably they are found in the fact 21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that 22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that 23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon 24. Different people observes it in different ways。 四、用于文章的开头 1. As the proverb says 2. It goes without saying tan 3. Generally speaking 4. It is quite clear than because 5. It is often said t