法国配电公司巴黎大区电网运行与管理.ppt

法国配电公司巴黎大区配网运行与管理,1.-Regionaloverview巴黎大区配网概述2.-Organization组织机构3.-Thedecisionmakingprocess:networkplanningcriteria决策流程:配网规划标准4.-Networkplanning:designstage配网规划:设计阶段5.-Parisnetwork:aspecificdesign巴黎配网:专项设计,2,ERDFle-de-France法国配电公司巴黎大区,Regionaloverview巴黎大区配网概述,ERDFle-de-France法国配电公司巴黎大区,Part第一部分1,le-de-France:regionaloverview巴黎大区配网概述,4,Paris:105km2.2millioninhabitants巴黎:105平方公里220万人口,le-de-France:12.000km11.6millioninhabitants28%ofFrenchGDP巴黎大区:1.2万平方公里1160万人口占法国GDP的28%,le-de-France:regionaloverview巴黎大区配网概述,5,Electricsystem巴黎大区电力系统,Paris巴黎Denseurban人口密集的城区,Innersuburbs近郊区Urbanandouter-urban城郊地区,Distantsuburbs远郊区MostlyruralandsmalltownsNewcities多为乡村和小城镇,6,Customers客户6.1millions610万65TWhdistributed配电量650亿度14,500MW(winterpeak冬季用电高峰负荷),Resources人力资源4,500people4,500人700MOPEX7亿欧元的运营成本310MCAPEX3.1亿欧元的投资,18%ofelectricitydistributedbyERDFinFrance法国配电公司在法国的18%的配电量,le-de-France:regionaloverview巴黎大区配网概述,DistributedGeneration分布式发电130maingenerators(CHP热电联产)130台主要发电机组500MWatpeaktime发电峰值可达500MW10,000smallgenerators(solar)1万个小型发电(太阳能),7,Primarysubstations源变电站,MVfeeders(20kV)中压馈线（20千伏）,LVnetwork(400-230V)低压电网400-230伏,40000secondarysubstations4万个二级变电站,Meters电表,Dispatching调度中心,PlanningThedecisionmakingprocess电网规划-决策流程,ERDF-le-de-France法国配电公司巴黎大区158HV/MVsubstations22.500MW158个高/中压变电站22.500MW78.750kmMV&LV3.000RCswitches7.875万公里的中压和低压线路3000个远程遥控开关,8,EHVandHVnationalnetwork超高压和高压电网图,400/225/150/90/63kVOperatedbyRTE400/225/150/90/63千伏由法国输电公司运营,9,TheHVregionalring地区高压环网400&225kVnetworks400和225千伏电网11substations400/225kV11座变电站400千伏和225千伏OperatedbyRTE由法国输电公司运营18%totalfrenchconsumption法国用电总量的18%1%totalfrenchgeneration法国总发电总量的1%,10,EHV&HVstructure超高压和高压结构,11,Surrounding400&225kVloopandconverging225kVlines外围有400千伏&225千伏环网，225千伏电网向环内辐射,Organization组织机构,ERDFIle-de-France法国配电公司巴黎大区,Part2第二部分,le-de-FranceOperationalDivision:mainmissions巴黎大区运行单位:主要职责,Todevelop,operateandrenewthedistributionnetwork发展、运营以及更新配电网Tomanagethepublicelectricitydistributionservice履行配电社会责任Tomaintainthequalityofsupplyandensurethesafetyofthirdpartiesnearelectricnetworks维持供电质量和保证电网周围第三方的安全Toinsuretheproperoperationoftheelectricitymarket确保电力市场正常运行Toguaranteeanaccesstothenetworkunderstrictconditionsofn-discrimination在遵循无歧视的严格条件下保证电网用户的公平接入Tomanagedistributionlicenses(contracts)withlocalauthorities与当地地区政府管理配电特许经营合约,13,ChiefOperatingofficer大区首席执行官,SeniorVice-presidentAssetmanagement高级副总经理资产管理,Vice-president执行副执行官Electricityoperations电网运行,Operatingofficer运营经理Seniorvice-president高级总经理,ChiefRelationOfficer客户关系经理Vice-president副总经理,SeniorVice-presidentCustomersandsuppliers高级副总经理客户与发电商管理,Networksdept.电网部,Localauthoritiesdept.地区政府关系部,SeniorVice-presidentHumanResources高级副总经理人事,SeniorVice-presidentFinance高级副总经理财务,Humanresources,Corporatecommunication人事及宣传部,Accounting,Auditing会计及审计部,-,Vice-presidentGas副总经理燃气,Agences,Vice-presidents副总经理,RelationOfficers客户关系负责人,Agencies电网运营单位,BusinesscustomersDept.商业客户部,Agencies电网运营单位,le-de-FranceOperationalDivision:organization巴黎大区运行单位:组织机构,Managementunits电力管理单位,SeniorVice-presidentLocalAuthorities高级副总经理地方政府关系,14,15,Organization:3managementunits组织机构:3个管理部门,1regionalheadquarterinParis1个位于巴黎的大区总部1sharedservicesunit1个服务共享部门3electricityoperationalunits3个电网运营部门3customersrelationunits3个客户关系部门,Paris巴黎,Paris,easternarea,westernarea巴黎市区、东部地区和西部地区,Missionsoftheterritorialrelationofficer地方政府关系负责人职责,ERDFsrepresentativetowardsalllocalstakeholders:该负责人为法国配电公司与所有当地利益相关方的联系代表-publicauthorities(prefectsprefecturestaff,.)公共机构(省政府及其工作人员等)-electedofficials(senators,MPs,councilors,mayors)当选的政府官员(上议院议员、国会议员、咨询顾问、市长)-regionalcouncil地区政府-servicesofcivildefense,police,firefighters国民防卫服务部门、警察、消防员-businessrepresentatives:ChamberofCommerceandIndustry,associations(protectionofenvironment.),consumerrepresentatives工商业代表:工商会、协会(环保协会等)，消费者代表-externalpartners:manufacturers,contractors,businesspartners外部合作者:制造商、外包商、业务合作伙伴-media(television,newspapers,localradio)传媒(电视、报纸、当地广播),16,Territories:relationshipwithpublicauthorities,accordingtoadministrativedivision供电区域内:与当地公共机构的关系,ValdOise(95),Hauts-de-Seine(92),Yvelines(78),Essonne(91),Seine-St-Denis(93),Paris(75)巴黎,Seine-et-Marne(77),Val-de-Marne(94),EASTERNAREA东部地区,WESTERNAREA西部地区,17,Electricitymanagementunit:mainmissions电力管理部门:主要职责,TechnicalandeconomicalplanningofLVnetworks低压电网的技术经济规划PlanningofLVconnections接入低压电网规划FrontofficeforLVconnections低压接入接待办公室Assetmanagement(maps&data-bases)资产管理(数字化电网图和数据库)ConstructionofHV/MVsubstations,MVandLVnetworks高/中压变电站，中压和低压电网建设OperationandmaintenanceofHV/MVsubstations,MVandLVnetworks高/中压变电站、中压和低压电网的运营与维护DispatchingonHV/MVsubstationsandMVnetworks高/中压变电站和中压电网调度Meteringandelectricalmeasurements电量计量和电子计量,18,Electricitymanagementunit:organization电力管理部门:组织机构,Seniorvice-president高级副总经理,Vice-president副总经理,Networkoperation(urbanarea)电网运营(市区),Networkoperation(suburban)电网运营(郊区),Dispatching调度,Metering电量计量,Communication宣传,Controlling监察,Humanresources人事,ConnectionsplanningAssetmanagement电网接入规划资产管理,Networkconstruction电网建设,HV/MVsubstationoperations高/中压变电站运营,HV/MVsubstationconstruction高/中压变电站建设,19,Frontofficeforelectricityconnections入网接待办公室On-sitetechnicalinterventions现场技术作业Newconnections/disconnections新用户接入/用户退出Adjustmentofprotectiondevices保护装置调试Interventionsonmeters电表作业Interactionwiththesuppliers与发电商互动Frontofficeandmanagementfortechnicalrequests(onbehalfofcustomers)入网接待办公室和技术需求管理（为用户）Qualitycontrolofdataexchangedwiththesuppliers与发电商的质量控制数据交换,20,Customersmanagementunit:mainmissions客户管理部门:主要职责,Sharedservicesmanagementunit:mainmissions服务共享部门:主要职责,Workforcecontractsmanagement工作合同管理Informationtechnologyandtelecommunications信息技术与远程通讯Facilitymanagement物业管理Cars,trucksandheavyequipmentlogistics作业用车以及大型重型运输工具Legaldisputes法律纠纷,21,NetworkplanningcriteriainIDF巴黎大区电网规划标准,Thedecisionmakingprocess决策流程,Part3第三部分,Primarysubstations源变电站,MVfeeders(20kV)中压馈线20千伏,LVnetwork(400-230V)低压电网400-230伏,40000secondarysubstations4万个二级变电站,Meters电表,Dispatching调度中心,PlanningThedecisionmakingprocess电网规划-决策流程,ERDF-le-de-France法国配电公司巴黎大区158HV/MVsubstations22.500MW158个高/中压变电站22.500MW78.750kmMV&LV3.000RCswitches7.8万公里的中压和低压线路3000个远程遥控开关,23,PlanningThedecisionmakingprocess电网规划决策流程,Themainobjectiveofnetworkplanningistomakesurethatmoneyisinvestedattherightplaceandrighttime电网规划的主要目的是在正确的时间内确保投资用在了正确的地方Iftooearly:lossofefficiency(youhadbetterinvestsomewhereelse)投资过早:效率不高(应将投资投在别的地方)Iftoolate:risk,lossofqualityofsupply,lackofcapacityofnetworkortransformer投资太晚:风险、供电质量不达标、电网或变压器容量不足Planningprocess决策流程Loadforecastbasedonexternaldata根据外部信息进行负荷预测Designoflongtermgrids(atleasttwooptions)远景网架设计(至少两个选择)Selectionofthebestoptionbasedoneconomicalcomparisonsandexternalcontext(acceptability)根据经济因素比较和外围环境因素(可接受性)选择最佳方案Firststepsofworks工程开工,24,Maintechnicalobjectives主要技术目标,25,Qualityofsupply供电质量Getridofconstraints(DU/U,maximumload)解决限制性因素(压降、最高负荷)Facilitateoperation方便运营Improvefaultmanagement(remotecontrolledswitches)改善故障管理(远程遥控开关)Increasereliability(lowerfaultnumbers)增加可靠性(降低事故数量)Reducetechnicallosses减少技术损耗Assetmanagement电网资产管理Replaceoldcomponents(cables)更新旧的设备(电缆等)Dontdepreciatetooearly(VNC)避免过早对资产贬值(账面价值)Allowsmartgridsonduetime及时发展智能电网Ensurecustomersconnectionwillbepossibleatanytime保证客户在任何时间都可接入电网,Customers客户:+0.7%/y.年MW兆瓦:+1.4%/y.年Identifymajorloadgrowthfactors找出负荷增长主要因素CheckcapacityofexistingHV/MVsubstations核实现有的高/中压变电站负荷容量Usetheknowledgeofpeopleinthefield通过当地工作人员了解实际情况、,26,Loadforecast负荷预测,CitieswithhighSAIDI(SystemAverageInterruptionDurationIndex)overthelast5years在过去5年内用户平均每年断电时间长的城市,27,QualityofsupplyCustomersminuteslost供电质量客户每分钟的损失,Oldtechnologyequipment老旧技术设备,Qualityofsupplyothercriteria供电质量其他标准,28,Poorvoltagelevel电压过低,Majorfloods大型洪灾,Vegetationmanagement(inruralplaces)植被地区管理(在乡村地区),Loadincrease低增长,29,Primarysubstations:capacity源变电站:容量,Newsubstations新变电站Justifiedincaseofmassiveloadgrowth,whenneighboringsubstationsaresaturated,orwhenqualityofsupplyisreallypoor(insufficientnumberofMVfeedersnumbers)在负荷大幅度增长、周边变电站饱和或供电质量极低的情况下(中压馈线数目不够)Transformerupgrade变压器更新JustifiedincaseofmassiveloadgrowthandwhenlocalMVnetworkisfine当负荷大幅度增长而且当地中压电网良好的情况下Transformerduplication变压器增容Justifiedbyriskmanagementconsiderations:whenafaultonatransformerleadstohighSAIDI从风险管理角度考虑:当变压器故障导致用户每年平均断电时间较长时HVsupplyduplication提高供电高压Justifiedbyriskmanagementconsiderations:whenafaultonaHVlineleadstohighCML从风险管理角度考虑:当高压电路故障导致过长的用户平均每年断电时间Thismustbedecidedjointlywiththetransmissionsystemoperator(RTE)务必要与法国输电公司共同做出决定,30,VariousstructuresareusedforHVsupply各种高压电网结构,Lowlevelofsecurity安全性较低Highlevelofsecurity安全性较高,31,Primarysubstations:engineeringissues源变电站:工程问题,HV/MVsubstationsspecificitiesinle-de-France巴黎大区高/中压变电站的特征Highconstructioncosts高建设成本Projectsmustbeselectedverycarefully项目选择需慎重Longconstructiontime(4to6years,dependingonHV)建设工程时间长(取决于高压侧，需4到6年)Absoluteneedtogetalongtermvision需具备长远战略眼光Andtomanageadministrativeconstraints(localauthorities)同时需处理行政方面的限制因素(与当地政府的关系等)Constructiondifficulties建设方面遇到的困难Realestate:wecantfindsurfacestobeconstructed,orsurfaceisnotsufficient,orshapeisnotfullyadapted土地问题:无法找到建设用地或建设用地面积不足或地形不适合建变电站Whenexisting,buildingsshouldbeadaptedtotransformers(weight)andothersafetydevices当对原有变电站改建时，需适应变压器(重量)和其他安全设备HV高压Thetransmissionsystemoperator(RTE)facesthesamedifficulties:administrativeauthorizations,constructiontime,peoplesopposition.法国输电公司面临同样的问题:政府批准、建设时间、居民反对等,32,HV/MVsubstations:calculationofenergynotsuppliedincaseoffault高/中压变电站:事故情况下未供电量的计算,IfPgP(t)overoneyear,itisthereforenotpossibletosupplyallthepowerneededincaseoffault如果PgP(t)超过1年，故障情况下无法保证供电需求Onepartoftheenergyisnotguaranteed部分电量无法保证得到配送Automaticswitchesareconsidereddisconnected自动开关被认为未连接Energynotguaranteed=P*max.H*max8760.Pg不保证配送的电量=P*max.H*max8760.Pg,Energyguaranteed保证配送电量,Energynotguaranteed不保证配送的电量,33,DeterminationofguaranteedpowerPg保证配送电量Pg的确定,Duration持续时间,Power功率,0,Operationofautomaticswitches自动开关动作,P1,P2,P3,END1,END2,END3,Operationofremotecontrolledswitches远程遥控开关动作,Operationofotherswitches其他开关动作,Repair修复,Prf,34,Thedecisionmakingprocess-Summary决策流程-小结,Auniformmethodology一致的方法Inputelements输入参数Diagnosisfromthemappingsystem从数字化地图系统中做诊断分析Faultsrecordedoverthelast5years过去5年内的故障记录Customerscomplaints客户投诉Loadsmeasurements负荷测量Elementsfrompeopleinthefield当地人口因素4Definitionofalongtermtargetstructure(30years)长期目标网架的定义(30年)Severaloptionsmustbecompared需比较多种方案Onthebasisofeconomicefficiencycriteria以经济效益为基础AndbenefitsintermsofSAIDI用户平均每年断电时间方面所获得的收益Detailedstudies详细研究Theinitialareaisdividedinsmallerareas原始区域分割成多个小区域Largestudiesareconductedforthemediumterm(10years)中期（10年）规划研究Elementaryworksareprogrammedyearafteryear,accordingtooperationalconstraints根据实际运营限制因素制定每年工程计划,Selectedareatostudy选出需i研究的区域,Initialareatostudy需研究i的初始区域,Targetarea30years30年目标区域,Divisioninsmallerareas(largestudies)区域划分规划研究,Futureworks工程计划,Projection远景计划Longtermtargetstructure:30ans长期目标网架:30年Largestudies:10years规划研究:10年,Planning-Decisionmakingprocess决策流程Definitionoflongtermtargetstructures长期目标网架定义,35,Longtermvision长期规划Scheduledworks(upto10years)工程计划(10年)Continuouscontactwithlocalauthorities与当地政府保持联系,36,Definitionof“largestudies”广泛研究定义,目标网架,Divisionoflargestudiesinelementaryworks规划研究体现到基本工程,37,初始状态,30年目标网架,状态1,状态2,状态3,Electricvehicles:anewparameter电动汽车:新因素,Thechargingmodeisachallenge充电方式是个挑战,Slow-chargingatnightmustbeprefferedtominimizetheeffetonthenetwork为降低对电网的影响，夜间充电必将得到青睐。,38,Designstage设计阶段,Networkplanning电网规划,Part4第4部分,Connection:voltagelevelvs.poweroftheload电网接入:电压等级VS负荷强度,40,Traditionalopenloopstructure传统的开环结构,HV/MVsubstation高/中压变电站,HV/MVsubstation高/中压变电站,MV/LVsubstation中/低压变电站,Remotecontrolledswitch远程遥控开关,MV/LVsubstation中/低压变电站,Referencestructureforurbanareas城区的参考结构AsimpleandefficientstructureOffersasufficientlevelofsecurityinmostcases该结构简单、高效，可满足大部分情况下的需求,41,Doublederivationstructure双回路结构,MV/LVsubstationwithautomaticpermutation具有自动转切功能的中/低压变电站,Remotecontroledswitchclosed远程遥控开关“关闭状态”,Remotecontroledswitchopen远程遥控开关“打开状态”,DerivationJoint分支节点,HV/MVsubstation高/中压变电站,HV/MVsubstation高/中压变电站,Structurereservedfordenseurbanareas,alreadyequipped该结构在人口密度高的城区使用Offersaverygoodlevelofqualitywhenassociatedwithautomaticpermutation在与自动传切功能一同使用的情况下可提供良好的供电质量Complexoperationincaseofdoublefault在出现双重故障的情况下，操作复杂,42,Dedicatedfeedersforveryheavyloads用于特高负荷的馈线,43,MVelectricsystem(mainly15kV&20kV)中压电网系统(主要为15千伏和20千伏),Paris巴黎Denseurban人口密集城区Doublederivation双回路结构,Innersuburbs近郊Urbanandouter-urban城区和近郊Openlooporseldomdoublederivation开环或双回路结构,Distantsuburbs远郊Mostlyruralandsmalltowns大部分为乡村和小城市Openlooporoverhead开环或架空结构,44,Aspecificdesign特殊设计,Parisnetwork巴黎电网,Part5第五部分,Close-uponthesupplyofthecityofParis巴黎城市电力供应基本信息,46,Surface城市面积105km105平方公里Population人口2.2millioninhabitants220万人口1.6millionLVcustomers160万低压用户2,000MVcustomers2000中压用户Power&energy电量13,400GWhdelivred供电量为13,400GWhPeakdemand3,350MW(winter2012)高峰负荷为3,350MW(2012年冬季),Primarysubstations源变电站36substations36座变电站56transformers56台变压器15rated100MVA(withreactors)15台额定容量为100MVA(带电抗)41rated70MVA(withoutreactors)41台额定容量为70MVA(不带电抗)Installedcapacity4.370MVA装机容量MVnetwork=20kV中压电网=20千伏980MVfeeders980条中压馈线4,900km-100%underground4900公里100%埋地电缆LVnetwork=400V低压电网=400伏4.900MV/LVsubstations4900座中压/低压变电站4.800km-100%underground4800公里100%地埋电缆,ParisMVnetwork巴黎中压电网,47,Anon-secureHVsupply高压供电保障不足Primary225/20kVsubstationsareconnectedtoradial225kVfeeders225千伏/20千伏主变电站接在225千伏辐射馈线上AspecificMVstructure一个特殊的中压电网结构Threeconcentriclayers三层环状电网TheMVnetworkisdesignedtomakeupforthelossof2neighbouringprimarysubstations中压电网设计原理为在失去相邻2个源变电站的情况下仍能保证供电N-2capabilityN-2原则Designedinthe60s60年代设计Inaverydifferenttechnicalcontext当时技术背景十分艰难,ParisMVnetwork巴黎中压电网结构,48,ParisMVnetwork巴黎中压电网,49,225/20kVtransformersaredistributedon3concentriclayers225千伏/20千伏变压器向3层环网送电Each100MVAtransformer(orsetof2x70MVAtransformers)isfeeding2setsoffourMVclusters(artres)每台容量100MVA变压器(或2台70MVA)为2组每组4条中压线路供电EachMVcluster(with6MVfeederseach),isconnectedto2transformersofthesamelayer每组中压线路(有6条中压馈线)与同层环网上的2台变压器相连接RegardingHVorsubstationfaults,thisMVstructurepresentsaN-2capability在高压或变电站故障情况下，该中压结构具备N-2能力Formerly过去EachMVclusterwasfeedingaLVnetwork,meshed,fullyinterconnected每组中压线路与低压电网连接，网状结构，完全互联Thereliabilitywasveryhigh,butwithloadgrowth,longdurationoutagesbecamemorefrequentanditwasdecidedtoradializetheLVnetwork电网可靠性高，但随着负荷增长，长时间断电频繁，因此决定对低压电网结构做放射性改造Theradializationwascompletedin1999完成年放射性改造Today今天EachMVclusterfeedsadistinctpartofthecity每组中压电缆为城区某一区域供电,ParisMVstructure巴黎中压电网结构,50,TypicalParisHV/MVsubstation(2x70MVA)巴黎典型高/中压变电站(2x70兆伏安),51,Always4clustersbetween2substations2个变电站之间总是有4组电缆,PS1变电站1,PS2变电站2,52,ZoomonaMVcluster一组中压电缆详图,Aclusterisformedwith6distributionfeedersA,B,C,D,E,FandaspareGfeeder“G”feedersareoftenusedtoconnectheavyloads一组电缆由6根馈线组成，A,B,C,D,E,F和G馈线G通常连接大负荷,53,Remotecontrolledswitches远程遥控开关,2.000remotecontrolledswitchesinParis巴黎电网安装了2000个远程遥控开关Theremotecontrolledswitches(OCR)allowtoquicklyisolateafaultyportionofafeeder远程遥控开关可以快速隔离馈线的故障区域。,54,DealingwithfirstandsecondHVcontingency高压事故应急处理,55,N-2事故状态,正常运行状态,N-1事故状态,AnetworkofgalleriesunderParis巴黎地下电缆通道,100kmofgalleries100公里的电缆通道Cablesarenormallyburieddirectlyintheground,underthepavement电缆一般采用直接地埋的方式。,56,ConnectionofloadstoMVclusters接入中压电缆组负荷,57,225kV/20kV变电站,225kV/20kV变电站,中/低压变电站,TypicalMV/LVsubstation典型的中/低压变电站,5,000MV/LVdistributionsubstations5000座中/低压配电变电站Locatedinbuildingsorunderthepavement位于地上或地下的变电站2,000MV/LVcustomersubstations2000座中压/低压用户变电站,58,TheLVnetwork低压电网,59,低压接线箱,中/低压变电站,低压馈线,低压接线箱,DiagnosisoftheMVParisnetwork巴黎低压电网分析,60,Historically,theParisnetworkhasshownitsabilitytodeliverahighlevelofquality从历史数据来看，巴黎电网有能力为城市提供高质量供电QualityofsupplyinParisisquitehigh,whencomparedtootherlargecitiesintheworldortotherestofFrance与法国其他城市或世界上其他大城市相比，巴黎城市供电质量很高Buttwomajorissueshaveturnedup但是有2个主要的问题1.-SAIDIhasbeenincreasingoverthelastfewyears在过去几年内，用户平均每年断电时间在增加Thiscanbeseenasaprogressivelossofreliabilitymainlyduetoclimatichazards该现象被认为是供电质量逐步下降的信号，但其主要原因是无法预知的恶劣天气造成的Heatwaves,storms酷暑、暴风雨Parisisalsoexposedtoariskofflooding巴黎城区也有洪灾的风险,DiagnosisoftheMVParisn