现代大学英语基础写作下.ppt

,ContemporaryCollegeEnglish现代大学英语基础写作（下）,Content,SummaryManuscriptform/Diction/Sentences/Paragraphs/TypesofWritingNarration(Units1357)Description(Units246)Letters(Unit8),SummaryWriting,1.Whatashortpieceofwriting-themainfactsorideasofastoryorarticle2.Features:objective,complete,balanced3.Goaltogivereadersanobjective,complete,accurateandbalancedunderstandingoftheoriginalpaper.4.Where:examinationquestionsnewspaperorTVreportsemployeesreports5.Tipsreadloose,periodic,balancedandparallel.Paragraphs-coherence-order:time,space,logical(least-most;most-least;obvious-subtle)TypesofWriting:narrative;exposition;description;argumentation,Therearemanydifferentformsofwritingfordifferentpurposes,WarmUp,Isthereasignificantmemoryinyourlife?Whatisit?Trytoshareitwithus.-writingstyle,Narration,1.Whatthetypeofwritingwhichtellsastory:personalexperience,imaginativefiction,historicalnarrative2.Essentialelements:eventsarrangedinachosenordertoldbyanarratorpurpose:toillustrateapointtosupportanideatoexplainaprocedure(程序,步骤)toentertainthereader/audience,Narration,3.Howtowriteconstructatopicsentenceusethefirstpersonpointofviewpresentyourpersonalexperienceinchronologicalorderselectdetailsthatserveyourpurposeconnectthedetailsbytransitionsp.s.ordinaryexperiencesarethebeatsourcesforpersonalnarratives,Evenwithineachgenreofwritingtherearedifferentkindsofwriting,Narrative,AnarrativeisastorydevelopedfromaneventoraseriesofeventsCharacter,settingandthemoodareusuallyestablishedatthebeginningofthestoryThemiddledescribeseventsinwhichacharacterdealswithsomekindofconflictTheendofthestoryorclimax,tellshowtheconflictisresolved,Characteristics,NarrativeHasaplot-beginningincludinganinterestingsetting(place,time),WhatIstheDominantImpressionintheFollowingPhotos?,WhatIstheDominantImpressionintheFollowingPhotos?,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,Specificwordshelptomakewritingclear,exact,vivid,andstriking,fortheyaremoreinformativeandexpressivethangeneralwords.Compare:agoodmankind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,warm-hearted,selfless,brave,honorablegoodfoodtasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,wholesome,fresh,appetizing,abundantHousemansion,villa（别墅）,chateau（庄园）,cottage,bungalow（平房）,cabin,hut,shack,shanty,barn(仓房）,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,PracticeEg.Laugh:smile,grin,chortle,guffaw,sneer,titter,giggleCry:sob,weep,blubber,snivel,howl,bawl,wail,moan,Animal:Flower:Wind:RainTree:Walk:Angry:Lookat:,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,General:Itisoftenwindyanddustyhereinspring.Specific:Inspringthereisoftenaverystrongnorthwestwind.Itcarriessomuchfinedustwithitthatsometimesthesunbecomesobscure.Thereisnoescapefromthefinedust;itgetsintoyoureyes,yourears,yournostrils,andyourhair.Itgoesthroughthecracksofclosedwindowsandcoversyourdesksandchairs.,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,General:Theroomwasamess.Specific:AsIwalkedintotheroomIcouldbarelyfindacleanplacetostep.Therewereclothesalloverthefloor,alongwithpapers,books,andpossiblywhatlookedlikeanold,moldysandwich.Thestenchwasunbearable.,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,General:Ilovethesmellofsunshine.Specific:?Yourturn,Describingaplace,DescribingaPlace,Placesmaybedescribedfortheirownsake,asinessaysonvisitstofamousscenicplaces,butalsoforthepurposeofrevealingthepersonalityandcharacterofaperson,orcreatingafeelingormood.Eg.Acleanandtidyroommightshowthattheoccupantisanorderlyperson.Eg.Thehowlingofachillywind,thefallingofautumnleaves,ahousestandinginsolitudeonabarrenmountain,allhelptobuildupasombermoodandincreasethefeelingofdepression.,Practice:Whatisthedominantimpressionofthisplace?,Thisroomwaschill,becauseitseldomhadafire;itwassilent,becauseremotefromthenurseryandkitchen;solemn,becauseitwasknowntobesoseldomentered.Thehouse-maidalonecamehereonSaturdays,towipefromthemirrorsandthefurnitureaweeksquietdust:andMrs.Reedherself,atfarintervals,visitedittoreviewthecontentsofacertainsecretdrawerinthewardrobe,wherewerestoreddiversparchments(羊皮纸古文稿）,herjewel-casket,andaminiature（微型人像画）ofherdeceasedhusband.(ByCharlotteBronte),Practice:Whatisthedominantimpressionofthisplace?,PossibleKey:Thisdescriptiongivesthereaderagloomyandlifelessimpressionandmakesonefeelchillyandfrightened.Thisplaceappearstobeghost-haunted.,Writingassignment,Writeanessayaboutaparticularplacethatyouobservecarefullyorthatyoualreadyknowwell.Youmightchooseoneofthefollowingoranotherplaceyouthinkof:,PetshopDoctorswaitingroomBarornightclubLibrarystudyareaYourbedroomorthebedroomofsomeoneyouknowWaitingroomattrainstation,busterminalorairportAntiqueshoporsomeothersmallshop,1.Adescriptivepapermusthaveathesis.Yourthesisshouldstateadominantimpressionabouttheplaceyouraredescribing.,Thestudyareawasnoisy.Thebedroomwaswell-organized.Thepetshopwascrowded.Therestaurantwasnoisy.Theexamroomwastense.,2.Onceyouhavewrittenyoursentence,makealistofasmanydetailsasyourcantosupportthatgeneralimpression.,“TheDinneratMidnight”,TiredworkersatcounterRainyparkinglotQuietFewcarsinlotDrearygraybuildingLonelyyoungmanNohostessTired-lookingwaitress,3.OrganizeyourpaperwithanorderPhysicalorderfromlefttoright,fartonearsizefromlargefeaturestosmalleronesspecialorderwhichappropriatetoyoursubject,4.ceedtowritethefirstdraft,Describinganobject,Tipsonhowtodescribeanobject,Statebrieflyhowyougottheobject,ifthisisimportant.Providesomebasicfactualinformationaboutit(itssize,shape,texture,color,ect.)Pointoutitsusefulfeatures(uses,functions,etc.)Focusonaparticular,probablythemostimportantcharacteristicoftheobjectStateinwhatwaytheobjectisimportanttoyou,Describingaperson,DescriptionofaPerson,Indescribingaperson,thewritershouldnotmerelygivedetailsofhisappearance.Heshouldtrytorevealthepersonscharacter,thoughts,andfeelings,whichmaybeshowninwhatthepersondoesandsays,orinhowhebehavestoothers.Itisimportanttograspthecharacteristicfeaturesthatdistinguishhimfromallotherpeople.Thosefeaturesthatheshareswithotherscanbeomitted.Peculiaritiesandidiosyncrasiesofaperson,ifany,shouldbeincludedinthedescription,fortheyusuallyimpressthereaderdeeplyandgivelifetothepersondescribed.Showthepersoninaction-showingaperson(indirectdescription)Useanecdotes,WaystoDescribeaPerson,Describehis/herappearanceDescribehis/herlanguageDescribehis/herbehaviorDescribehis/hermannerDescribehis/herpsychologyEtc.,WordsDescribingaPerson,AdjectivestodescribeapersonModest/Decorous端庄稳重的/Self-effacing谦让的/Easy-going/Quiet/Demure娴静的/Unassuming平易近人的/Soft-spoken/Compatible能谦容的/Amiable亲切的/Withoutair/Affable和蔼的/Good-humored脾气好的/Obliging照顾周到的/Considerate考虑周到的/Cordial/Gregarious合群的/Impartial公正的Ardent/enthusiastic/zealous热情的/Erudite博学的/Versatile/Diligent/Thrifty/frugal节约的Optimistic乐观的Openandaboveboard正大光明/Calm,coolandcollected镇静沉着/Introverted/Extroverted,PhysicalAppearance,描述身材常用的形容词有:tall,small,short,ofmediumheight描述体型的有:fat,thin,slim,big,small,ofmediumbuild,strong,obese等.描述相貌的有:beautiful,pretty,good-looking,charming,sweet,handsome,funny,ugly,peculiar,rough,ill-looking,homely,PhysicalAppearance,体格（build）:fat;thin;slim;skinny;overweight;slight;well-build身高（height）:mediumheight;averageheight;belowaverage;tall;short;tallish;middle-sized;ofmediumheight;1.78meters脸型（face）:round;thin;long;squareA.Shehasaverypleasantsmileandshealwayshasatwinkleinhereye.B.Shewasyoung,withafair,calmfacethatshowedacertainstrength.,PhysicalAppearance,头发（hair）:(1)发型（hairstyle）:straight;curly;pigtails;crewcut平头;baldHerhairisbrownandcurly.(2)发色(haircolor):jet-black乌黑的;fair金色的;blonde淡黄色的;golden金黄色的;dyed染色的;brunette浅黑色的;mousey灰褐色的;chestnut栗色的.Sheisabeautifulgirlwithfairhair.Themiddle-agedmanalreadyhasdoublechinsandrecedinghairline.,PhysicalAppearance,五官:(1)眼睛（eye）:deep-set;sunken凹陷的;bulging/protruding凸出的;eyelashes;eyebrows.A.Hiseyesaredeep-setbecausehehasworkedtillmidnightforalongtime.他的眼睛深陷，因为他这段时间经常工作到深夜。B.HehadthemostbeautifulblueeyesIhadeverseen.,PhysicalAppearance,(2)鼻子(nose):long;straight;big;small;flat;hooked.A.Hewasbornahookednose.B.Hisnoseisverybig,sohedoesntlikeit.(3)嘴部(mouth):tooth;even;uneven;chinA.Whenhelaughs,weseehiseventeeth.B.Shehasadoublechin.,PhysicalAppearance,服饰（dress）:smart潇洒的;scruffy邋遢的；well-dressed衣着华丽的;casual随便的;conservative不显眼的;elegant优雅的;fashionable时髦的;suave文雅的;untidy不整洁的.A.Helookscasualjustwearingatweedsuit.他穿了一件花格子衬衫，看上去很随便。B.Shealwaysdressveryelegantandtidy.她总是穿着优雅整洁。,Language,Well-educatedEducatedNotwell-educatedIlliterateExamplefor“notwell-educated”OnedayIfoundTonyatourmeetingplacebehindthegarage.Iwanttobeprentice,hesaid.Mr.Craw,hesaid,Ilikeabuyahouse.,Behavior,快乐A.Heisveryhappyandsweet.B.Theydidntknowwhattodowiththemselvesforjoy.C.Hejumpedforfun.D.Herfacebrightenedup.,满意A.Theresultissatisfactory.B.Itisdifficulttopleaseeverybody.C.Thereisalwaysasmileofcontentmentonherface.D.Shebelongstothosewhoareverydifficulttosatisfy.E.Seeingtheirtaskfinishedgivesthemasenseofsatisfaction.,Behavior,惊讶A.Imsurprisedtofindyouhere.B.Itsnothingtobesurprisedabout.C.Tomysurprise,hedidntcomeyesterday.D.Shelookedatmeinamazement.E.Herappearancefairlytookmybreathaway.F.Everyonelookedatherinastonishment.,悲伤A.Helookssosad.B.Heisnostrangertosorrow.C.Hissadstorymakesherfeelpity.D.Hiswifesdiseasetookawayhisappetite.E.Thenewsdepressesher.,Behavior,愤怒A.Shewasburningwithanger.B.Heeasilyloseshistemper.C.Hewasinarage.D.Shewasredwithanger.,Speak/say/talk/tell/chat/gossipA.Canyouchildspeakyet?B.Hesaidhewantedtogototown.C.Iwanttotalktoyouaboutanurgentmatter.D.Tellmewhathappened.E.Theydroppedinforachatlastnight.F.Youshouldntlistentogossip.,Model1:Atalkativeperson,Heissotalkativethatwheneverhechoosesyouashislistener,whetheryouarewillingornot,youcantescapefromhimwithouthelplesslygivingup2or3hoursofyourprecioustime.Heisafrequentvisitortoothershouses.Oncehehassettledhimselfcomfortablyonyoursofa,hewillremainthererooted,talkingonandonexceptforafewintervalsoffillinghisteacupandlightinghiscigarettes.Heisextremelyinsensitivetoothersattitudes;whilehisvictimskeepsilent,desperatelygivinghimhintstostop,hetakestheirsilenceasadmirationofhiseloquence.Heisreallyagreattalkerandabletoseizeonanychancetobeginhisconstantflowofwordswheneverheseesyou.,Model2:TonyTrivisonnosAmericanDream,Questions:1.WhatisthedominantimpressiontowardTonyTriv