5种简单句ppt课件

FiveTypesofSimpleSentences简单句的五种类型,1,十大词类(PartsofSpeech)英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词。,2,3,需要弄清楚的几个概念：1、及物动词(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。eg.Theywantsomebooks.Heisreadingabook.2、不及物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。eg.Birdsfly.Heworksinthefactory.3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,构成谓语。如：be(是),look(看起来像),become(成为,变得)等。eg.Theyareteachers.Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.,4,句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语等，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。,5,6,主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,谓语:说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样宾语:表示动作行为的对象宾语补足语:补充宾语的成分表语:说明主语的性质或特征,位于系动词之后。以上的成分称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4个基本成分。,句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence),7,定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Tomisaboywholikesmusicverymuch.,（形容词）,（分词）,（名词）,（代词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,8,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）,9,Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.方式状语Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.伴随状语Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.目的状语Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.结果状语Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.让步状语Iamtallerthanheis.比较状语,10,同位语:对其前面的名词代词做进一步解释.ThatisMr.Chen,ourEnglishteacher.插入语:对一句话作一些附加的解释.Tobehonest,Idontquiteagreewithyou.,定语，状语，同位语及插入语可以称为附属句子成分。,11,句子分类,12,判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,13,5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,14,FiveTypesofSimpleSentences简单句的五种句型,15,简单句的五种基本结构：,1.Thesunrises.2.Idontlikebasketball.3.Dannyistired.4.Heshowsmeabook.5.Ifoundtheoldmaningoodhealth,主语+不及物动词,主语+及物动词+宾语,主语+系动词+表语,主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,主语+动词+宾语+宾补,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,16,FiveTypesofSimpleSentences:,1.主语+不及物动词,2.主语+及物动词+宾语,3.主语+系动词+表语,4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补,Subject+IntransitiveVerb,Subject+TransitiveVerb+Object,Subject+LinkVerb+Predictive,Subject+Verb+IndirectObject+DirectObject,Subject+Verb+Object+Complement,17,FiveTypesofSimpleSentences:,1.主语+不及物动词,2.主语+及物动词+宾语,3.主语+系动词+表语,4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补,S+V,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,18,基本句型一+（主谓）,此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思，没有直接宾语。主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语如，Theredsunrisesintheeast.,19,例如：Thewaterisboiling.SVTheyhavebeenwaitingthereforhours.SVThetrainwillleavesoon.SVTheflagsarewavinginthewindSV,20,基本句型二+（主系表）,系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。,21,系动词有三类：1.表示特征和存在状态的：be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste2.表状态延续的：remain,stay,keep,continue,stand3.表状态变化的：become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow,22,Heisagoodstudent.SVPSheisintheclassroom.SVPItisgettingwarmerandwarmer.SVPThetreesturngreen.SVP,23,基本句型三+（主谓宾）,此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。,24,Hehasasister.SVOTheywantedtohavearest.SVOShecarriedoutherplan.SVOHelikeswatchingTV.SVO,25,动词不定式做宾语：常见的动词有：agree,choose,decide,expect,fail,hope,wish,manage,offer,plan,refuse,want等e.g.Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire.,26,常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit，allow，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape,fancy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,risk,stop,suggest等。e.g.Youshouldavoidmentioninghisdivorce.,27,动词短语有：giveup,insiston,feellike,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto,bebusy,等e.g.HewillkeeptryingoutnewideassohecanhelpfarmersaroundChina.Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.,28,有些动词，后面皆可以接动名词，也可以接不定式做宾语。常见的有attempt，begin,continue,fear,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,love,need,prefer,regret,remember,start,stop,try,want.等有些动词后接动名词与不定式，意思会有所不同。,29,Stoptalking,StoptotalkIcanthelplaughingIcanthelptocleantheoffice.RegrettellingRegrettotellForgetpostingtheletterForgettoposttheletterRemembersendingherane-mailRemembertosendherane-mail.,30,基本句型四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）,此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接宾语（多指人）。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to或for。Heboughtmeabeautifulskirt.Heboughtabeautifulskirtforme.,31,用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing等。,32,Shebroughtmeashirt.SVIODOPasshimthedictionary,please.VIODOIlendhimmybicycle.SVIODOHermotherboughtheraskirt.SVIODO,33,基本句型五+（主谓宾宾补）,此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,34,注意：用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。,即主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如，Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.,常用于此句型的动词有:think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make,35,WecallhimXiaoLiu.SVOCThenewsmademehappy.SVOCHekeepshishandbehindhisback.SVOCThestorymadeuslaugh.SVOCHeheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.SVOC,36,动词+宾语+不定式（todo）常见的可用不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：want,ask,wish,allow,forbid,encourage,force,invite,order,persuade,tell,advise等。e.g.Hewantmetobecareful.heaskedmetomarryhim.,37,在感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,smell,feel等动词后不定式做补语，省略to.在被动句中to不能省。e.g.IsawhimdanceHewasseentodance.在使役动词let,have,make等后面做宾补，不定式省略to.被动句中则不能省略！e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.,38,现在分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,have,get等动词后做补语。e.g.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingwithfear.IcouldseeoldTomswimmingbytheboat,showingustheway.,39,过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,have,make,get等动词后做补语。e.g.Totheirsurprise,thethreecountriesfoundthemselvesunitedpeacefullyinsteadofbywar.Shefailedtomakeherselfheardabovethenoiseofthetraffic.,40,Youaresittingonthetrainhome.Therecomesthebus!Theegospotentialforexpansionislimitless.BreckenridgehoststheinternationalSnowSculptureChampionships.Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.,主+谓（S+V）,主+谓（S+V）,主+系+表（S+V+P）,主+动+宾（SVO）,主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）,主+动+宾+补（SVOC）,判断下列句子属于何种句式,Exercises:,41,更正下列句子的错误,Exercises:,1.Hecametheroom.2.Themusicsounds.3.Ihaveseen.4.Hegaveapenme.5.Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabooktome.,1.Hecameintotheroom.2.Themusicsoundswonderful.3.Ihaveseenthefilm.4.Hegaveapentome.5.Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabookforme.,42,After-classExercise,43,Mysisterisanurse.Theyaredrinking.Theyaredrinkingtea.Theoldmanwalksinthepark.Shepassedhimthesalt.Wekeepthetableclean.,_S,_V,_P,_S,_V,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_S,_V,_IO,_DO,_S,_V,_O,_C,判断下面的句子是哪种句型,44,7.Theyworkhard.8.Theflowerisdead.9.Plantsneedwater.10.Hegivesmesomeseeds.11.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.12.Manyanimalsliveintrees.,_S,_V,_S,_V,_P,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_IO,_DO,_S,_V,_O,_C,_S,_V,45,Thespringiscoming.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Showmeyourbooks.Keepthemwarmatnight.,S+V,S+V+P,S+V+O,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,46,Theyworkhard.Theflowerisdead.Plantsneedwater.YoursisterdancesbeautifullyTheyprovedthattheearthwasround.Thisfoodlooksinviting.Doingthatwouldbeplayingwithfire.,S+V,S+V+P,S+V+O,主谓,主谓宾,主系表,主谓宾,47,Theykepttheirmarriageasecret.Heplayeddead.Shewasnicknamed“LittleRabbit”.Showmewhatyoubought.Sheneverdoubtedtha