林语堂翻译理论.ppt

林语堂的翻译理论与实践,林语堂,LifeandWorks,LinYutang(October10,1895March26,1976)wasaChinesewriterandinventor.HewasborninasmalltowninZhangzhou,Fujian.HisfatherwasaChristianminister.HishasshiftedhisfaithfromChristianitytoTaoismandBuddhism,andbacktoChristianity.HeobtainedhisbachelorsdegreefromSt.JohnsUniversityinShanghai,amastersdegreeincomparativeliteraturefromHarvardUniversity,andadoctorateinlinguisticsfromLeipzig,UniversityinGermany(德国莱比锡大学).HehasbeencelebratedasaChineseauthorofbooksinEnglishandknownforhisworkasalinguist,philosopher,writer,traveler,andinventor.From1923to1926hetaughtEnglishliteratureatPekingUniversity.UrgedbyPearlBuck(赛珍珠),hewenttoAmericain1935andsoonpublishedhisfirstbestsellersMyCountryandMyPeople.Actually,hismaincountributioniswritting,especiallywrittingsinEnglish,nottranslation.,1940年纽约艾迈拉大学（ElmiraCollege）校长给他颁授荣誉文学博士学位时，称赞他为“哲学家、作家、才子、是爱国者，也是世界公民”，“bythemagicofyourpen,youhaveportrayedthesoulofyourgreatpeopletothepeopleoftheEnglishspeakingworldinawaynopersonhaseverdonebefore.Indoingso,youhavespokentothepeopleoftheEnglishspeakingworldintheirownlanguagewithanartistrythatisatoncetheirenvy,admirationanddespair.”,LinisbestknownforhistranslationofHumor.HispromotionofhumorousliteraturewonhimthetitleofMasterofHumor.,Translationworks,英译汉：1.国民革命外记原著者待查2.女子与知识罗素夫人原著3.易卜生评传及其情书布兰地司原著4.卖花女(剧本)萧伯纳原著5.励志文集马尔腾博士原著6.新的文评史宾冈、克罗斋、王尔德等原著,汉译英：1.SixChaptersofaFloatingLife,byShenFu,RenderedintoEnglishbyLinYutang浮生六记，清朝沈复原著2.Chuangtse,英译庄子3.TheImportanceofUnderstanding:TranslationsfromtheChinese中国古文小品选译（又称古文小品）晋朝陶潜等原著,4.NunofTaishanandotherTranslations英译老残游记第二集及其他选译5.TheChineseTheoryofArt:TranslationfromtheMasterofChineseArt中国画论，译自国画名家6.冥寥子游明朝屠隆原著,HecreatesalotoffamousnovelsinEnglish,includinghisfirstsuccessfulbookMyCountryandMyPeople(吾国与吾民),andMomentinPeking(京华烟云)forwhichhewasoncenominatedfortheNobelPrizeforLiterature.,PartsofhisworksareadaptedtranslationsfromChineseclassics,forexample,hisTheWisdomofLaotse(老子的智慧)istranslatedfromLaotsesTheBookofTao(道德经).,Apartfromthat,hetranslatedandintroducedagreatdealofChineseliteratureabroad,suchasSixChaptersofaFloatingLife(浮生六记)byShenFu(沈复)intheQingDynasty,makingenormouscontributionstodissimilatingChineseculture.,TranslationTheoryandpractice,HewrotetheessayOnTranslationandputforwardthenewcriteriaoftranslating“Faithfulness,Coherence,Beauty.”,林语堂在论翻译中提出的翻译观：“faithfulness”,“expressiveness”and“beauty1.忠实标准：林氏认为,忠实的程度大致可以分为四等:直译、死译、意译和胡译。2.通顺标准:以句义为先,字义为后。与此同时,林氏还提出句译理论,主张翻译只能以句为主体的句译,不能以字为主体的字译。3.美的标准:翻译还有美的方面须兼顾。理想的翻译家应当将其工作当做一种艺术。以爱艺术之心爱它,以对艺术谨慎不苟之心对它,使翻译成为美术之一种。,他又从另一角度将这三条说成是译者的三种责任:第一是译者对原著者的责任,第二是译者对中国读者的责任,第三是译者对艺术的责任。三样的责任心齐备,然后可以谓具有真正译家的资格。,InOnPoetryTranslation:advocatesthatintranslatingpoetry，itisacceptabletouserhymes，butgenerallyspeaking，itismoreadvisablenottouserhymes.Inhispoetrytranslation，therhythminherentinapoemdominatesoverrhymes.,浮生六记中林译与Shirley版本对比,例一：至乾隆庚子正月二十二日花烛之夕(沈复)Ourweddingtookplaceonthetwentysecondofthefirstmoonin1780(LinYutangl1)Fiveyearsweretopassbeforeourweddingcandlesburned,atdusk,onthetwentyseconddayofthefirstmonthoftheyearoftherat一1780(ShirleyMBlack),“花烛之夕”意为“举行婚礼”。“夕”虽然有“傍晚”之意，但在这个成语中只是一个笼统的时间概念，并非确切的某个时间。林语堂提出“译者对于原文有字字了解而无字字译出之责任。”因此，他对“花烛之夕”的翻译是“ourweddingtookplace”，而ShirleyMBlack将它译成“ourweddingcandlesburned，atdusk”虽然ShirleyMBlack将成语“花烛之夕”的每一个字都译了出来，但是译文很可能给目的语读者造成误解：读者看到“dusk”一词，不免联想到原来中国的婚礼总是在晚上举行的。林语堂没有对“花烛之夕”字字对译但是，他的译文为目的语读者传达了该成语的确切含义。,例二：正值太平盛世，且在衣冠之家(沈复)Thecountrywasthenintheheydayofpeaceand,moreoverwasborninascholarsfamily(LinYutang)MinewasafulldressfamilyoneofscholarsandgentlePeople(ShirleyMBlack),汉语中的“衣冠之家”是学者文人之家的意思，所以，林语堂的译文是“ascholarsfamily”；但是ShirleyMBlack将其翻译为“fulldressfamily，oneofscholarsandgentlepeople”她对“衣冠之家”的翻译又是字字对译，与林语堂的翻译比较而言，语言显得冗长。,Letsappreciateapoem,诗歌翻译中美的体现,声声慢寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他晓来风急?,SlowslowtuneSodim，Sodark，Sodense，Sodull，Sodamp，Sodank，SodeadTheweather，nowwarm，nowcold，Makesitharderthanevertoforget!HowcanthinwineandbreadServeasprotectionAgainstthepiercingwindofsunset!,葬花吟TaiyuPredictingHerOwnDeath花谢花飞飞满天,红消香断有谁怜?游丝软系飘春榭,落絮轻沾扑绣帘。Fly,fly,yefadedandbrokendreamsOffragrance,forthespringisgone!Beholdthegossamerentwinethescreens,Andwanderingcatkinskissthestone.,闺中女儿惜春暮,愁绪满怀无著处,手把花锄出绣帘,忍踏落花来复去？Herecomesthemaidenfromoutherchamberdoor,Whosesecretnooneshallshare.Shegathersthetroddenblossomslingeringly,Andsaystothemhervotiveprayer.,Thanks.,词的开篇落笔见奇，连出十四个叠字，一句三叠韵，六双声