国外安全文献综述与实践.doc

国外安全技术查询综述与实践目 录1.课题分析12.检索策略12.1选择检索工具12.2选择检索词12.3拟定检索式13.检索步骤以及检索结果与评价23.1学术期刊全文库23.1.1检索式23.1.2检索步骤与结果23.2 谷歌搜索引擎43.2.1检索式43.2.2检索步骤及检索结果53.3百度搜索引擎73.3.1检索式73.3.2检索步骤与结果74.检索效果评价84.1 检索词的选择84.1.1 从课题字面选择84.1.2 从课题内涵选择84.2 检索技术84.2.1 布尔检索84.2.2 限制检索94.3 数据库的选择95.文献综述95.1 绪论105.1.1研究背景105.1.2研究现状10 5.1.3研究目的及意义.105.2 石油化工企业储罐火灾爆炸分析115.2.1储罐区发生火灾原因115.3 危险有害因素辨识与分析145.3.1 危险、有害因素的辨识和分析145.3.2研究甲醛储罐区火灾爆炸的危险评价145.4罐区火灾爆炸事故定量分析155.4.1影响火灾爆炸的主要参数155.4.2 DOW火灾爆炸指数16 5.4.3 ICI蒙德评价法.16 5.4.4 两种指数评价方法的比较.17 5.4.5 火灾爆炸事故树分析.176.结论与展望17 6.1结论.18 6.2展望.19II1.课题分析安全文化的最先提出就是在前苏联的切尔诺贝利的核电站事故之后，1991年出版的(INSAG-4)报告即给出了安全文化的定义：安全文化是存在于单位和个人中的种种素质和态度的总和。文化是人类精神财富和物资财富的总称，安全文化和其他文化一样，是人类文明的产物。安全文化在企业中的应用即所谓的企业安全文化，企业安全文化是指企业为了安全生产所创造的文化，是安全价值观和安全行为准则的总和，是人们对安全所持的态度及对安全认识方法的总和。企业安全文化通过点滴小事的积累和文化要素的渗透，使员工在不知不觉中产生了一种自主约束倾向和潜在准则，当这种约束和准则普遍被大多数人所认同的时候，就标志着企业员工“安全第一”的安全生产意识已根深蒂固。良好的企业安全文化不仅会使企业的安全环境长期处于相对稳定状态，将造成安全事故、伤害事件的可能性降低到最低限度，更重要的是经过企业安全文化的建立，能使员工的思想素质、敬业精神、专业技能等方面得到不同程度地提高，同时也会带动与安全管理相适应的经营管理、科技创新、结构调整等中心工作的平衡发展，这对树立企业的品牌形象和增强企业的综合实力等都将大有裨益。2.检索策略2.1选择检索工具表1.1 检索工具表检索工具名称访问方式文件类型Elsevier Science(学术期刊全文库)/ 期刊论文谷歌搜索引擎网页百度搜索引擎/网页2.2选择检索词表1.2检索词从课题字面选从课题内涵选（同义词、近义词、上下位词）风险评价（risk evaluation）安全评价（safety evaluation）压力容器（ pressure vessel ）氧气罐(Oxygen tank)火灾爆炸（Fire and explosion）爆炸起火(Explosion fire)2.3拟定检索式由于使用不同的检索工具，其检索式一般是不同的，因此将拟定的检索式在“检索步骤以及检索结果”中给出。3.检索步骤以及检索结果与评价3.1学术期刊全文库3.1.1检索式A.Title=risk evaluation3.1.2检索步骤与结果打开学术期刊全文库搜索栏在其中中输入“risk evaluation”,文件类型选择“期刊”单选按钮，年份选择2005年，搜索得到6872个搜索结果，其中有：1 Influence of structural parameters on the tendency of VVER-1000 reactor pressure vessel steel to temper embrittlement【篇名】Influence of structural parameters on the tendency of VVER-1000 reactor pressure vessel steel to temper embrittlement【作者】B. Gurovich, E. Kuleshova O. Zabusov, S. Fedotova, A. Frolov, M. Saltykov, D. Maltsev【摘要】In this paper the influence of structural parameters on the tendency of steels to reversible temper embrittlement was studied for assessment of performance properties of reactor pressure vessel steels with extended service life. It is shown that the growth of prior austenite grain size leads to an increase of the critical embrittlement temperature in the initial state. An embrittlement heat treatment at the temperature of maximum manifestation of temper embrittlement (480) shifts critical embrittlement temperature to higher values due to the increase of the phosphorus concentration on grain boundaries. There is a correlation between phosphorus concentration on boundaries of primary austenite grains and the share of brittle intergranular fracture (that, in turn, depends on impact test temperature) in the fracture surfaces of the tested Charpy specimens.【出处】2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved9【原文】此数据库提供了全文2 Experimental and computed stress distribution ahead of a notch in a pressure vessel: Application of T-stress conception【篇名】Experimental and computed stress distribution ahead of a notch in a pressure vessel: Application of T-stress conception【作者】H. Moustabchir a, Z. Azari b,S. Hariri c, I. Dmytrakh d【摘要】The work presents the experimental and numerical study of stressstrain distribution near longitudinal and circumferential external defects of semi-elliptical shape in pressurised steels pressure vessel, which have proved that proposed numerical analysis is reliable for assessments of the T-stress and parameter of biaxiality b, parameter to characterise stress state with the aim to forecast the potential path of defects propagation. For considered cases it has been shown that the fracture process is expected as potentially stable, i.e. it will be propagated in the plane of the initial longitudinal or circumferential defect. It was also shown that the stress conditions for stable propagation is earlier achieved for circumferential defect than for longitudinal. 【出处】2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10【原文】此数据库提供了原文3 Embrittlement evaluation and lifetime assessment of hydrocracking pressure vessel made of 3Cr1Mo low-alloy steel【篇名】Embrittlement evaluation and lifetime assessment of hydrocracking pressure vessel made of 3Cr1Mo low-alloy steel【作者】S.A. Jenabali Jahromi *, M. Najmi【摘要】The CrMo steels which are widely used for pressure vessels in refineries and petrochemical plants, have a potential for hydrogen and temper embrittlement. During long-time service the embrittlement leads to decrease of the critical flaw size of brittle fracture and/or to the reduction of the remaining life of a pressure vessel. In this investigation the effect of high temperature and high pressure hydrogen on a vessel, made of 3Cr1Mo low-alloy steel is studied. Inspections show that the only detected crack in the base metal is originally formed by welding defects and calculations show that it will not grow up.Therefore, it is predicted that the operation of the pressure vessel in normal condition and under regular supervision can be continued.11【原文】此数据库提供了原文4 Reactor pressure vessel integrity assessment by probabilistic fracture mechanics e A plant specific analysis【篇名】Reactor pressure vessel integrity assessment by probabilistic fracture mechanics e A plant specific analysis 【作者】Faridah Ismaila*, Rahmatul Hidayah Saliminb & Razidah Ismailc【摘要】The probabilistic fracture mechanics method is widely adopted in nuclear power plant industry, especially for the structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessels. In this work, the plant specific analyses of Taiwans boiling water reactors, BWR/4 and BWR/6, under the design transients were performed by the FAVOR (Fracture Analysis of Vessel e Oak Ridge) code. The difference of reactor pressure vessel geometry, alloying elements, neutron fluence, and loading conditions were taken into account in the probabilistic fracture mechanics analyses. The failure probabilities of the axial welds at 64 effective full-power year (EFPY) for the analyzed BWR/4 and BWR/6 are less than 2.81010/year and 1.5104/ year, respectively. Furthermore, the circumferential welds present much smaller failure probabilities. The results of this work are useful for the subsequent aging management of the operating reactor pressure vessels.12【原文】此数据库提供了原文5 A Chinese structural integrity assessment procedure for pressure vessels containing defects【篇名】A Chinese structural integrity assessment procedure for pressure vessels containing defects【作者】Ahong He, Surui Xu, Gui Fu【摘要】A Chinese structural integrity assessment procedure, Safety Assessment of In-service Pressure Vessels Containing Defects (SAPV-95), is introduced in this paper. This procedure provides a guide to the safety assessment of in-service pressure vessels containing defects. Failure modes considered in this procedure are fracture, plastic collapse and fatigue. The R6 failure assessment diagram methodology is adopted by this procedure for fracture and plastic collapse assessment. For fatigue assessment, a method similar to the BSI PD6493-91 procedure is used. This paper outlines the framework of the procedure and addresses some differences between SAPV-95 and British procedures. This procedure is expected to become a document of the National Standard of China soon.13【出处】ISSSE-2012【原文】此数据库提供了原文6 Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping,an addendum: a bibliography (1998-2001)【篇名】Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping,an addendum: a bibliography (1998-2001)【作者】Guirong Shi*, Inoue Shiichiro【摘要】The paper gives a bibliographical review of finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/ components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. This bibliography is an addendum to the Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping a bibliography (1976-1996) published Int J Press Vess Piping 69 (1996) 279 and Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping. An addendum (1996-1998) published Int J Press Vess Piping 76 (1999) 461 The new bibliography at the end of the paper contains approximately 670 references to papers and conference proceedings on the subject that were published in 1998-2001 .These are classified in thc following categories : linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deflection analyses; stability problems; thermal problems: fracture mechanics problems: contact problcms; fluid-structure interaction problems;manufacturing of pipes and tubes ; welded pipes and pressure vessel components ; development of special finite elements for pressure vessels and pipes; finite element software; and other topics. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved14【出处】ISSSE-2012【原文】此数据库提供了原文7 PREDICTING OUTFLOW FROM HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS【篇名】PREDICTING OUTFLOW FROM HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS【作者】Shurong Zheng JingChen 【摘要】The prediction of outflow from high pressure vessels or pipework following an accidental failure is required in the safety assessment of industrial plan used to process or store flammable material. In particular,predictions of the mass flow rates of accidental leaks provide source conditions for mathematical models of gas dispersion or accumulation and fires.In this paper, the modelling of outflow from high pressure vessels in the context of the development of a safety assessment package is addressed. For any consequence model implemented as part of a safety assessment package, the issues of model robustness and efficiency as well as accuracy must be considered. The outflow model described in this paper is demonstrated to predict the mass flow rate for releases into the atmosphere from high pressure vessels accurately in a fast and robust manner. The mathematical formulation of the model, the numerical methods used to implement the model and its validation are discussed.15【出处】Systems Engineering Procedia 4【原文】此数据库提供了原文部分内容3.2 谷歌搜索引擎3.2.1检索式B.KeyWords=pressure vessel3.2.2检索步骤及检索结果进入网站，进行advanced search,输入pressure vessel,年份设置2005年至2015年进行搜索。1 Performance-based analysis of cylindrical steel containment Vessels exposed to fire【篇名】Performance-based analysis of cylindrical steel containment Vessels exposed to fire【作者】A.I.Glendon , N.A.Stanton【摘要】This paper reports the results of a numerical investigation on the structural safety assessment of a nuclear cylindrical steel containment vessel exposed to an accidental external fire condition. A coupling procedure is proposed, linking the modeling of a nearly compressible flow with input energy given by a combustion model (CFD model) and a structural thermo-mechanical analysis (FEM model), allowing an accurate evaluation of a fluid-thermo-mechanical response for the entire duration of the simulated accident. The time-temperature evolution of the burned gases, resulting from the combustion of a hydraulic leakage pool, is performed by the CFD model. The FEM model is used to obtain (i) temperature variation and, (ii) thermo-mechanical behavior and ultimate strength of the vessel. The obtained results indicate that the suggested methodology can provide reliable fire-safety analyses, ensuring that the main safety (load-bearing and containment) functions of the installation are not impaired during accidental events.16【出处】Safety Science34(2000)【原文】 该数据库提供了全文2Risk identification and control of stationary high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels【篇名】Risk identification and control of stationary high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels【作者】C.M. Tam a,*, S.X. Zeng a,b, Z.M. Deng a【摘要】The number of hydrogen fueling stations is steadily growing as the number of hydrogen fueled vehicles increases. Stationary high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels are key equipment in hydrogen fueling station. The safety of these vessels should be first considered during the design of hydrogen infrastructure because the vessel failure will cause huge damage and losses. This paper analyzes the potential hazards in these vessels. Based on the risk identification, it is proposed that risks can be mitigated and controlled by taking various measures, such as optimizing vessel structure, correct selection of materials, mitigation of ignition sources, on-line safety monitoring, safe operation and management. Furthermore, it was shown that multi-layered stationary hydrogen storage vessels, which were recently developed in the Peoples Republic of China, are safe in operation.17【出处】Safety Science 42【原文】 该数据库提供了全文3 ntegrity and embrittlement management of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) in light-water reactors 【篇名】ntegrity and embrittlement management of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) in light-water reactors【作者】LI Zhixin; XU Jingzhen; ZHANG Lihua【摘要】Validation of the current and continued integrity approaches for the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) has been shown through the many years of safe operation of light-water reactor vessels. There have not been any vessel failures, and this fact is primarily due to proper embrittlement management programs and structural integrity assessment methods. Additionally, there have been several large-scale experiments performed to further validate the integrity of RPVs. This chapter is focused on the embrittlement and integrity management approaches used in different countries that are operating nuclear power plants.18【出处】 ISSN 1712-8358【原文】该数据库提供了全文4 Probabilistic fracture mechanics risk analysis of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity【篇名】Probabilistic fracture mechanics risk analysis of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity【作者】Carl Rollenhagen, Bjrn Wahlstrm【摘要】This chapter discusses the application of probabilistic fracture mechanics to develop risk-based criteria that can be used to ensure that adequate margins against reactor pressure vessel (RPV) failure are maintained. Recently, risk related criteria have been used in the USA to assess RPV integrity. Two applications based on the risk criteria defined in the USA are discussed in this chapter, including licensing criteria for maintaining adequate margin against vessel failure during postulated pressurized overcooling events and ASME code guidelines for maintaining adequate margin against vessel failure during normal reactor start-up and shut-down.19【出处】the Joint 8th Annual IEEE Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants【原文】该数据库提供了全文5 Propagation of ethyleneair flames in closed cylindrical vessels with asymmetrical ignition【篇名】Propagation of ethyleneair flames in closed cylindrical vessels with asymmetrical ignition【作者】Anna Mengolini *, Luigi Debarberis【摘要】A study of explosions in several elongated cylindrical vessels with length to diameter L/D = 2.420.7 and ignition at vessels bottom is reported. Ethyleneair mixtures with variable concentration between 3.0 and 10.0 % and pressures between 0.30 and 1.80 bara were experimentally investigated at ambient initial temperature. For the whole range of ethylene concentration, several characteristic stages of flame propagation were observed. The height and rate of pressure rise in these stages were found to depend on ethylene concentration, on volume and asymmetry ratio of each vessel. High rates of pressure rise werefound in the early stage; in later stages lower rates of pressure rise were observed due to the increase of heat losses. The peak explosion pressures and the maximum rates of pressure rise differ strongly from those measured in centrally ignited explosions, in all examined vessels. In elongated vessels, smooth p(t) records have been obtained for the explosions of lean C2H4air mixtures. In stoichiometric and rich mixtures, pressure oscillations appear even at initial pressures below ambient, resulting in significant overpressures as compared to compact vessels. In the stoichiometric mixture, the frequency of the oscillations was close to the fundamental characteristic frequency of the tube20【出处】Safety Science50【原文】该数据库提供了全文3.3百度搜索引擎3.3.1检索式通过对关键词“risk evaluation， pressure vessel，Fire and explosion”等查询检索，对文章摘要、关键词进行先期筛选。3.3.2检索步骤与结果在百度搜索栏中输入上述关键词，选取结果如下：1 Safety approach for composite pressure vessels for road transport of hydrogen.Part 1: Acceptable probability of failure and hydrogen mass【篇名】Safety approach for composite pressure vessels for road transport of hydrogen.Part 1: Acceptable probability of failure and hydrogen mass【作者】Jiang Wei ;Li Zhen-tao; Fu Gui ;Miao Yong-chun; Chen Li hao【摘要】Hydrogen is a promising alternative for current energy carriers. Compressed gas cylinders are the storage systems closest to the commercialization of hydrogen in vehicles. The safety factors in current standards are seen as restrictive for further growth and competitiveness of hydrogen infrastructure. A probabilistic approach can be employed in order to give a rational background to the safety factors. However, an acceptable probability of failure needs to be estimated before calculating the safety factors. The discussion of determining the acceptable probability must include the mass of hydrogen since this determines the consequences of an accident. It is concluded tha