定语从句基础讲解.ppt

名词n.代词pron.动词v.形容词adj.副词adv.,单词分类（词性）,句子成分（构成句子的各个部分）,主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语、补足语,TheAttributiveClause,定语从句,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,1.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.2.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.3.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.4.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.,5.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.6.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.7.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.,HewhodoesntreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.ThisnotewasleftbyJohn,whowashereamomentago.定义：修饰_的句子叫定语从句。位置：放在被修饰的名词/代词的_其中的名词或代词叫_其中who叫做_分类：_和_.,名词或代词,后面,先行词,关系词,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,标志：有没有逗号,关系词,关系代词：,关系副词:,who/whom(人）which（物）that/whose（人/物）,where/when/why,who/which/where/when/why不是疑问词,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,themachine,amachine,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:TheladyisLucy.Wesawheryesterday.,her,Thelady,wesawyesterdayisLucy,Who/that,关系代词常有3个作用：,1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。,Accordingtothepictures,finishthesentences.,Theman_isLiuxiang.,whoranfastest,Liuxiangistheman_.,whoranfastest,ranfastest,Liuxiangistheman_.,whomwetalkedaboutjustnow,We,talkabout,Justnow,we,arefondof,JayChouisastar_.,whomwearefondof,astar,whom,周杰伦,Shaheno.1middleshoolisaschool_.,whichdevelopsfast,aschool,developfast,apple,green,Theapple_isyours.,hers,yours,whichisgreen,red,watch,LegendofZhenHuanisaTVseries_.,whichpeoplelovetowatch,TVseries,pepoleloveto,甄嬛传,RoseandJackarethelovers_metontheship.,thelovers/metontheship,who,/that,Rose,Jack,_,that,theship/sankafterhittinganiceberg,Titanic:,Titanicistheship_sankafterhittinganiceberg.,which/that,Ansmallisland,liestothenortheasternofTaiwai,Thesmallisland_belongstoChina,which/thatliestothe,northeasternofTaiwai,Whichhouseismine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,Thehouseismine.,whoseroofisbrown,Whose=houses相当于所有格形式,whose=of+关系代词Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,=Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.=Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.,WhichbabyisJack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,whosetrousersarered,Jack,whose+n=the+n+of+which/whom=of+which/whom+the+n,Thebaby,isJack.,thetrousersofwhomarered,ofwhomthetrousersarered,第二部分,带定语从句的谚语：1.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助之。2.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.HewhodoesntreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。,summary,定语从句关系代词：,whom,who,which,that,whose,Whencantheybeleftout？,asobject,Exercise1.Herearemyneighbors_homewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_wereasleep.3.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildings_hadbeendamagedwererepaired,who/that,whose,which/that,4.Thisfrightenedboy_motherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.5.Thereisatable_legswerebrokenintheearthquake.7.“Isthistheyoungman_savedpeopletrappedunderbuildings?”sheasked.8.Anumberofchildren_parentshaddiedinthequakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.,whose,whose,who/that,whose,一、that和which用法的区别,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。,Iamsureshehassomething_youcanborrow.,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。,Ivereadallthebooks_youlendme.,1、只能用that不用which的情况,(that),(that),(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,Thisisthefirstbook_hehasread.,(that),Itisthemostbeautifulcity_Iveeverseen.,(that),(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,Thisistheverybook_belongstohim.,that,(6)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Whoisthegirl_drovethecar?,(5)先行词既有人又有物时。,Thefamouswriterandhisworks_theradiobroadcastarepopularwiththestudents.,(that),that,二、只用who的情况,One_hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Theones_laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.Anyone_failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.Those_wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere.,who,who,who,who,先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用who.,(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。Therearemanytrees_theycanhavearest.Thisisthering_shespent1000dollars.,2、只用which不用that的情况,(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.,underwhich,onwhich,which,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,把that,which或who填入下列空白处,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,把that,which,whose,whomorwho填入空格,9.Isthereanythingelse_youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,三、“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.,onwhich,duringwhich,inwhich,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?,forwhich,onwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,2.“介词whom/which”与“whom/which/that/介词”的转换。1.Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood.Thechair(which/that)sheissittingonismadeofwood.2.Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor?注意：介词for不能与look分开。判断：下句对吗？Isthisthebookatwhichyouarelooking?,Theman_youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.Theroom_myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.,withwhom,inwhich,Didyoufindthepen_Iwrotejustnow?Didyoufindthepaper_Iwrotemyletter?,withwhich,onwhich,Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.,throughwhich,有些短语中介词不能提前Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,含有介词的短语动词有些不能拆开，若拆开就失去意义了，如lookafter,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardto等,3.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)Impaintingahouse,theroof_isround.,Impaintingahouse_isround.,2)Theyliveinahouse,_windowsfacesouth.,Theyliveinahouse,thewindows_facesouth.,ofwhich,whose,ofwhich,whoseroof,用介词关系代词填空1.Hestheman_Ilearntthenews.2.Whostheperso