大学英语四级翻译.ppt

大学英语四级翻译,主讲人：张荣,（1）句型以及其倒装使用,2008年6月翻译真题第91题：_（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.,2008年6月翻译真题第91题：_（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.(Key：Notuntilheaccomplished/finishedthemission),例：Notonly_(他向我收费过高)buthedidntdoagoodrepair.,Notonlydidhechargemetoomuch(他向我收费过高)buthedidntdoagoodrepair.,Notonly.butalsoSo(Such)that.Notuntil.Neither.nor.Hardly/barely/scarcely.when.Nosoonerthan.Onlyby/through/in.,.,87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation，_（也没有解释为什么）。,87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation，_（也没有解释为什么）。nordidtheymakeanyexplanation/nordidtheygivethereasonfordoingso,（2）从句,a.定语从句,2008年12月翻译真题第87题：Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems_(他们至今还没有答案),2008年12月翻译真题第87题：Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems_(他们至今还没有答案)（Key:which/thattheyhaventfoundanswersto）,b.状语从句,真题中出现过如if条件状语从句（2007年6月第91题），nomatter引导的让步状语从句（2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题）,89.Leavingonesjob，_，（不管是什么工作），isadifficultchangeevenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.,89.Leavingonesjob，_，（不管是什么工作），isadifficultchangeevenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.89.whateverjobitis/nomatterwhatjobitis,主语从句,90._（很多人所没有意识到的）isthatSimonisaloverofsports，andfootballinparticular。,90._（很多人所没有意识到的）isthatSimonisaloverofsports，andfootballinparticular。答案：whatmanypeopledontrealize/whatahostoffolksdontrealize,2.1主语从句,（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,Whatweneedaregooddoctors.,（1）Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.（2）Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.（3）Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.（4）Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.（5）Whateveryoudidisright.（6）Whatweneedistime.,（1）Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.（2）Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.,Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.,Itturnedoutthat；Ithasbeenprovedthat;Ithappened/occurredthat；Itiswell-knownthat等等,2.2宾语从句,(1)宾语从句(通常是由that引导的宾语从句)常置于句末并用it作形式宾语。例如：WethinkitimportantthatMaryshouldtellthetruth.,that从句作介词宾语只用于exceptthat和inthat结构。例如：Hisreportiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailsareomitted.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustocorrectourmistakes.,Tellmehowyouwenttoschool.Johnwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice,buthewenttothestationyesterday.Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Thebossaskedmewhether/ifshewasqualifiedforthetask.,2.3同位语从句,Wecantsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight.,2.4定语从句,(1)Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(2)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（3）ThemanwhomyouspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher,why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/ich(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配),ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub？Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub？,2.5状语从句,1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句,2.5.1时间状语从句,常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhenNosoonerhadIarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.,常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhere,常用引导词：because,since,as,for特殊引导词：seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat.,目的状语从句常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat,结果状语从句常用引导词：sothat,suchthat,特殊引导词：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,条件状语从句常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat,让步状语从句常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，nomatter，inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Icantagreetohisproposal.,比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：themorethemore;justas，so;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;nomorethan;notAsomuchasB,方式状语从句常用引导词：as,asif,how特殊引导词：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.,2.6表语从句,名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，例如：Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.,（3）虚拟语气,虚拟语气,89.Theprofessorrequiredthat(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.,89.Theprofessorrequiredthat(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.89.we(should)handinourresearchreport,87.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou_（按照我的指令去做）。,87.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou_（按照我的指令去做）。87.hadfollowedmyinstructions。,88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier，Mary_（就不会被大雨淋了）答案：wouldnthavebeencaughtbytheheavyrain,88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthat_（能被分配做另一项工作）,88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthat_（能被分配做另一项工作）解析：shecouldbeassigned（to）anotherjob,1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式,三种不同的形式。(1)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.,(2)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.,(3)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.IfIhadgotthereearlier,IwouldhavemetMr.Li.,(3)当虚拟语气的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可省略，而将were,should,had等词置于句首。如：1.Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.2.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.3.Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.,forfearthat,incase,lest,should+动词原形。Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein.Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.,asif,asthough状语从句,Theybegantotalkwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong.Hecoughedtwiceasifsomeoneshouldcome.,三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1英语中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。,wish,IwishIlearntEnglishwell.我希望我已学好了英语。IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek.我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。Hewisheswecouldgoandplaygameswithhim.他希望我们能去跟他做游戏,wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner,Idratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.Idratheryouwereherenow.Wedratheryouwentheretomorrow.,主语从句,(1)Itisadmirable/dreadful/extraordinary/odd/remarkable/sad/advisable/annoying/disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/better/best/curious/desirable/important/strange/peculiar/proper/necessary/naturalthat(2)Itisapity/ashame/nowonder.that(3)Itissuggested/requested/desired/proposed/.that(4)Itworriesmethat,Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldaskourteacherforhelp.,ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.,比较级,90.Themoreyouexplain,(我愈糊涂).90.themoreconfusedIam,90.Onaverage，itissaid，visitorsspendonly_（一半的钱）inadayinLeedsasinLondon.90.halfasmuch（money）,88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）88.nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading或tome，nothingismoreimportantthanreading,1.由“as+形容词+as”或“as+形容词+名词+as”构成。Mygrandpaisasenergeticasayoungman.2.由“notso(as)+形容词+as”或“notso(as)+形容词+名词+as”构成。Luckilytheweatherwasnotsowetasitistoday.,由“many/muchmore+可数/不可数名词+than”MyfriendearnedmuchmoremoneythanIdidlastyear.,1.表示“越来越”的意思:“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless+原级”结构，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get,become等。Shefeltherselfbecomingmoreandmorenervous.Asthewinterisdrawingnear,itsgettingcolderandcolder.,2.表示两者之间更the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词。Janeisthetallerofthetwochildreninourfamily.3.表示“越，越”:“the+比较级，the+比较级”，Themoremagazinesyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.,4.“否定+比较级”相当于最高级。Waituntilwegetasatisfactoryreply,willyou?Icouldntagreemore.Theideasoundsgreattome.,倍数表示法：timesas+形容词原级+as；times+形容词比较级+than；timesthe+性质名词+of。Thedininghallisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.Thedininghallisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.Thedininghallisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.,比较级前面可以用even,still,yet,any,much,alittle,alot,byfar等修饰语用以加强或表示比较程度。Totellyouthetruth,myboyfriendismucholderthanme.,（3）非谓语动词,a.分词做伴随状语,2008年6月第90题：_(与我成长的地方相比)thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.(key:ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup)注意，答案中除过去分词（comparedwith）做伴随外，还含有where引导的定语从句。,b.动词不定式做目的状语,2006年6月第88题_(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.(Key:tosupportmyuniversitystudies),Vt.+V-ing（习惯上取动名词为直接宾语）（如例A、B）admit（承认），advise（劝告），avoid（避免），consider（考虑），escape（脱逃），finish（做完），keep（on）（持续），practice（练习），quit（停止），resist（抵抗），risk（冒险），stand（忍受否定句），stop（停止），understand（了解），etc.,Vt.+V-ing/toV（动名词或不定式皆可，表达的意思大致相同。）（如例C）begin（开始），cease（停止），continue（继续），fear（恐惧），start（开始），etc,Vt.+V-ing/toV（可取动名词，也可取不定式，但表达的意思不相同或用法不相同。）（如例D）dislike（不喜欢），forget（忘却），hate（讨厌；恨），like（喜欢），love（爱；喜欢），need（需要），remember（记得），try（尝试），want（需要），etc,情态动词,90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）,90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）90.mightfeellonelywhentheyarefarfromhome/arenotintheirhometown/traveling.,88.Icantbootmycomputernow.Something_（一定出了毛病）withitsoperationsystem.,88.Icantbootmycomputernow.Something_（一定出了毛病）withitsoperationsystem.88.mustbewrong,87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch_。（能应用于新技术的开发）,87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch_。（能应用于新技术的开发）87.canbeappliedtothedevelopmentofthenewtechnology.,1对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。1Shemust/may/might/couldarrivebefore5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。,2对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。1Hemust/may/might/couldbelisteningtotheradionow.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。2Hecant(couldnt)/may(might)notbeathomeatthistime.这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。,3对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。,1Itmust/may/might/couldhaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。2Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan(could)