2012英语专业四级考前写作辅导.ppt

英语专业四级考前辅导1TEM4-Writing,1.考试大纲、测试要求SectionA:Composition200字35分钟15%SectionB:Notes50字10分钟10%,2.评分原则GlobalScoring总体评分法1.作文体现主题思想50%2.组织结构合理10%3.无重大语法错误20%4.语言充实得体20%5.卷面整洁,3.写作专项训练SectionA:Composition200字35分钟15%,历年作文类型,大作文类型,1.对比选择型6YesorNo/AorB2.给定观点4（对于给定的观点予以论证）Theimportance/benefitsofsth.dogoodtosth.3.问题分析解决型1Thewaytosolve/Thebestwaytodo4.自由发挥型1Myideaof/Myviewon,OUTLINE,1.对比选择型开头引入：正反表态法主旨句中间段结尾,2.给定观点开头引入：背景法中间段结尾,3.问题分析解决型开头中间段结尾,1.对比选择型,1）定义：对于给定的两个对立观点中选择一个，或者是否同意题目所给问题2011ShouldPrivateCarOwnersbeTaxedforPollution?2010ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?2009WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment?2007IsItWisetoMakeFriendsOnline?2006SavingMoneyorUsingTomorrowsMoney2004WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?,2）写作步骤第一段：引言句开头，引出要评论的事物，并表明自己态度第二段：分论点，加以理由支撑说明第三段：总结观点,Outline,Introduction:23Background+ThesisstatementBody:8SupportingIdea1+Examples/ExplanationSupportingIdea2+Examples/Explanation(SupportingIdea3+Examples/Explanation)Conclusion:12,Essay,TEM-42004WillPhonesKillLetterWriting,Introduction,Nowweliveinaneraoverwhelmedbyvarieshigh-techcommunicationdevicesandservicesprovidedbytelecomoperators.Manydoubtthatthefrequentusageofphoneswillprobablykillonesletterwritingskillespeciallytheyounggeneration,whoregardedphonesasindispensablepartoftheirlives.Frommypart,Idontbelievethatletterswillultimatelygivewaytophonecalls.,Body-SupportingIdea1,Foronething,letterwritinghasitsadvantages,whichcannotbereplacedbyphonecalls.Wellorganizedandproperlychosenofwords,lettersareabletofullyconveythewritersfeelings,ideasandthoughts.Whatsmore,thejoyofreceivinglettersfromonesclosestfriends,belovedandparents,openingthesealedstampedenvelope,holdingsheetsofpaperfilledwithwords,andlookingattheuniquehandwritingwhichbelongstoacertainpersonisquitedifferentfromreceivingphonecalls.,Body-SupportingIdea2,Foranother,letterwritingisoneoftherequiredskillstoaqualifiedcareerperson.Taketheformalbusinessletterwritingskillasanexample,oneneedtoknowtheformat,righttermsandphrases,andtheculturebackgroundofwhomheorsheiswritingto.Phonecallscannothandleeveryaspectofbusinessbetweencompanies.Besides,e-mail,thenewformoftheoriginalletter,isasefficientasphonecallsandmoredetailedatthesametime.,Conclusion,Thus,itssafetodrawaconclusionthatitisimpossibleforphonestokillletterwriting.Theyhave,infact,coexistedwellwitheachother.,HowtowriteIntroduction,Introduction,Nowweliveinaneraoverwhelmedbyvarieshigh-techcommunicationdevicesandservicesprovidedbytelecomoperators.Manydoubtthatthefrequentusageofphoneswillprobablykillonesletterwritingskillespeciallytheyounggeneration,whoregardedphonesasindispensablepartoftheirlives.Frommypart,Idontbelievethatletterswillultimatelygivewaytophonecalls.,Introduction,1.正反表态法Currently,wearelivinginasocietyoverwhelmedby_.Thus,anumberofpeoplearguethat_.Frommyperspective,_.引出话题大众观点我的观点（主旨句）,引出话题,如今被人们广泛讨论。Recently,/Currently,/Nowadays,/Presently,Thereisageneraldebateon.hasbeenbroughtintofocus.hasarousedmuchpublicconcerninChina.Ithaslongbeenacontentious有争议的issueasto.,Exercise,如今，人们普遍讨论是否应该网上交友。Recently,thereisaheateddebateonwhethertomakefriendsontheInternet.对于大学生或高中生打工这一现象，校园里存在很大争议。Atpresent,_onthecampusoverthephenomenon_.Atpresent,thereisaheatedlydiscussedcontentiononthecampusoverthephenomenonofcollegeorhighschoolstudentsdoingapart-timejob.,大众观点,有些人认为，有些则认为。很多人这么认为。Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Someregardas.othersbelievethatWhenaskedabout,themajorityofpeoplebelievethat.,我们应该存钱还是花明天的钱？人们观点各不相同。一些人认为存钱是个好习惯，一些人觉得花明天的钱能够提高生活质量。Shouldwesavemoneyorspendtomorrowsmoney?_.Someregard_as_,whileothersmaintainthat_.Shouldwesavemoneyorspendtomorrowsmoney?Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Someregardsavingmoneyasagoodhabit,whileothersmaintainthatspendingtomorrowsmoneycanimproveourlivingquality.,主旨句,我认为Inmyopinion,Frommyperspective,Frommypointofview,Asformyself,Formypart,AsfarasIamconcerned,Lessismore.Omitting“Ithink”willbemorepowerful,Introduction,1.正反表态法引出话题大众观点我的观点（主旨句）,Exercise,Isthedegreethemostimportantthingatuniversity?引出话题大众观点我的观点如今，人们都认为学位是学生学术成就重要的衡量标准。有些人认为这是唯一衡量标准。事实确实如此，但是学位不是上大学的唯一目的。,Inoursociety,itiswidelyacceptedthatthemostcommonlyrecognizedstandardofastudentsacademicachievementisthedegree.Consequently,somepeopleregardthedegreeastheonlythingvaluablewhilestudyingincollege.Admittedly,thedegreeisessentialforstudentswhowantaprosperousfuture,butitisbynomeanstheonlypurposeatuniversity.,Body,1.举例论证2.因果论证3.比较对比,Body-SupportingIdea1,Foronething,letterwritinghasitsadvantages,whichcannotbereplacedbyphonecalls.Wellorganizedandproperlychosenofwords,lettersareabletofullyconveythewritersfeelings,ideasandthoughts.Whatsmore,thejoyofreceivinglettersfromonesclosestfriends,belovedandparents,openingthesealedstampedenvelope,holdingsheetsofpaperfilledwithwords,andlookingattheuniquehandwritingwhichbelongstoacertainpersonisquitedifferentfromreceivingphonecalls.,Body-SupportingIdea2,Foranother,letterwritingisoneoftherequiredskillstoaqualifiedcareerperson.Taketheformalbusinessletterwritingskillasanexample,oneneedtoknowtheformat,righttermsandphrases,andtheculturebackgroundofwhomheorsheiswritingto.Phonecallscannothandleeveryaspectofbusinessbetweencompanies.Besides,e-mail,thenewformoftheoriginalletter,isasefficientasphonecallsandmoredetailedatthesametime.,Connectives,Illustration:Addition:Restatement:Consequence:Contrast:Time:,Connectives-Coherence,Illustration:forexample,forinstanceAddition:besides,also,moreover,inaddition,additionally,furthermore,apartfromRestatement:inotherwords,toputitanotherwayConsequence:asaresult,consequently,therefore,hence,thusContrast:however,but,nevertheless,onthecontraryTime:then,afterwards,next,推理分析句型,Anumberofstatistics/factorscouldaccountforAllevidencelendssupporttotheviewthatCloseanalysisindicatesthatPeopletendtoclingtotheillusionthat,牛顿的事例很好的证明了成功绝不会自己降临。ThepopularstoryofhowNewtonwashitbyafallingapplecanwellillustratethisviewthatsuccesswillnevercomeonitsown.,Conclusion,Howtoconcludeyourcomposition?,Conclusion,Thus,itssafetodrawaconclusionthatitisimpossibleforphonestokillletterwriting.Theyhave,infact,coexistedwellwitheachother.,1.总结式Takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wemaydrawtheconclusionthatkeepingagoodmoodbringsyounotonlyfriendship,buthealthaswell.,2.重申式Asforme,choosingausefulmajoriswiser,asfarasthefuturejob-huntingisconcerned.,3.引申式Fromtheabovediscussion,Iholdtheviewthatcollegestudentsshouldbecarefulwhentheydecidewhethertheyshouldhaveacompanyornot.Theyshouldremembertheyarestudents,andtheirstudyinuniversityistheessentialpreparationfortheirsuccessinsocietyaftergraduation.,ConnectivesforConclusion,InsummaryInshortInbriefInconclusionOnthewholeThus,itcanbeconcludedthatAftercloseexamination,itisnotdifficulttodrawtheconclusionthat,Exercise,考虑了所有这些因素，我们可以得到结论Takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wemayreachtheconclusionthat,2.给定观点,定义：给定观点型就是指，对某一个事物、事件或问题的重要性、必要性和正确性、优越性或危害性以及错误性进行的阐述和论证。也就是通过摆事实、讲道理的方式，来说服读者信服某个观点。2008TheBenefitsforVolunteering2003TheImportanceofKeepingaGoodMood2001TravelBroadenstheMind2000TheImportanceofExtracurricularActivities,写作步骤：第一步：提出论点。针对命题，对命题所涉及的问题或现状进行阐述，然后，提出自己的论点。第二步：论证论点。通过举例、使用事实、数据等方式来论证提出的论点是正确的。第三步：提出建议或方法。在论证的基础上，重申自己的观点，提出自己的建议或方法来解决问题。,OutlineIntroduction:Importance/BenefitsBodyImporatnce1Importance2Importance3Conclusion,TheProblemofRuralWorkers,Introduction,Everyday,millionsofworkersfromthecountrysideareseentoflow,byeverymeansoftransportation,intobigcities.Thentheywillsettledownandworkforyearsthere.Althoughtheyhavemadenoticeablecontributionstotheurbanexpansion,theproblemstheybringaboutarenottobeignored.,Body,Whatarousesaseriesofcomplaintsonthepartofcityresidentsiscenteredroundthefollowingproblems.Violentcompetitionstandsoutforjobopportunity.Strugglingforthealready-scarcepositions,thousandsofthemigrantsputgreatpressureonthegovernmentaswellasoncitydwellers.Besides,theyarealsoresponsiblefortheincreaseincrimerates.Asidefromthosewhoarehardworking,somearetemptedtostealandrobbecauseofoverpopulationagainstinsufficientjobopenings.Whatsmore,theproblemofsanitationisworthmentioning.Sincetheymoveintocitieswithoutanyphysicalexaminations,thespreadofsomeinfectiousdiseasesislikelytooccur.,Conclusion,Tomakethepowerfulforceofmigrantsexertitsparttothefull,citygovernmentsmustpassalawthatwillgetruralworkersregisteredwithaspecialorganization,helpingthemobtainajobandinstructingtheirlife.Andsomemedicalteamsneedtobesentaroundtomakesurethateveryworkerisingoodconditionandcaredforbyourgovernments.,给定观点型模板,Inrecentyearstherehasbeenabiggrowthintheareaof_.提出自己的论点:_ispopularthatithasbecomeanindispensablepartinourlife.提供论据,证明自己的观点:_contributebothto_andto_.Besides,_offers_.Andmostimportantly,_helptopromote_.结论:_playsavitalroleinpeopleslife,anditdeservesfurtherattentionfrom(thegovernment/authorities).,Practice：1.Theproblemofchildrensaddictivecomputergames2.Thedecliningrateofcollegestudentsemployment,3.问题分析解决型,1定义：问题分析型作文就是，命题内容是关于社会现象或社会问题的，要求作者分析该问题产生的原因或造成的后果，这类作文属于说明文体。作文通常要求考生使用“因果法”或“比较法”的写作技巧来成文.2002TheBestWaytoStayHealthy,2.写作步骤第一步：提出问题或现象。针对命题，概括性地提所要论述的社会问题和现象的主要特点。第二步：找出、分析问题的原因或后果。说明问题产生的原因是什么，并且要分析说明原因造成的后果是什么。第三步：提出建议或解决问题的方法，或对目前无法解决的问题提出展望。,YourunderstandingoftheproblemJuvenileDelinquencyandyoursolutionstothisthornyissue,Introduction,JuvenileDelinquencyToday,theproblemofjuveniledelinquencyhasbecomeseriousandwidespreadinmostmoderncountries.Townsandcitiesofthemostwesterncountriessufferfromteenagelawlessnessandcrime;alcoholdrinkinganddrug-takinghaveincreasedeverywhere;gangsofyouth,maleandfemale,attacklaw-abidingcitizens,orrobshopkeepers.Juvenilecourtsareovercrowdedwithoffenders.Andneithergovernmentnorschoolmastercancurethetrouble.,Reasons,Therearemanyreasonsforjuveniledelinquency.Firstofall,anattitudeofpersonalirresponsibilityinmodernsocietyaffectsyoungpeoplewhichencouragerebellionagainstallformsofestablishedauthority.Therefore,drug-taking,violence,andothercrimesplaytheirdisastrouspart,andteenagersbecomethefirstvictimsofthecrimes.Additionally,manyevilsaremadefashionablebyalargenumberofTVplays,filmsandbookswithviolenceandpornography,whicharepoisonoustotheteenagersmind.Apartfromtheviewsabove,somejuveniledelinquencystemsfromtheunstablefamilywhereparentsgotdivorced.Thuschildrencannotreceiveduecareandguidance,andasaresulttheyareheadingforcrimes.,Solutions,Personally,Ithinkthatsocietyineverycountryhastheresponsibilitytocaremuchmoreforthejuvenile.Thiscarebeginsinthehomeandinvolvesconcern,loveandinterestbyparents;theschoolcanonlysupplement,butneverreplacethis.Secondlymoralsmustbefirmly,yetkindlytaughtfromanearlyage.TVplaysandbooksconcerningviolenceandpornographymustbestrictlybannedinpublicplacesaswellasinschools.Finally,alsomostimportantly,teenagersmustbeencouragedtosetarealgoalinlifeandpursuetheirgreatideals.Witheducationfromschoolcombinedwiththecareandconcernfromparentsandsociety,juvenilecrimes,maynotbecompletelyeliminated,butcanbeatleastreducedtoaminimum.,问题分析解决型写作模板,Introduction,Perhapsnothingismore(dominant/popular/important/harmful/dangerous)in(themodernworld/Chinesefamily/school/society)than_.Accordingtoarecent(study/investigation/poll)80%teenagers(people/women)are(addictedto/indulgedin/interestedin)doing_.True,itdoessomegoodtous,butwhenweapplauditsbenefits,wemustacknowledgeitsenormouspotentialtoaffectus.,Body,1.分析原因:Inmyopinion,the(phenomenon/problem/failure/change)in_(ispartly/mainly/largelyattributableto/dueto/owingto.)_.Thefactthat_hasseveralfactors.First,_.Second,_.Finally,_2.分析结果:Itisimportantforpeople/teenagerstorealizethat_,foritwill(produce/exert/have)aremarkable(impact/influence/effect)on_.Firstofall,_.Also,_.Finally,_.,Conclusion,1.Thereis(nodenying/littledoubt)that(special/adequate/considerable/further)attentionmustbepaid/called/devotedtotheproblemof_.Ifweignore/fallin/areblindtotheproblem,itisverylikelythat_.2.Wemustlookfor/searchfor/callforanimmediateattention/action/method/measurebecausethepresent/currentsituation/stateof_.,RecentsurveysshowthatalotofcollegestudentsdownloadpapersfromtheInternettosavethetroubleofdoingtheassignments.Thiskindofacademicdishonestydoesharmtothes