《名词性从句hxl》PPT课件.ppt

Welcometoourclass,Whoisshe?,MoLongdan,Shewonthechampionshipin2010ChineseTalentShow-BlossomingFlowers.,Shemakesushappy.,Thatshewonthechampionship2010ChineseTalentShowmakesushappy.,Bignews,MoLongdanwillcomebacktoNanningthisweekend.,ThebignewsisthatMoLongdanwillcomebacktoNanningthisweekend.,Thebignewsmakesusexcited.,ThatMoLongdanwillcomebacktoNanningthisweekendmakesusexcited.,ThebignewsthatMoLongdanwillcomebacktoNanningthisweekendmakesusexcited.,WillMoLongdanreallycomebacktoNanningthisweekend?,WhetherMoLongdanwillreallycamebacktoNanningthisweekendisunknown.,Sorry,Idontknow.Actuallyitisunknown.Itisstillaquestion.,IdontknowwhetherMoLongdanwillreallycamebacktoNanningthisweekend.,ThequestioniswhetherMoLongdanwillreallycamebacktoNanningthisweekend.,ThequestionwhetherMoLongdanwillreallycamebacktoNanningthisweekendisunknown.,Question,Predicative,subject,apposition,object,Functionsoftheredclauses,ThebignewsisthatMoLongdanwillcomebacktoNanningthisweekend.,Thatshewonthechampionship2010ChineseTalentShowmakesushappy.,ThebignewsthatMoLongdanwillcomebacktoNanningthisweekendmakesusexcited.,IdontknowwhetherMoLongdanwillreallycamebacktoNanningthisweekend.,Wecallthesesentencesnounclauses.,NounClause:FunctionsasaNOUNinasentence.,Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分?,Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,Whatarenounclauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.,SubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseafteraprepositionPredictiveclauseAppositiveclause,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,Clause+V+O,V+Clause,Be+Clause,N+Clause,名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever.,连词:引导从句，但在从句中不作成分that：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起连接作用If只用于宾从中asif(though)：“好象”只连接表语从句连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分What（ever）：（无论）什么,所的，作主，宾，表，定语which（ever）：（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语Who（ever）：“（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾Whom（ever）：“（无论）谁（宾格）”作宾whose（ever）：“（无论）谁的，作定,连接副词:引导从句，作状语When（ever）：“什么时候”作状语where：“什么地方”how：怎样why：为什么从句中用陈述句序：疑问词+陈述句语序,/,/,宾从中可省,是否,/,If只用于宾从中有ornot时不能用,好象,/,只连接表语从句,（无论）什么,（无论）哪一个（些）,作主，宾，表，定语,作主，宾，表，定语,（无论）谁（主格）,（无论）谁（宾格）,（无论）谁的,什么时候,什么地方,怎样,为什么,作主，宾,作宾,作定,作状语,作状语,作状语,作状语,.东西，事情,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,Whatmakesmenervousisthatalotofteachersattendourclass.,Iamverynervousnow.Canyouguesswhy?,在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:,SubjectClause,主语从句,1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.,2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.,3.Whathesaidisnottrue.,4.Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.,5.Whoevercomesiswelcome.,6.Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,7.Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,由that引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会),Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that不可省,Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-,Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,“It”isusedasemptysubject.,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。,1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheyllstarttheproject.,“It”isusedasemptysubject.,形式主语,Itmakesmenervousthatalotofteachersattendourclass.,Whatmakesmenervousisthatalotofteachersattendourclass.,Itslikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat据说/据报道Itseems/appears/happensthat似乎/好像/碰巧.Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat已经通知/宣布Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/commonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that,在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句,Itiswellknown/thought/saidthatItisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtfulthatItisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatItdoesntmatterwhetherItseemsthatIthappensthat,1._isdisappointingthatyoucantcometomybirthdaypartythedayaftertomorrow.A.ItB.ThisC.ThatD.Which,2._hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether,6._youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This,5._the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That,3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for,4._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter,宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语),Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.,that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow,宾语从句,连词,当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.IdontknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.,注意,1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,atthistimeyesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,whatyouweredoing,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertoldus_.,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,lighttravelsinastraightline,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句,跟在系动词后的从句是表语从句。,常见的系动词分为三种：,A表示特征和状态：be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear,B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run.,C表示某种状态的：remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等.,固定结构：Thereasonisthat+从句。It/This/Thatisbecause从句。,连接词,when/where/why/how/because,that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句),连接代词,who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词,另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空:1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimis_hehasoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentis_hewasill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。,1.Thefactis_shedoesntlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_Idonthaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas_hecouldgetthemoney.,Thepredicativeclauseisalsoeasy!,that,that,whether,whether/where/how,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。引导多个并列宾语从句时，引导第一个宾语从句“that”可以省Itis/wasbecause.这是因为Itis/waswhy.这就是为什么3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4.Thereasonisbecause/why5.This/ThatswhyThis/Thatsthereasonwhy,同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。,同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.,3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,同位语从句,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinese