武汉微博教育—计算机英语第三版课后答案.doc

武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案（二）课后答案Unit 4Computer Language and ProgrammingSection AIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 artificial; instructions2 low-level; high-level3 low-level4 Machine5 functional; logic6 Statement7 Module8 digitalIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 storage register 存储寄存器2 function statement 函数语句3 program statement 程序语句4 object-oriented language 面向对象语言5 assembly language 汇编语言6 intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7 relational language 关系（型）语言8 artificial language 人造语言9 data declaration 数据声明10 SQL 结构化查询语言11 executable program 可执行程序 12 program module 程序模块 13 conditional statement 条件语句 14 assignment statemen t赋值语句 15 logic language 逻辑语言 16 machine language 机器语言 17 functional language 函数式语言 18 programming language 程序设计语言 19 run a computer program 运行计算机程序 20 computer programme r 计算机程序设计员 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machines main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasksa first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.IVTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese.One especially powerful feature of OOP (object-oriented programming) languages is a property which is known as inheritance. Inheritance allows an object to take on the characteristics and functions of other objects to which it is functionally connected. Programmers connect objects by grouping them together in different classes and by grouping the classes into hierarchies. These classes and hierarchies allow programmers to define the characteristics and functions of objects without needing to repeat source code, the coded instructions in a program. Thus, using OOP languages can greatly reduce the time it takes for a programmer to write an application, and also reduce the size of the program. OOP languages are flexible and adaptable, so programs or parts of programs can be used for more than one task. Programs written with OOP languages are generally shorter in length and contain fewer bugs (缺陷), or mistakes, than those written with non-OOP languages.面向对象程序设计语言的一个特别强大的功能，是称为继承的特性。继承允许一个对象获得与其具有功能联系的其他对象的属性与功能。程序员把对象归为不同的类，并把类分成层次，以此将对象联系起来。这些类与层次使程序员可以定义对象的属性与功能，而不必重复源代码，即程序中的编码指令。因此，使用面向对象程序设计语言，可以大大缩短程序员编写应用程序所需的时间，也可以缩短程序长度。面向对象程序设计语言灵活、适应性强，所以程序或程序的某些部分可用于不止一项任务。使用面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序，比使用非面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序，一般长度短且包含的错误少。Section BIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 object-oriented2 user interface3 Event4 ControlsIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 function call 函数调用2 event-driven programming 事件驱动编程3 click on a push button 点击按钮4 application window 应用程序窗口5 class hierarchy 类继承6 child window 子窗口 7 application development environment 应用程序开发环境 8 pull-down menu 下拉菜单 9 dialog box 对话框 10 scroll bar 滚动条Section CI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.Given the array called object with 20 elements, if you see the term object10, you know the array is in _ form; if you see the term object10, you know the array is in _ form. (subscript; index)2.In most programming languages, an array is a static data structure. When you define an array, the size is _. (fixed)3.A(n) _ is a pictorial representation of a frequency array. (histogram)4.An array that consists of just rows and columns is probably a(n) _ array. (two-dimensional)武汉微博教育II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.bar chart条形图2.frequency array频率数组3.graphical representation图形表示4.multidimensional array多维数组5.用户视图user(s) view6.下标形式subscript form7.一维数组one-dimensional array8.编程结构programming constructPART TWOSoftware EngineeringUnit 5Software DevelopmentSection AIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 application; operating2 assemblers3 compiler4 interpreter5 Debugger6 Loop7 device driver8 John von NeumannIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 inference engine 推理机2 system call 系统调用3 compiled language 编译语言4 parallel computing 平行计算5 pattern matching 模式匹配6 free memory 空闲内存7 interpreter program 解释程序8 library routine 库程序9 intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序10 source file 源文件11 interpreted language 解释（性）语言 12 device driver 设备驱动程序 13 source program 源程序 14 debugging program 调试程序 15 object code 目标代码 16 application program 应用程序 17 utility program 实用程序 18 logic program 逻辑程序 19 ink cartridge 墨盒 20 program storage and execution 程序的存储与执行 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computers machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programssuch as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers (连接程序), and loaders (装入程序)finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.IVTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese.In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect results. Minor bugsfor example, a cursor that does not behave as expectedcan be inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a program to “hang” (stop responding to commands) and might leave the user with no alternative but to restart the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged as completely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available are corrected in the next update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches, that circumvents (规避) the problem or otherwise alleviates (减轻) its effects.在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问题或减轻其影响。Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.One of the differences between C# and Java is that Java runs on any platform with a Java Virtual _ while C# only runs in Windows for the foreseeable future. (Machine)2.With .NET, Microsoft is opening up a channel both to _ in other programming languages and to non-.NET _. (developers; components)3.J2EE is a single-language platform; calls from/to objects in other languages are possible through _, but this kind of support is not a ubiquitous part of the platform. (CORBA)4.One important element of the .NET platform is a common language _, which runs bytecodes in an Internal Language format. (runtime)II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.messaging model消息收发模型2.common language runtime通用语言运行时刻（环境）3.hierarchical namespace分等级层次的名称空间4.development community开发社区5.CORBA公用对象请求代理（程序）体系结构6.基本组件base component7.元数据标记metadata tag8.虚拟机virtual machine9.集成开发环境IDE（integrated development environment）10.简单对象访问协议SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）Section CIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 cross-platform2 Exit; Quit3 Unicode4 EnvironmentIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 search path 搜索路径2 dynamic library 动态链接库3 code set 代码集4 ancestor menu 祖辈菜单5 end user 最终用户 6 menu item 菜单项 7 cross-platform application 跨平台应用程序 8 character set 字符集 Unit 6Software Life CycleSection AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.The development process in the software life cycle involves four phases: analysis, design, implementation, and _. (testing)2.In the system development process, the system analyst defines the user, needs, requirements and methods in the _ phase. (analysis)3.In the system development process, the code is written in the _ phase. (implementation)4.In the system development process, modularity is a very well-established principle used in the _ phase. (design)5.The most commonly used tool in the design phase is the _. (structure chart)6.In the system development process, _ and pseudocode are tools used by programmers in the implementation phase. (flowcharts)7.Pseudocode is part English and part program _. (logic)8.While black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the _, white box testing is done by the _. (user; programmer)II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.standard graphical symbol标准图形符号2.logical flow of data标准图形符号3.test case测试用例4.program validation程序验证5.white box testing白盒测试6.student registration system学生注册系统7.customized banking package定制的金融软件包8.software life cycle软件生命周期9.user working environment用户工作环境10.implementation phase实现阶段11.测试数据test data12.结构图structure chart13.系统开发阶段system development phase14.软件工程software engineering15.系统分析员system(s) analyst16.测试工程师test engineer17.系统生命周期system life cycle18.设计阶段design phase19.黑盒测试black box testing20.会计软件包accounting packageIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:development; testing; programmer; chart; engineer; attend; interfacessystem; software; small; userdevelop; changes; quality; board; UncontrolledIV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:软件工程是软件开发的一个领域；在这个领域中，计算机科学家和工程师研究有关的方法与工具，以使高效开发正确、可靠和健壮的计算机程序变得容易。计算机科学的这一分支的研究，考虑软件生命周期的所有阶段。软件生命周期从正式的问题详述开始，随后相继是解决方案设计、解决方案实现为程序、程序测试和程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具以及被称为编程环境的工具集，用以改进开发过程。例如，软件工具可以帮助管理程序员小组正在编写的大型程序的诸多组件。Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.IVTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese.Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.软件工程是软件开发的一个领域。在这个领域里，计算机科学家与工程师研究可使高效地开发正确、可靠、健壮的计算机程序变得容易的方法和工具。计算机科学的这一分科中的研究，要考虑软件生命周期的所有阶段。软件生命周期始于正式的问题说明，然后是解决方案的设计、它作为一个程序的实现、程序的测试以及程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具和称为编程环境的工具组，以改进开发过程。例如，工具可帮助管理程序员小组正在编写的大规模程序的众多成分。Section BModel Driven DevelopmentI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.Information engineering emphasizes a modeling tool called _ relationship diagrams.(entity)2.One of the disadvantages of model-driven development is the long _ of projects. (duration)3.Unlike structured analysis and design and information engineering, object-oriented analysis and design attempts to merge the _ and _ concerns into singular constructs called objects. (data; process或process; data)4.Unlike logical models, physical models show not only what a system is or does, but also how the system is physically and technically _. (implemented)II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.check box复选框（或选择框）2.structured design结构化设计3.building block（信息系统的）构建模块4.database schema数据库模式5.radio button单选（按）钮6.系统建模技术system modeling technique7.模型驱动开发model-driven development8.数据流程图data flow diagram9.下拉式菜单drop-down (或pull-down) menu10.滚动条scroll barSection CWhat Is a Design Pattern?I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.A design pattern generally has four essential elements: the pattern name, _, solution, and consequences. (problem)2.Reusability is often a factor in object-oriented design, so the _ of a pattern include its impact on a systems flexibility, extensibility, or portability. (consequences)3.The solution of a design pattern describes the elements that make up the _, their relationships, responsibilities, and collaborations. (design)4.With reusable object-oriented software, your design should be _ to the problem at hand but also _ enough to address future problems and requirements. (specific; general)II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.procedural language过程化语言2.common design structure通用设计结构3.class and object interaction类与对象交互4.design constraint设计约束5.设计模式design pattern6.可复用软件reusable software7.面向对象的系统object-oriented system8.继承层次inheritance hierarchy文章来源武汉微博教育当我被上帝造出来时，上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人，我不假思索的说，我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。于是，我降临在了人间。我出生在一个官僚知识分子之家，父亲在朝中做官，精读诗书，母亲知书答礼，温柔体贴，父母给我去了一个好听的名字：李清照。小时侯，受父母影响的我饱读诗书，聪明伶俐，在朝中享有“神童”的称号。小时候的我天真活泼，才思敏捷，小河畔，花丛边撒满了我的诗我的笑，无可置疑，小时侯的我快乐无虑。“兴尽晚回舟，误入藕花深处。争渡，争渡，惊起一滩鸥鹭。”青春的我如同一只小鸟，自由自在，没有约束，少女纯净的心灵常在朝阳小，流水也被自然洗礼，纤细的手指拈一束花，轻抛入水，随波荡漾，发髻上沾着晶莹的露水，双脚任水流轻抚。身影轻飘而过，留下一阵清风。可是晚年的我却生活在一片黑暗之中，家庭的衰败，社会的改变，消磨着我那柔弱的心。我几乎对生活绝望，每天在痛苦中消磨时光，一切都好象是灰暗的。“寻寻觅觅冷冷清清凄凄惨惨戚戚”这千古叠词句就是我当时心情的写照。最后，香消玉殒，我在痛苦和哀怨中凄凉的死去。在天堂里，我又见到了上帝。上帝问我过的怎么样，我摇摇头又点点头，我的一生有欢乐也有坎坷，有笑声也有泪水，有鼎盛也有衰落。我始终无法客观的评价我的一生。我原以为做一个着名的人，一生应该是被欢乐荣誉所包围，可我发现我错了。于是在下一轮回中，我选择做一个平凡的人。我来到人间，我是一个平凡的人，我既不着名也不出众，但我拥有一切的幸福：我有温馨的家，我有可亲可爱的同学和老师，我每天平凡而快乐的活着，这就够了。天儿蓝蓝风儿轻轻，暖和的春风带着春的气息吹进明亮的教室，我坐在教室的窗前，望着我拥有的一切，我甜甜的笑了。我拿起手中的笔，不禁想起曾经作诗的李清照，我虽然没有横溢的才华，但我还是拿起手中的笔，用最朴实的语言，写下了一时的感受：人生并不总是完美的，每个人都会有不如意的地方。这就需要我们静下心来阅读自己的人生，体会其中无尽的快乐和与众不同。“富不读书富不久，穷不读书终究穷。”为什么从古到今都那么看重有学识之人？那是因为有学识之人可以为社会做出更大的贡献。那时因为读书能给人带来快乐。自从看了丑小鸭这篇童话之后，我变了，变得开朗起来，变得乐意同别人交往，变得自信了因为我知道：即使现在我是只“丑小鸭”，但只要有自信，总有一天我会变成“白天鹅”的，而且会是一只世界上最美丽的“白天鹅”我读完了这篇美丽的童话故事，深深被丑小鸭的自信和乐观所折服，并把故事讲给了外婆听，外婆也对童话带给我们的深刻道理而惊讶不已。还吵着闹着多看几本名着。于是我给外婆又买了几本名着故事，她起先自己读，读到不认识的字我就告诉她，如果这一面生字较多，我就读给她听整个一面。渐渐的，自己的语文阅读能力也提高了不少，与此同时我也发现一个人读书的乐趣远不及两个人读的乐趣大，而两个人读书的乐趣远不及全家一起读的乐趣大。于是，我便发展“业务”带动全家一起读书现在，每每遇到好书大家也不分男女老少都一拥而上，争先恐后“抢书”，当我说起我最小应该让我的时候，却没有人搭理我。最后还把书给撕坏了，我生气地哭了，妈妈一边安慰我一边对外婆说：“孩子小，应该让着点。”外婆却不服气的说：“我这一把年纪的了，怎么没人让我呀？”大家人你一言我一语，谁也不肯相让读书让我明白了善恶美丑、悲欢离合，读一本好书，犹如同智者谈心、谈理想，教你辨别