外文翻译-汽车前轮定位参数研究及优化设计.doc

密 级分类号编 号成 绩本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题FOUR-WHEEL ALIGNMENT STSTEM译 文 标 题四轮定位系统作者所在系别机电工程学院作者所在专业车辆工程作者所在班级B13141作 者 姓 名陈浩作 者 学 号201322377指导教师姓名赵秋芳指导教师职称副教授完 成 时 间2017年3月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题四轮定位系统原文标题FOUR-WHEEL ALIGNMENT SYSTEM作 者William P. Hastings译 名威廉姆.哈斯汀国 籍美国原文出处United States Patent摘要：本四轮定位系统提供了包括四个车辆支承装置和四个定位装置。这些定位装置可能与支承装置相连或者直接与车轮及引导块和多个可旋转的轮缘爪，以确保它们可以快速，牢固和精确地附接，从而提高车轮定位操作的速度和精度。关键词：四轮定位系统 定位装置 支承装置 车轮定位四轮定位系统1.1描述：1.1.1发明的背景：近年来汽车和其他陆地车辆的增加，用于保持车辆处于良好操作状态的装置的数量和种类已经相等地增长和改进。这样的车轮定位装置，被设置用于确保车辆正确地操作并且轮胎正确地磨损。过去，人们通常认为车辆的前轮正确对准是足够准确的。然而，单体车辆构造使得支撑车辆的所有四个轮子的对准的引入也很必要。如果四个车轮不正确对准，则可能导致过度的轮胎磨损和不良的操纵，加上更频繁地更换如减震器，弹簧和转向部件等部件。美国专利No.美国专利No.4,782,596公开了一种定位车轮装置和使用该装置的方法，用其中的刚性构件附接到车辆支柱组件代替车轮。该装置包含突出轮毂，使得可以在其上支撑曲度计，并且该装置拥有高度调节特征，该高度调节特征包括可旋转块构件。虽然上述专利展现了在保持车辆车轮正确对准和提高车轮定位程序的效率方面的进步，但是一些问题仍未得到解决。具体地，虽然美国专利美国专利4,782,596提高了车辆的前轮对准的速度和效率，但是仍然存在难以快速和准确地将诊断设备（例如翘度计）附接到装置的困难。此外，还没有讨论或提供在车轮保持在适当位置时快速和精确的车轮定位。因此，很好的是具有一种改进的车轮定位装置，该车轮定位装置可以连接到美国专利No.4,813,513中所描述的装置并与其一起使用或任何类似装置，或直接连接到车轮。1.1.2发明概述：本发明的的一个目的是提供一种新的和改进的车轮定位系统，从而可以进一步提高车轮定位操作的速度和精度。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种新的和改进的车轮定位装置，该定位装置可以与已知的车轮定位装置一起使用，或者可以直接在车轮上使用，而不需要去除它们。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种改进的车轮定位系统，其不需要额外的适配器，不需要额外的设备，并且精确适配，使用简单并且不需要昂贵的升降机或校准架。本发明提供了一种用于附接到车辆的支柱组件的四个车辆支撑构件的四轮对准系统。此外，还提供了具有用于进行各种对准诊断的线性刻度的四个对准诊断夹具。每个固定装置包括位于中心的用于提高精度的滑块导向块，以及多个旋转连接的凸缘爪，用于在支撑构件的凸缘外部，以及支撑构件的凸缘外部或直接到车辆上快速，准确和方便地附接轮。滑动引导件可以滑动用于安装固定装置时提供精确的支撑，使得固定装置在紧固到车轮或支撑构件期间保持在适当的调整范围内。本发明的又一个目的是提供一种四轮定位系统，执行以下诊断过程：四轮外倾，脚趾外翻，脚轮，轴距和胎面宽度补偿，单个前部和后趾，方向盘定心，推力线，后退和SAI是方便和有效的。参考以下描述和附图及权利要求，本发明的其它目的，优点和特征将变得显而易见。1.1.3具体实施方式参考附图，图1示出了车轮定位系统2.该系统被示出为可以连接到典型的汽车6的支柱组件4.系统2包括支撑组件8，固定装置10和电子传感器或处理器12。在图1中示出了一个系统2。如图1所示，应当理解，本发明的车轮定位系统2是四轮定位系统，图1仅仅包括本发明的四个大部分相似的系统中的一个。本发明的车辆支撑组件8包括转台或滑板14.转台14在水平面中提供枢转和直线运动，以便能够进行诊断和调节对准操作。基块16搁置在转台14上并且枢转地附接到竖直支撑件18.在竖直支撑件18的上端处，设置有板20。板20具有围绕其周边的环形唇缘22。当车辆支撑组件8相对于如图1所示的车辆6定位时，环形唇缘22从板20和从车辆6向外延伸。板20设置有至少一个中心毂24.如果需要，毂24适于接收车辆6的轴端26，或者用于附接某种类型的弯度（未示出）。上述车辆支撑组件8是商业上可获得的，并且被良好地表示并且更充分地描述为美国专利No.6,232,622中的“装置10”。本文引用的美国专利4,782,596。现在转到本发明的固定装置10，可以特别参考图1和2。具体地，固定装置10包括一对间隔开的平行的左右侧杆30.左右的爪安装杆32在爪安装杆32的大致中点处附接到侧杆30的端部。爪安装杆32通常垂直于侧杆30并且可通过适当的装置（包括典型的螺母和螺栓装置，焊接或典型的套筒头螺栓和孔装置）来附接。在爪安装杆32的相应端部处，固定件10设置有凸缘爪34.凸缘爪34在其端部处或附近以及在其一侧附接到爪安装杆32。如图所示，如图3所示，轮辋爪34通过条形螺栓和定位销装置33附接到爪安装杆32，由此轮辋爪34可以完整地转动，即转过完整的360。轮辋爪34包括接收用于将爪34附接到杆32的螺栓的块部段36和具有内径38的爪末端部分37。进一步参考图1，参考图3和图4，可以看出，本发明的固定装置10包括在侧杆30之间延伸的多个大致管状的圆柱形杆。杆包括缩回杆40，中心螺杆42和稳定杆44。这三个杆大致平行，并且缩回杆和稳定杆40,44分别具有比中心螺杆42大的直径。在侧杆30之间并且在与杆大致相同的平面中，固定装置10设置有滑块46和引导块48。滑动器46和导向块48中的任一个或两者可以具有形成为一体件（如图所示）的主体，其具有从中穿过的适当的孔。或者，两者或任一者可形成为分叉或分裂体，其部件可通过适当的连接装置例如固定螺钉固定在一起。另外，两者或任一者可具有滑动性调节特征或锁（未示出）以将它们保持在相对于杆的一个位置。稳定器杆44的一端固定到侧杆30中的一个并大致垂直地从其延伸;稳定器杆44的相对端容纳在滑块46中并固定到滑块46。图。图3表示稳定器杆44是最靠近爪安装杆32的杆。在距离爪安装杆32最远的三个杆的外侧，缩回杆40被固定到相对的侧杆30并且延伸穿过中心螺杆42连接到与缩回杆40相同的侧杆30，并延伸穿过设置在滑块46中的螺纹孔。缩回杆40的第二端和螺杆42的第二端免费;所有三个杆延伸穿过设置在引导块48中的孔。手柄50设置在一个侧杆30的外部，并且通过侧杆30连接到螺杆42以致动其转动。应当理解，从刚刚描述和在图1和图2中示出的布置中，在图3和图4中，沿任一方向旋转手旋钮50导致螺杆42的旋转。因为滑块46在大约ce处接收螺纹孔中的螺杆42参考文献US Patent References:4815216Rim engaging finger for a wheel clamp1989-03-28Swayne332/31.84782596Wheel aligning method and apparatus1988-11-08Mieling332/31.84569140Thrust line wheel alignment apparatus and method1986-02-11Hobson332/31.84285136Wheel clamp1981-08-25Ragan332/31.8附录：FOUR-WHEEL ALIGNMENT SYSTEMAbstract: A wheel alignment system including four vehicle supporting members and four alignment fixtures is provided. The fixtures may be attached to the supporting members or directly to a vehicle wheel and include a guide block and a plurality of swiveling rim claws to ensure they may be quickly, securely and accurately attached, thereby increasing the speed and accuracy of wheel alignment operations.Keywords: wheel alignment system vehicle supporting members alignment fixtures.FOUR-WHEEL ALIGNMENT SYSTEM 1.1Description:1.1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONAs a result of the proliferation of the automobile and other land vehicles in recent years, there has been equal growth and refinement in the number and kinds of devices used to maintain the vehicles in good operating condition. One such device, provided to insure that a vehicle handles properly and that the tires wear properly, is the wheel alignment device.In the past, it was usually deemed sufficient that the front wheels of a vehicle were in proper alignment. However, the introduction of unibody vehicle construction has made necessary the alignment of all four wheels supporting a vehicle. If the four wheels are not in proper alignment, the result may be excessive tire wear and poor handling, plus more frequent replacement of other vehicular components such as shock absorbers, springs and steering components.U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,596 discloses a wheel aligning device and method of using the device wherein a rigid member is attached to a vehicle strut assembly in place of the wheels. The device includes a projecting hub so that a camber gauge may be supported thereon and includes a height adjustment feature comprising a rotatable block member.While the above-noted patent represents an advance in the keeping of a vehicles wheels in proper alignment and increases the efficiency of wheel alignment procedures, some problems have remained unaddressed. Specifically, while the device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,596 improves the speed and efficiency with which the front wheels of a vehicle can be aligned, there is still the difficulty of quickly and accurately attaching diagnostic equipment such as camber gauges to the device. Additionally, there is no discussion or provision for the quick and accurate wheel alignment while the vehicle wheels remain in place.Thus, it would be beneficial to have an improved wheel aligning device which may be connectable to and used with the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,596, to any similar device, or directly to the vehicle wheels.1.1.2SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved wheel aligning system whereby the speed and accuracy of wheel alignment operations may be further improved.Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved wheel alignment fixture whereby the fixture may be used with known wheel alignment devices or may be used directly on the vehicle wheels without removing them.Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved wheel alignment system for which no extra adapters are necessary, no extra equipment is necessary and which is accurate, simple to use and does not require expensive lifts or alignment racks.A four-wheel alignment system including four vehicular support members for attachment to a vehicles strut assembly is provided. Additionally, four alignment diagnostic fixtures having linear scales for making various alignment diagnoses are provided. Each fixture includes a glider guide block in the center for increasing accuracy and a number of swivel-connected rim claws for quick, accurate and convenient attachment inside the rim lip of a support member, outside the rim of a support member or directly to a vehicle wheel. The glider guide is slidable for providing accurate support while mounting the fixtures so that the fixtures stay in proper adjustment during tightening to a wheel or support member.Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a four-wheel alignment system wherein it is convenient and efficient to perform the following diagnostic procedures: four wheel camber, toe-out on turns, caster, wheelbase and tread width compensation, individual front and rear toe, steering wheel centering, thrust line, wheel setback and SAI.Additional objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the following description and the appended drawings and claims.1.1.3DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTWith reference to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a wheel alignment system 2. The system is shown as it might be attached to the strut assembly 4 of a typical automobile 6. The system 2 incorporates a support assembly 8, a fixture 10 and an electronic sensor or processor 12. Although only one system 2 is shown in FIG. 1, it should be appreciated that the wheel alignment system 2 of the present invention is a four-wheel alignment system and that the system 2 shown in FIG. 1 is only one of four largely similar systems which comprise the present invention.The vehicular support assembly 8 of the present invention includes turntables or slip plates 14. The turn-tables 14 provide pivotal and straight-line movement in a horizontal plane to enable the diagnostic and adjustment alignment operations. A base block 16 rests upon the turntable 14 and is pivotally attached to vertical supports 18. At the upper ends of the vertical supports 18, a plate 20 is provided. The plate 20 has an annular lip 22 around the periphery thereof. The annular lip 22 extends outwardly from the plate 20 and from a vehicle 6 when the vehicular support assembly 8 is positioned with reference to a vehicle 6 as shown in FIG. 1. The plate 20 is provided with at least one central hub 24. The hub 24 is adapted to receive the axle ends 26 of a vehicle 6 if necessary, or for the attachment of a certain type of camber gauge (not shown).The vehicular support assembly 8 described above is commercially available and is well represented and more fully described as the device 10 in U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,596, cited herein.Turning now to the fixtures 10 of the present invention, particular reference may be made to FIGS. 3 and 4. Specifically, the fixtures 10 include a pair of spaced, parallel right and left sidebars 30. Right and left claw mounting bars 32 are attached to the ends of the sidebars 30 at the approximate midpoint of the claw mounting bars 32. The claw mounting bars 32 are generally perpendicular to the sidebars 30 and may be attached by appropriate means including typical nut-and-bolt arrangements, welding or a typical socket headbolt and bore arrangement.At the respective ends of the claw mounting bars 32, the fixtures 10 are provided with rim claws 34. The rim claws 34 are attached to the claw mounting bars 32 at or near the ends thereof and on one side thereof. As shown in FIG. 3, the rim claws 34 are attached to the claw mounting bars 32 by a strip bolt and dowel pin arrangement 33 whereby a rim claw 34 may be turned in a complete circle, that is, through a full 360. The rim claws 34 comprise a block section 36, which receives the bolt for attaching a claw 34 to the bar 32, and a claw tip portion 37 having an inner radius 38.With further reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the fixture 10 of the present invention includes a plurality of generally tubular, cylindrical rods extending between the sidebars 30. The rods include a retracting rod 40, a central screw rod 42 and a stabilizer rod 44. These three rods are generally parallel and the retracting and stabilizer rods 40, 44 respectively, may have a larger diameter than the central screw rod 42.Between the sidebars 30 and in generally the same plane as the rods, the fixture 10 is provided with a glider 46 and a guide block 48.Both or either of the glider 46 and the guide block 48 may have bodies formed as one piece (as shown) having appropriate apertures therethrough. Alternatively, both or either may be formed as bifurcated or split bodies, the pieces of which may be secured together by appropriate connection means such as set screws. Additionally, both or either may have slidability adjustment features or locks (not shown) to hold them in one place relative to the rods.One end of the stabilizer rod 44 is fixed to one of the sidebars 30 and extends generally perpendicularly therefrom; the opposite end of the stabilizer rod 44 is received in the glider 46 and fixed thereto. FIG. 3 indicates that the stabilizer rod 44 is the rod which is closest to the claw mounting bars 32. At the outside of the three bars, furthest from the claw mounting bars 32, the retracting rod 40 is fixed to the opposite sidebar 30 and extends through an aperture provided in the glider 46. The central screw rod 42 is attached to the same sidebar 30 as the retracting rod 40 and extends through a threaded aperture provided in the glider 46. The second ends of the retracting rod 40 and the screw rod 42 are free; all three of the rods extend through apertures provided in the guide block 48. A hand knob 50 is provided outside one sidebar 30 and is connected through the sidebar 30 to the screw rod 42 to actuate the turning thereof.It should be appreciated from the arrangement just described and shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 that turning the hand knob 50 in either direction causes the rotation of the screw rod 42. Because the glider 46 receives the screw rod 42 in a threaded aperture at the approximate center point thereof, it should be appreciated that the glider 46 will be moved in either of two directions between the sidebars 30 depending on which way the hand knob 50 is turned. The movement of the glider 46 will naturally cause the sidebars 30 to be moved toward or away from one another because of the fixed connection between the sidebar 30 and the glider 46 provided by the stabilizer bar 44.The guide block 48 of the present invention addresses a need heretofore unmet in the prior art. Specifically, absent the guide block 48, as the hand knob 50 is turned, the forces either pulling the sidebars 30 together or spreading them apart may cause the fixture 10 to be skewed. That is, if a pair of lines were stretched between the sidebars 30 as shown in FIG. 3 by dotted lines A and B, the rectangle formed by the lines and the sidebars 30 may be turned into a parallelogram as a result of tightening the fixtures 10 in place. If this happens, it would be extremely difficult to perform diagnostic wheel alignment functions and even to make an adequate, secure connection between the fixtures 10 and the vehicular support assembly 8. The provision of the guide block 48 obviates this problem by keeping the rods in parallel, planar alignment.The electronics unit 12 shown in FIG. 1 is a digital protractor of the type which are commercially available. It and other commercially available units provide a digital display of level, angle and tilt. The unit 12 shown is of the type manufactured by Schaevitz Corp. of Phoenix, Ariz. In use, the electronics unit 12 may be placed on top of the guide block 48 once the fixture 10 is mounted on the vehicle supporting assembly 8; readings may be taken directly from the unit 12. It should also be noted that the sidebars 30 of the fixtures 10 of the present invention may be marked with the appropriate indicia 52 for performing the various diagnostic tests (turning angle, toe, etc.) during the wheel alignment process.In use, the fixtures 10 of the present invention may be used with the vehicular support assembly 8 described herein and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,596. However, it should also be appreciated that the fixtures 10 may be used directly on a vehicle wheel (not shown). That is, the rim claws 34 are adapted to be placed directly on a wheel rim without removing the wheel from the vehicle. Additionally, another advantage of the fixture -0 of the present invention, and the rim claws 34 thereof, is that the fixture 10 may be placed with the swivel connected rim claws 34 either outside or inside the annular lip 22 of the vehicle supporting assembly 8. A placement outside the annular lip 22 and an appropriate tightening of the hand knob 50 will cause the fixture 10 to tighten, pulling inwardly against the annular lip 22; swiveling the rim claws 34 approximately 180, it is possible to cause the fixture 10 to be fixed in place relative to the annular lip 22 by an outwardly extending or expansion force.For use directly on a vehicle wheel (not shown), pre-alignment checks such as tire pressure, ride height and suspension checks should be carried out before the fixture 10 is placed on the wheel.The fixtures 10 are attached on the wheels by positioning them generally horizontally across the wheel. The fixtures 10 may be visually leveled; all four rim claws 34 must be in contact with the inside or outside of the wheel rim; the hand knob 50 can be operated in the required direction to cause the fixture 10 to be tightened in place. The guide block 48 will insure that the rods remain parallel and will enhance the accuracy of the various diagnostic assessments which may be carried out by the electronics unit 12 such as caster, camber, toe or other tests as needed.It should be appreciated that if only a front wheel alignment is desired, two fixtures 10, one on each side of the vehicle, may be used. Alternatively, if all four wheels must be aligned or other diagnostic procedures such as consideration of the wheel base, individual front and rear toe, thrust line or individual four-wheel camber, are to be carried out, one fixture 10 may be mounted on each vehicle wheel.If using vehicular support assemblies 8 with the fixtures 10 rather than using the fixtures 10 on a vehicle wheel, attachment and positioning of the vehicle support assemblies 8 may be accomplished in accordance with the teachings expressed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,596. The fixtures 10 may be attached to the support assemblies 8 just as if attaching them to a wheel as outlined above.The four-wheel wheel alignment system of the present invention may take different forms within the scope of the invention. In certain embodiments various other commercially available electronics units or non-electronic diagnostic gauges or devices might be used to make alignment diagnoses. The sam