新目标英语八年级上第3单元知识点总结.doc

Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister话题：本单元以描述朋友外表和个性特征，比较个人与朋友间的差异为题材，增进朋友间的相互了解。教学目标：使学生掌握形容词副词的比较级运用比较级来描述个人与朋友间的差异知识点1.形容词、副词比较级规则变化 A.直接在词尾加-er few-fewer long-longer small-smaller light-lighter tall-taller B.以不发音的字母e结尾,直接加r Nice-nicer large-larger C.以重读闭音节结尾并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母加er thin-thinner big-bigger hot-hotter wet-wetter red-redder D.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加er heavy-heavier easy-easier E.多音节和部分双音节词 more +该词不规则变化 有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。good好的 well好；(身体)好的, better更好的 best最好的bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地/ill(身体)不舒服的 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的many许多的(可数)/much许多的(不可数)；非常 more更多的；更 most最多的；最little少的 less更少的 least最少的far远的；远地 farther更远的；更远地further/进一步的(地) farthest最远的；最远地 furthest最深刻的(地)old老的 older年龄较大的；较旧的 oldest年龄最大的；最旧的elder仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼 eldest仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼 常用句型比较级+than 当than前后所使用的动词形式相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。 Alice writes more carefully than I (do).This story is _ interesting)than that one( is )比较级+and+比较级 或者 more and more +原形 意为 越来越Spring is coming, and days are getting longer and longer.春天来了，白天越来越长了。The little girl is more and more beautiful.这个小女孩越来越漂亮了。the+比较级, the+比较级意为越就越The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner, the better. 越快越好。表示对两个人或事物进行对比，并进行选择常用句型，Which/what/who +be+形容词比较级，A or B?Who is taller, Tom or Jack?Which is better, the blue one or the yellow one?表示三者 Which is the largest, Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou?同一类人或物在某一范围进行比较时，常用形容词比较级+than any other+名词单数 意为比任何都Is Yangtze River longer than any other river in China?Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.等于 the +形容词最高级+可数名词单数+of/in 当表示是两者中更的时，常用the +比较级+of the two the 不可缺少Tom is the thinner of the two.This boy is the smarter of the two.和一样 As+比较级原形+as 否定 not as+比较级原形+as not so+比较级原形+as修饰形容词比较级的副词有 a little much even练习1)天越来越长了。_2)她越来越漂亮了。_3)天空越来越蓝了。_4)糖放的越多，水会越甜。_5)污染越多，人就越容易生病。_2.附加疑问句 反意的附加疑问句，由肯定陈述句加简短附加疑问句构成，用于向对方证实某事eg.Its a nice day, isnt it? 这是个好天气，不是吗？ He isnt a bad boy, is he? 他不是个坏孩子，是吗？注意：在回答附加疑问句时，如果事实是肯定的，用Yes回答，翻译为，不。如果事实是否定的，用No回答，翻译为是。Eg. She is beautiful ,isnt she? 她很漂亮，不是吗？ Yes, she is. 不，她很漂亮。 No, she isnt. 是，她不漂亮了。练习翻译下列句子：1)The cat is so lovely, isnt it? _2)The desk isnt that dirty, is it?_3)Jack likes playing basketball, doesnt he?_4)The water isnt so deep, is it?_5)The sky was blue in the past days, wasnt?_3.hard-working 与work hard hard-working adj. 努力工作的work hard v.+adv. 努力工作Eg. Mary is a hard-working girl, she works hard every day. 玛丽是努力学习的女孩，她每天都努力工作。asas 和一样 Eg.1)This apple is as red as that one. 这个苹果和那个苹果一样红。2)Marys bag is as new as Toms. 玛丽的书包和汤姆的书包一样新。3)Lucy is as quiet as Lily. 露西和李丽一样安静。4)She is as tall as Jack. 她和杰克一样高。5)She is as slim as I. 她和我一样苗条。注意 否定形式 not as as或者是not soas 1)This apple is not as red as that one. 或者 This apple is not so red as that one.1)Marys bag is not as new as Toms. 或者 Marys bag is not so red as that one.3)Lucy is not as quiet as Lily. 或者 Lucy is not so quiet as Lily.4)She is not as tall as Jack. 或者 She is not so tall as Lily.5)He is not as old as I. 或者 He is not so old as I.练习1)吉姆和他哥哥一样高。_2)吉姆没有他哥哥高_3)这个杯子和那个杯子一样漂亮。_4)这个杯子没有那个杯子漂亮。_5)我家电视机和李磊家的电视机一样新。_4.as long as 只要1)用于asas句型中，表示 像一样长Eg. My books are as new as yours. 我的书和你的一样新。2)表示时间，意思是达之久Eg. You can keep the book as long as you like. 这本书你想借多久就借多久。 3)表示条件，意思是只要，引导条件状语从句Eg. We will go as long as the weather is good. 只要天气好我们就去。练习1)只要我来了就给你说。_2)只要他去派对，玛丽就很高兴了。_3)只要用心做就行了。_4)只要努力，就会有所收获。_5)只要老板同意，我就过来。_5.though 尽管注意 though和but不能同时出现在一个句子中Eg. 1)Though he is little, he knows a lot. 或者He is little, but he knows a lot. 虽然他很小，但是他知道很多东西。2)Though she faces a lot of difficulties, she does her best to solve them. 或者 She faces a lot of difficulties, but she does her best to solve them. 尽管她面临很多困难，但是她尽她最大的努力去解决他们。3)Though were poor, we are still happy. 或者 Were poor, but we are still happy. 虽然我们很穷，但是我们仍然很快乐。练习1)_they have some opposite views, they all think Chinese medicine is helpful. A.Until B.Though C.Since2)尽管他生病了，还是去学校了。_3)He reads every day,_ he is old. A.because B.though C.since 4)我很想外出，虽然为时稍晚。_5)尽管还是个孩子，这个女演员却引起了人们的注目。_6.reach, get to 与arrive 1).reach+地点Eg. I will call you as soon as I reach Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。2). get to+地点I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。3).arrivearrive in+大地点I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。arrive in+小地点I will call you as soon as I arrive at Beijing Airport.我一到北京机场就给你打电话。练习1）我昨晚到伦敦了。_2）他到家已经湿透了。_3）天黑的时候他到了。_4）等到杰克到达影院的时候，电影已经结束了。_5）他到达山顶看到了他人看不到的风景。_7.be similar to 与类似Eg.1)Jack is similar to his father in many way.杰克在很多方面和他父亲相似。2)This dress is similar to Marys.这条裙子和玛丽的相似。3)Our teachers teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.我的老师的教学风格和多数教师相似。4)Mary has the similar hobbies to mine.玛莉和我的兴趣很相似。5)Your views are similar to his.你的观点和我的相似。8.bothboth可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是“两个”、“双方”、“两个都”。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。如：Both are right.两者都对。(主语) I like both.两个我都喜欢。(宾语) Both与动词连用时，大多数放在系动词be之后，其它动词之前。如：His parents are both workers. They both enjoy reading. 若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时，both大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后。如：The bridges must both be built this year. 两座桥都必须在今年修建。Kate and Mary have both gone to English. 凯特和玛丽都去了英国。.Both可与and构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。如：Both he and his brother are good at English.(连接两个主语)She can both dance and sing. (连接两个谓语动词)Mary is both kind and beautiful. (连接两个表语) 9.laughvi.“笑、发笑”(出声的大笑)如：We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。词组：laugh at嘲笑、因而笑如：Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。n.“笑；笑声”注意：smile：v.“无声的微笑”词组：smile at“向微笑”如：He smiled at me.他朝我微10.care v.“在意、担忧、关心”care for“喜欢；照顾”如：Your mother truly cares about you.你妈妈确实关心你。My father doesnt care for tea.我爸爸不喜欢喝茶。He has to care for his sister at home.他必须在家照顾妹妹。不可数名词，“小心；注意”take care“当心，小心”=be carefultake care of “照顾”=look after如：Take care not to fall into the river.You should take care of yourself.11.关于way的词组：by the way 顺便说一下 lose ones way 迷路on ones way to在某人去的路上 in the way 挡路 in a way 在某种程度上 go the wrong way 走错路12.bring out“使显现；使表现出”如：I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。拓展：bring out 还意为“出版；生产”如：The company is bringing out a new sports car.这个公司正生产一种新型跑车。bring out the best/worst in sb.把某人最好/ 最坏的一面展现出来。如：